八年级英语重点知识整理

英语重点知识整理Chapter1重点短语：1、pourinto倒入2、twolitersofwater两升水3、flowinto流入4、turnonoffthetap开关水龙头5、twothirds三分之二6、lookaroundround四周看7、nodoneshead点头8、shakeoneshead摇头同义短语：1、inthefirstplace=atfirst=inthebeginning首先；起初2、bevaluable=beofgreatvalue宝贵的3、obeytherules=followtherules遵守规则知识要点：1、Itbe+形容词+forsb.todosth.对某人来说做什么怎么样E.g.Itsdifficultformetoplaybasketballwell.3感官动词：sound,feel,look,smell,taste+形容词E.g.Thissongsoundsgood.4 remembertodosth记得去做E.g.Remembertoturnoffthelightwhenyouleave.拓展：rememberdoingsth记得做过forgetdoingsth.忘记做过forgettodosth.忘记去做4、until直到才E.g.Ileftuntil5oclock.5、spend(spent)on花费pay(paid)for付款E.g.Ispenttwentyyuanonthebook.Ipaidtwentyyuanforthebook.语法：Therebe句型Thereis+单数不可数(alotof,some,little,much,alittle,no)Thereare+复数(alotof,some,afew,few,no,many)Howmuch+单数不可数Howmany+复数同义句:1、Lilyfroze.Lilywasfrightenedandstoppedmovingsuddenly.2、Ispent20yuanonthebook.Ipaid20yuanforthebook.3、Iwaiteduntilyoucalledme.Ididntleaveuntilyoucalledme.4、Wecleaneduptheclassroomthismorning.Wemadetheclassroomcleanthismorning.5、Watercomesfromtheseainthefirstplace.Watercomesfromtheseaatfirst.6、Oxygenisvaluable.Oxygenisofgreatvalue.Chapter2重点短语：1、holdameeting开会2、millionsof数百万的3、decidetodosth.决定做某事4、askfor请求5、takenote做笔记6、voteforsb.投票给某人7、inoneweekstime一周以后8、takepartin参力口同义短语：1、takechargeof=beresponsiblefor=beinchargeof负责2、ought(not)to=should(not)(不)应该3、consider=think(thought)about考虑4、consider=finish完成5lendsb.sth.=lendsth.tosb.=borrowsth.fromsb.6、briefly=inafewwords简单的7、takeover=discuss讨论知识要点：1、hold(held)举行holdameeting=haveameetingE.g.Weheldameetinglastweek.2、decidetodosth.决定做某事makeadecision做决定E.g.Idecidedtogetupearlyeveryday.E.g.Thesenewspapersarefreetopeople.扩展：free空闲的反义词:busy忙碌5、whatabouthowabout怎么样常用来征求对方的看法或意见，后面可接名词、代词或动名词E.g.WhatHowaboutplayingbasketball?语法：howwhat用法How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语E.g.Howtallheis!What+名词或名词短语+主语+谓语E.g.Whatatallboyheis!转换：Sheisabeautifulgirl.Howbeautifulsheis!Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!注意：weather、fun、time不可数E.g.Whatniceweatheritis!3、suggestv.建议suggestionn.advisev.建议advicen.用法：suggestdoingsth.advisetodosth.4、free免费的befreeto对免费同义句:1、Wemadeadecisiontohaveameetingnextweek.Wedecidedtohaveameetingnextweek.2、Theyconsideredthelastquestion.Theythoughtaboutthelastquestion.3、Timwasabsenttoday.Timwasnotheretoday.4、Arthurisresponsiblefortakingnotes.Arthurtakeschargeoftakingnotes.Arthurisinchargeoftakingnotes.5、Wearetalkingaboutthisquestionnow.Wearediscussingthisquestionnow.Chapter3重点短语：1 .workas从事工作2.getinformation3 .protecttheinnocent保护无辜者4.lookfor5 .findtheguilty找到罪犯6.denydoingsth.7 .admit(to)doingsth.承认做某事8 .noticesb.doingsth.留意到正在做某事同义短语：1. insteadof=inplaceof代替2. showsth.tosb.=showsb.sth.搜索信息寻找否认做某事把某物给某人看3. nolonger=notanylonger=not4. questionsb.=asksb.somequestions知识要点：1. alone(adv.)独自lonely(adj.)孤独的alone=byoneself=ononesown独自E.g.Helivesalone,buthedoesntfeellonely.2. recent(adj.)