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初二英语上册知识点(短语、句型)MODULE11、如有always,often,usually,sometimes,seldom,never,oncea,every.用一般现在时,第一、二人称复数后跟动词原形,第三人称单数后跟动词加s/es。2、如有now,look!,listen,atthemoment用现在进行时,结构是be(am,is,are)+v-ing3、如有tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,fromnowon,in+一段时间,someday,next用一般将来时,结构:will+v原begoingto+v原(没有动词用be)4、如有yesterday,ago,lastjustnow用一般过去时动词加edgivesb.Sth.=givesth.tosb.给某人某物everyday每天,writedown写下,记下writeit(them)downeveryday每天的,日常的,howaboutdoingsth.=whataboutdoingsth.做怎么样eachother互相.thanksalot=thankyouverymuch非常谢谢回答Thatsallright.=Yourewelcome.=ThatOK.=Itsmypleasure.=Notatdontyou+V原.=whynot+.V原为什么不helpsb.withsth.在某方面帮助别人helpsb.(to)dosth.帮助某人做某事withoneshelp=withthehelpofsb.在某人的帮助helponeselftosth.请自用食物watchsb.dosth.看到某人做了某事,(现在没有做,做过)watchsb.doingsth.看到某人正在做某事(正在做)see,hear类似remembertodosth.想起记得要做某事,未做事rememberdoingsth.相起记得做过某事forgettodosth.忘记要做某事forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事welcomeback欢迎回来,newterm新学期thisterm这学期,nextterm下学学期,lastterm上学期,giveyousomeadvice给你一些建议whynot为什么不,makeamistake=makemistakes犯错误correctspelling正确的拼写,whatelse?=whatotherthings?还有什么apieceofadvice一条建议,follow/takeonesadvice采用别人的建议,sendsthtosb.=sendsb.sth.寄给某人sendfor派人去请/取sendup发射.allthetime一直enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime=haveagreattime=havefun,玩得愉快lotsof=alotof=many(可数)much(不可数)许多,spend:sb.spendsometimeonsth.某人花费时间做某事sb.spendsometime(in)doingsth.某人花费时间做某事Sb.spendsomemoneyonsth.某人花费钱买某物Sb.spendsomemoney(in)buyingsth.某人花费钱买某物Cost:sth.costsb.somemoney某物花去某人钱pay:sb.paysomemoneyforsth.某人支付钱Take:Ittakes(took)timetodosth.做某事花去某人时间askfor请求,要求,asksb.forsth.向某人要某物asksb.todosth.要求某人做某事apieceof一块enjoydoingsth式V-ing喜欢做某事.finish,practise,mind,miss,consider,keep,continue,这些词语后跟动名词形place=putsth.in把某物放在里面else常修饰不定代词,关系代词或副词,也可修饰all,much,little等,else要位于其后。所有格为elses.takeadeepbreath深呼吸,catchholdonesbreath屏住呼吸,outofbreath上气不接下气,wishsb.todosth.希望某人做某事,thenumberof的数目,后跟名词复数,动词用三单,anumberof=many,大量,许多后跟名词复数,动词用复数形式。alargenumberofasmallnumberof,invitedosth.邀请某人做某事find+it+adj+todosth.发现做某事怎么样trytodosth.尽力做事trydoingsth.尝试做某事trynottodosth.尽力不做某事tryonesbest尽某人最大的努力,agroupof一组,一群,borrowsthfromsb.从某人处借入某物,lendsb=lend.借给某人某物keep借一段时间practicedoingsth.,练习做做某事comefrom=befrom来自,lookfor寻找,lookafter=carefor=takecareof照顾lookup向上看,查阅looklike看起来像,lookat看着,lookonsb.as把某人看作lookforwardtodoingsth.盼望,期待做某事lookover检查,翻阅lookout当心,向外看,lookthrough仔细查看,bereadyfor=getreadyfor=preparefor为,beready准备好,be(get)readytodosth.准备做某事,乐意做某事translateinto将译成,takeamessage捎个信,leaveamessage留个信,begoodfor对有好处,begoodat=dowellin擅长于一bepoorat=bebadat=dobadlyin=beweakin不擅长-Thinkof想起,thinkabout想出,thinkover仔细考虑,else修饰不定代词something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,anybody,nobody和who,what,when,where时放后,四说,1,speak说语言,说内容,3,talk与谁说,4,tell告诉,讲述,四看,1,watch观看电视,比赛和表演,2,see看人,电影,医生,风景,I,凡是表演用3,read看书,报,4,look就看。看场电影要用see,读书看报用read电视、戏剧、比赛,凡是表演用watch,observe细观察,一时注意用notice.make琅语+补足语(形容词)使某人某物怎么样。.make+宾语+do让某人做某事make琅语+过去分词使某人被怎么样;makefriendswithsb.与某人交朋友,hearof听说,hearfrom收到某人的来信,bebadfor对有害,itis+adj.+ofsb+todosth.写性格,品质kind,goodnice,right,wrong,clever,careless,polite,foolish等。It is+ adj+ for sb +to do sth.对物的评价difficult,easyhard,dangerous,important,writeto给写信,nextto在旁边,和某人讲话,向某人说再见,dosomeconcerts办音乐会,speaktosb.sayhellotosb.给某人问好,saybyetosb.showsb.aroundsomewhere带某人参观某地,learnsthfromsb.向某人学习choosethecorrectanswers选择正确答案,correctthemistakes改错,matchwith把和搭配起来建议:dontyoudosth?=whynotdosth?2. Howaboutdoingsth?