资源描述
比较级与最高级语法专Thisrulerisaslongasthatone.讲形容词分为三种等级：原级，比较级与最高级。一、形容词的原级及用法形容词的原级（形容词本来面目不作变化）1 .表示没有进行比较或进行同级比较2 .可以修饰原级的词：veryquiteenough（“足够”，用在形容词后）soprettytoohowrather（相当）（not）asas（“（不）像样”，同级比较）notsoas（“不像一样”，同级比较）e.g.Howhappyweare!我们多么高兴啊！这把尺子和那把一样长。（变否定句）Thisrulerisnotas/so10ngasthatone.二、形容词比较级最高级变化规则单音节词比较级在词尾加er,最高级加estcoldcoldercoldesttalltallertallesthighhigherhighestlonglongerlongest以字母e结尾的词只加r或stnicenicernicestlatelaterlatestfinefinerfinest重读闭音节双写辅音字母再加er或estbigbiggerbiggesthot hotterhottestwetwetterwettestthin thinnerthinnestredredder reddestfatfatter fattestsadsaddersaddest以辅音字母+y结尾的词把y变i再加er或esteasyeasiereasiestearly earlierearliestfunnyfunnierfunniesthappyhappierhappiestheavyheavierheaviest多音节词、部分双音节词（特别是ful结尾及v.+ed/ing构成的形容词）及个别单音节词（fun）在前面加more或mostinterestingimportantdifficultexcitiedtiredcarefulpopularexpensiveboringfun不规则变化littlelessleastgood/wellbetterbestbad/ill/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostdirty dirtier dirtiestold elder eldest（ “年长的”oldolderoldest（年龄大的,与than连用）只作定语不与than 连用 ）4. 形容词比较级句式farfartherfarthest（距离远）farfurtherfurthest（除距离外,还指程度上更进一步的）副词比较级和最高级的变化规则大致与此相同三、比较级用法1 .表示两者之间进行比较，“更”2 .可以修饰比较级的词:much=alot（得多）alittle=abit（点点）even（甚至）far（远远）any（丝毫,稍微,用于否定和疑问句中）A+be+形容词的比较级+than+B.（A比B）Which/Who+be+形容词比较级,AorB?（哪个/谁更，A还是B?）练习写出下列句子凯特很瘦。凯特和玛丽谁更瘦？玛丽比凯特更瘦。玛丽比凯特更瘦吗？是的,她是。这个书包和这个箱子不一样沉。这个书包和这个箱子哪个更沉？3. 比较级标志 : than or5.副词比较级句式：A+实义动词十副这个箱子比书包更沉。词的比较级+thanB.（A得比B）Which/Who+实义动词三单,AorB?（哪个/谁一得更一，A还是B?）练习写出下列句子自行车和轿车哪个走得快？轿车比自行车走得快。这只羊和这只狗跑得不一样快。这只羊比狗跑得快吗？吉姆比汤姆上床睡觉早。（上句同义句）6.比较级特殊用法：the+比较级+ofthetwo两他是两个男孩中较高的。Hesthetallerofthetwoboys.“比较级+and+比较级或moreandmore+多音节词”“越来越”他越来越高。Hestallerandtalle匚英语越来越重要Englishismoreandmoreimportant.The+比较级，the+比较级“越，越”你越快乐就越美丽。Thehappieryouare,themorebeautifulyouare.not+比较级+than不如，不比”no+比较级+than一样都不”者中较一的”sister s classYouarenottallerthanme.我是我们班最聪明的I m theShe s nicer than any girl in her不比我高。Youarenojallerthanme.你和我一样都不高。比较级+thananyother+sig.+in+同一范围“比同一范围中其他任何一个更”比较级+thanany+sig.+in+非同一范围“比非同一范围中任何一个更”Shesnicerthananyothergirlinherclass.她比班里其他任何一个女孩都漂亮。（主语本身就在比较范围之中，因此是在同一范围就主语与其他任何一个比较）她比她妹妹班里任何一个女孩都漂亮。（主语不在该较范围之中，因此主语可以与该范围内任何一个作比较）该用法虽然出现了in所引导的比较范围但是仍要用比较级，此成为用比较级表示最高级,实质是最高级。四、最局级用法1 .表示三者或三者以上的比较，“最”2 .形容词最高级前必须加the,副词前的the可以省略。3 .最高级标志：inofor4 .句式：the+最高级+（n.）+in+比较范围cleverest in our class.She looks nicer than I.the+最高级+(n.)+of+同类事物这本书是所有书中最有趣的。Thebookisthemostinterestingofallthebooks.Which/Who+v.(单数)+最高级，A,BorC?Jay,Will和JJ谁最收欢迎？Whoisthemostpopular,Jay,WillorJJ?五、例题解析与难点攻克主语为人时than后面的比较对象若用代词用主格还是宾格？()Shelooksnicerthanme.()Notes:than可以作连词其后跟省略句，该省略句构成为(主格+助动词/be/情态动词)，而谓语部分可省略；than还可以作介词在口语中跟人称代词宾格主语为物时的比较对象的一致性问题2.Herhairislongerthanhermother.()Herhairislongerthanher3.My bag is bigger than you. 请判断正误：()1. She looks nicer than I do.My bag is bigger than your.mothers.()Mybagisbiggerthanyourbag.()Mybagisbiggerthanyours.