最近的recently(adv.)最近地E.g.Pleasetellmeyourrecentlife.语法：动词不定式和动名词动词不定式：动词+todoE.g.Hewantstobeadoctorinthefuture.ShecametoBeijinglastyear.Iagreedtogowithhim.动名词:动词+doingE.g.Ienjoylisteningtothemusic.Headmittedstealingherpurse.Theysuggestedgoingtothepark.注思：1.大部分动词用动词不定式，少部分动词用动名词；2.1 et、make后面直接加do;anymore不再提问某人3.有一些特殊动词不定式句子:MyfatherhelpsmelearnEnglish.Mr.Linletusfinishitbyourselves.IsawPeterenterthebank.IoftenhearLilysingsongs.Thebossmadetheworkerswork16hoursadaylastweek.句型：Its+adj.+todosth.E.g.Itstimetohavelunch.Itseasytogetfattoeattoomuchsweet.Itharmfultoyourhealthtosmokealot.同义句：7. WestudyEnglishaswellasChinese.WestudyEnglishandChinese.8. Igotoschoolbybusinsteadofbycar.Igotoschoolbybusinplaceofbycar.9. Heisnolongerastudent.Heisntastudentanylonger.Heisntastudentanymore.10. Thedetectivequestionedher.Thedetectiveaskedhersomequestions.Chapter4重点短语：1.inonesopinion按某人的意见2.beunawareof不知道3.theanswerto的答案4.raiseaquestion提出问题1.moreimportantly更重要的是2.forthesereasons由于这些原因同义短语：1. tiny=verysmall极小的2. dependenton=relyon依赖于3. rarely=seldom很少4. hardlyever=seldom几乎不5. forthetimebeing=now暂时知识要点：5. operate=makesth.work操作拓展：operateonsb.给某人做手术6. beunawareof不知道E.g.Iamunawareof=Idontknow7. inonesopinion按某人的意见来看E.g.Inmyopinion,heisright.=Ithinkheisright.8. theanswerto(n.)的答案answer(v.)回答E.g.Theanswertothisquestionis24.Heanswersthequestion.语法：形容词的比较级和最高级构成：1.一般直接在形容词后加erest1.以e结尾直接加rst2 .以辅音字母结尾加y,把y变i,加erest3.重读闭音节结尾，双写辅音字母，再加erest4.不规则(要熟记)、，、上、注思：(1)比较词前加much表示程度上的差别E.g.TonyismuchtallthanPeter.(2)最高级后面可用in,of,among等来说明比较范围E.g.1.Jingji100isthetallestbuildingintheShenzhen.（1） Thisappleisthebiggestofall.（2） Maryistheyoungestamongthem.Chapter5重点短语：1 .rushdown冲下2.runacompetition举办个比赛2 .secondslater几秒种后4.bymidnight到了半夜5.exceptfor除了6.makejokesabout讲关于笑话5. succeededindoingsth.成功做某事同义短语：1. run=makesth.work运作2. draginto=pullinto把拉进来3. secondslater=afterawhile过了一会儿4. makejokesabouton=playjokesabouton取笑知识要点：1. celebrate+n.庆祝E.g.TheyarecelebratingTimsbirthday.2. competition(n.)比赛拓展：compete(v.)比赛competitor(n.)参赛者E.g.Iwanttoattendthiscompetition.3. lookout=becareful拓展：lookfor寻找lookafter照顾lookover=examine检查lookdownuponsb.看不起某人lookupto看得起；尊重1expectfor除了=notincluding比较except、exceptfor、besideThebuswasempty,exceptfortom.（前后不同类）Wegotoschooleverydayexceptweekend.（前后不同类）Wehavewinterholidaybesidessummerholiday.（相当于and）2succeedindoingsth.=besuccessfulindoingsth.成功做某事3taketurn轮流Thistimeitsyourturntocleantheclassroom.语法：现在完成时1.结构：have、has+过去分词1for+表示一段时间的短语2since+表示过去时间点的词语3since+表示过去时间的时间状语从句E.g.Ihavebeenateacherforayear.Ihavebeenatthisschoolsince1998.Wehavelearned1,000Englishwordssincewecametothisschool.2.already（已经用于肯定句），yet（还没有用于否定句），never（从不），ever（曾经），just（刚刚），before（之前）此类副词，常强调动作完成。E.g.haveyoueverbeentoHongKong.Ihavejustfinishedmyhomework.Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Ihaventfinishedmyhomeworkyet.区分havebeento（去过）和havegoneto（去了）IhavebeentoBeijing.