()Notes:比较对象应与主语对等，当主语为限定词+n.时,than后的其比较对象可为：限定词+n.名词所有格(一般省略其后相同的名词)名词性物主代词(二形容词性物主代词+n.)mineyourshishersitsourstheirs4 .TheweatherofBeijingiscolderthanShanghai.()TheweatherofBeijingiscolderthanthatofShanghai.()Notes:当主语有后置定语修饰时，为保证比较对象一致，常用that/thoes指代比较对象。比较范围5 .TheChangjingRiveristhelongestChina.TheChangjingRiveristhelongestalltheriversinChina.Notes:在最高级中,in后跟比较范围,of后跟进行比较的同类事物。6 .ChinaislargerthananycountryinAsia.()ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia()同义句转换问题7.Heistallerthananyoneelseinthethatone.class.=Heistallerstudentintheclass.=Heistallerstudentsintheclass.=Heisthestudentintheclass.Notes:同一范围内比较比较级+thananyother+sig.+in比较级+thananyoneelse+in=比较级+thantheother+pl.+in（只有同一范围比较才能出现other/else）非同一范围内比较比较级+thanany+sig.+in=Thatcoatisthanthisone.=Thatcoatisntbigthisone.Notes:A+v.+比较级+than+B（A比B更）=B+v.+比较级反义词+than+A（B比A更）=B+v.+notas（so）as（B与A不一*样）“less+多音节词原级+than”“不如”一降级比较=Thatcoatislessexpensivethanthisone.SelfCheck8.Thiscoatismoreexpensiverthan1.Ifeeltired,soIwanttogotobedmostfamousD.lessfamous8. How are you today? MuchA.famous B.more famous C.thetonight.A.earlyB.earlierC.lateD.later2 .Thefoodofourcountryis_thanthatofwesterncountries.A.rathergoodthanB.muchbetterthanC.morebetterthanD.sogoosas3 .Theiceinthelakeisasasitwasbefore.A.thinB.thinnerC.thinnestDthethinnest4 .Whoisrunningstarinyourschool?5 .Whichseasondoyoulike?Summer.A.goodB.wellC.thebetterD.best6 .Lucyspenis_nicerthanyours.A.tooB.moreC.quiteD.alittle7 .Isyourbrotherasoutgoingasyou?No,hesaquietboy.Heis.A.lessoutgoingthanme8 .notsocalmasIC.moreoutgoingthanmeD.asoutgoingasIA.goodB.wellC.betterD.thebest9 .Tomscardisnewerthan.A.ourB.herC.myD.his10 ._ismorebeautifulthanroses.A.NootherflowerB.NoanotherflowerC.NototherflowerD.Notallflowers11 .Marystudiesharderinherclass.A.asanyoneB.thananyothergirlC.thantheotherD.thananyone1 .Heis3timesas(old)asme.1.1 mtootiredtogoany.(far)3 .Whois,LilyorLucy?4 .Tomisthe(heavy)ofthethree.5 .Tomistheofthetwoboys.6 .Russiais(large)thananyothercountryintheworld.7 .Hiscomputeristhe(expensive)ofall.8 .Youarepretty(beautiful).9 .Thebookis(useful)thanthatone.10 .Whosthe(healthy),you,heorshe?11 .How(small)theshirtis!Iwanta(big)one.12 .Youhave(short)and(curly)hairthanSusan.13 .Isthisstreetalot(noisy)thanthatone?1.1 Ifeelmuch(excited)now.1.50 occerisbecomingand(popalar)inChina.16 .Mysisterdoesntwriteas(good)asIdo.17 .The(much)youpractice,the(good)yourEnglishwillbe.18 .Nootheranimalis(scary)thanasnake.20 .Whata(funny)boy!21 .Youre(bad)atsportsthanme.22 .Itsthethird(long)riverinChina.1.1 haveabigbag.Hehasasmallbag.(合并)Mybagisthan.2 .Youarefunny.Hesfunny,too.(合并)Youarefunnyhim.3 .TomisthinnerthanSam.(同义句)=SamisthanTom.=SamisntasasTom.19.Mathisless(difficult)than English.4.HeandIarethesame.Wearequiteboys.（合并）HeisquiteI.5.Theyretall.Youretall.too.ButImtallerthananyoneelse.（合并）Imofall.
展开阅读全文