（去过，已经回来了）IhavegonetoBeijing.（去了，还没有回来）3.表示过去有某种经历或经验，常用的时间状语有once,twice,before,ever等。区分短暂性动词和延续性动词表示短暂性（瞬间性）的动词在现在完成时的句子中不能和一段时间连用，即for,since短语和howlong问句。E.g.（1）Icamehereoneyearago.havebeenhereforoneyear.（2）Iboughtthebookaweekago.Ihavehadthebookforaweek.（3）Heborrowedthebookthreemonths.Hehaskeptthebookforthreemonths.短暂性动词与持续性动词的转换：短暂性动词持续性动词come、arrivebeatingooutbeoutleavebeaway(from)beginbeonbuyhaveborrowkeepjoinbeamemberofdiebedeadcatchacoldhaveacoldfinishbeoverChapter6重点短语：1.makealiving谋生2.accordingto根据3.selloutof卖完4.openapetshop开一家宠物店watchclosely仔细观看receiveacomplaint收至U投诉extremelyfortunate常幸运同义短语：heardfrom=receivegetaletterfrom收至U来信leavefor=goawayto启程，出发去innotime=verysoon=rightaway=atonce立亥Utakepleasureindoingsth.=behappytodosth.=dosth.besatisfiedwith=bepleasewith对满意whisper=speaksay(sth)inalowvoice耳语fortunate=lucky幸运知识要点：invisible看不见的反义词：visible看见的E.g.Thefishisinvisible.=Wecantseethefish.accordingto根据用法：作为介词来使用，其后应加名词或代词E.g.Wellbepaidaccordingtotheamountofworkwedo.need需要用法：可以作及物动词，其后可以加名词或代词作宾语E.g.Theyneednofood.=Theydontneedanyfood.（两句语气稍有不同）hearsb.dosth.听见某人做某事E.g.Iheardtheboycry.happily乐意做某事语法：副词（简写：adv.）.作用：修饰动词、形容词、其他副词和整个句子，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等。.构成：大部分副词是由形容词变化形成的(1)大多数形容词+lyquiet-quietly(2)车相字母+ly结尾的形容词去y为i,+lyhappy-happilylucky-luckily(3)4I#字母+le结尾的形容词，去e,+lyterrible-terriblygentle-gently(4)兀音字母+e结尾的形容词去e,+lytrue-truly(5)兀音字母+辅音字母(除I)+e结尾的形容词+lywide-widelypolite-politely注意：频率词、时间词、一些疑问词等也是副词，如:often,yesterday,when,outside,already.其他副词不以ly结尾的副词：well,very与形容词同形的副词：fast,hard,early,high注意：有些以ly结尾的，不是副词，而是形容词，如：friendly,lovely,lively等Chapter7短语：1、traditionaljobs传统职业2、strongenough足够强壮3、begoodatdoingsth./dowellindoingsth.擅长做4、beusedtodosth.被用来做beusedtodoingsth.习惯于做5、removefrom从移开6、therestof剩余的7、setoff离开=leavefor8、beinterestedin/showinterestin对感兴趣bekeenon/befondof9、upto=until直到10、nolonger/notanylonger/notanymore不再11、slim=thin苗条的知识要点：.require=need需要、要求.witheg.Sheisbeautifulwithlonghair.她很美丽和有长发。with是表示伴随的动作或状态.enough足够放在形容词或副词前eg.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.他够年龄去上学了。=Heissooldthathecangotoschool.放在名词前enoughmoney足够的钱enoughspace/room足够的空间.enabletodosth.让能够去做eg.Thebooksenableustofindouttheworldbetter.这些书让我们更了解世界。=Thebooksmakeusabletofindouttheworldbetter.beinterestedin/showinterestin对感兴趣bekeenon/befondofeg.Iaminterestedinplayingfootball.我对踢足球感兴趣。=Ishowinterestinplayingfootball.=Iamkeenonplayingfootball.=Iamfondofplayingfootball.begoodatdoingsth./dowellindoingsth.擅长做eg.Iamgoodatreading.我擅长阅读。=Idowellinreading.7、nolonger/notanylonger/notanymore不再eg.Iamnolongerastudent.我不再是学生。=Iamnotastudentanylonger.=Iamnotastudentanymore.语法：主动与被动语态主动：是行动的执行者被动：行动的承受者结构：be+p.p.(过去分词)肯定句：be+p.p.+by(过去分词)否定句：be+not+p.p.疑问句：be提前，后面照抄.现在完成时：have(has)+been+p.p.一般过去时：be(was/were)+p.p.一般将来时：will(begoingto)+be+p.p.情态动词：情态动词+be+p.p.现在进行时：be+being+p.p.e.g.Hebrokethecup,他把茶杯打碎了。Thecupwasbrokebyhim.备注：注意时态