=whataboutdoingsth?3. Youshould/candosth.4.Remembertodosth.5.Dontforgettodosth.6.canyoudosth?7.Letsdosth.8.Itsagoodideatodo9.Wouldyouliketodo?10.Shallwedo11.Youdbetter(not)dosth.回答:Thatsagoodidea.Thanksalot.Great,OK.Thatsright.Allright.Goodidea.Sure.MODULE2现在完成时:1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,或结果,常与still连用;2. 表示发生在过去并且一直持续到现在的动作或状态,常与结构:have(has)+过去分词,getinto=enter进入,whatsthepriceofdreamabout梦到,dreamof梦见,recently,ever,never,already,yet,just,beforefor+时间段或since+时间点连用。=howmuchis问价格aroundtheworld=allovertheworld全世界,staywithsb.与某人呆一起stayathome呆在家里,stayinbed呆在床上,walkto=gotoonfoot步行去takeoff脱下,起飞,landon/in/at着路,alloverChina,全中国,takeaseat=haveaseat请坐,cometure实现,flyto=goto.byplane(byair),坐飞机在尽头/结尾sell out 卖光 ,at the end在结束时 ,driveto=gotobycar开车,attheendof去了(现在不在说话地)havebeento去过(现在不在那儿),havegoneto等奖,everydayEnglish日常英语,firstpriceThemostexcitingexperience最激动人心的经历,beforelong不久,longbefore=soon=alittlelater很久以前,noproblem没问题,have a problem in doing sth.做某事有困难,workoutaproblem解决一个问题,invitesbtodosth,邀请某人做某事invitesbtosomeplace邀请某人去某地oneday,某一天,(过去或将来)someday某一天(将来),连系动词,一是be(am,is,are,was,were,)一感觉feel,一保持keep,三变become,getturn,四起来taste,smell,look,sound,后跟形容词作表语。不同种类的,各种各样的,不定代词:somebody,someone某人,anybody,anyone任何人nobody,noone,没人everyone,everybody每个人,something某物,anything任何物,nothing没事,everything一切事物,修饰他们的形容词放后。differentkindsof=allkindsofbytheendof到末为止,不迟于giveaconcert=giveconcerts举办音乐会intheend=finally最后,终于,takeaphoto=takephotos照相,店cooksthforsb.=cook.为某人做饭buy,makesuch+a/an+adj+单数名词=so+adj+a/an+单数名词(名前such,形副so,多多少少也用so,little属特殊,“小”用such,少用so.)交通工具的乘坐,takethe(a)+交通工具to,=go.by+交通工具=go.on/in+a(the)+交通工具(小汽车只能用in,其余的可用in,on);walktosomewhere=goto.onfoot;flytosomewhere.=gobyplaneridetosomewhere=go.bybike,drivetosomewhere=gotobycar,akindof一种,bekindtosb对某人友善sincethen从那时起,takeoff脱下,起飞,请假,reckon=consider=regard=think考虑,认为bereckoned(tobe),被以为reckonas.相当于regard.as.把当成inthephoto,在照片里goabroad,出国beabroad,在国外travelabroad,到国外旅行sellout,卖光sellto,卖给某人sellwell卖得好四个也:also,肯定,行前be后;too肯定,句末;either,否定,句末;aswell,肯定,句末。gotosleep,去睡觉thepriceof,sellsthatahighprice,以高价出售,yet,用于完成时态的否定句和疑问句中;wouldliketodosth=wanttodosth,wouldlikesb.todosth=watsbtodosth的价格,形容价格用high,low。sellsthatalowprice,以低价出售。haveawonderfultime玩得高兴,想要做某事想要某人做某事MODULE3just, 用于完成时already早已,用于完成时的肯定,;yet,用于完成时的否定和疑问;justnow=amomentago用于过去时arriveat(小地方)/in(大地方)=reach=getto,到达bring,从外往里拿,take,从里往外拿,carry无方向,fetch往返拿,morethan,=over,多于lessthan,少于alone,个体单独,独自;lonely,孤独,寂寞,也表示荒凉,mostof的大多数,avisitto对.的参观,onavisitto,参观.foravisit参观,payavisitto,拜访as.as和一样notas.as.=notso.as不如,so.that如此.以致于如果that后是否定,就可以用b)todosth.befamousfor因.面着名(原因),befamousaspreferdoingsth.todoingsth.=likedoingsthbetterthandoingsthpreferto更喜欢.prefertodosthratherthandosth.too.to转换,如果是肯定就用,形容+enough(fors.身份或产地而着名更喜欢做某事,宁愿做某事而不愿做某事,returnfromavisitto从.访问返回,benamedafter以.的名字命名,beproudof以自豪,beuptosb.由某人决定upto从事于,忙于,spacestation在太空站,show sth to sb.=show sb sth把某物给某人看,onbusiness出差,因.公事,在.的上面over,在.上面,正上方,中间有段空间,反义为underon在.上面,贴着物表,反义beneath,above在.上方,高出,反义belowinthesky=intheair在天空中,byair=byplane坐飞机,inthelastthreeyears在过去三年里,用于现在完成时,none用于三个以上的全否定,反义为all;neither两个都不,反义为both,thelastestnews,最新消息,sharesb.与分享某物MODULE4geton/alongwithsb,与.相处,getonwellwithsb.与.相处融洽hearabout,hearof听说,infact实际上,theHopeSchools,希望学校lookafter=takecareof=carefor,照顾dropoutofschool,缀学takepartin,参加payfor,支付,付钱howlong,多长时间howsoon,多久getonbadlywith,与.相处不好hearfromsb.收到某人的信,邮件等onthefarm,在农场上inthelast+一段时间,inthpast+一段时间intherecent+一段时间,这三个用于现在完成时becauseof因为,sellsb.=sellsb.sth.,把某物卖给某人buysthfrom.buysthforsb.给某人买东西getaneducation接受教育,takepartin=join参加,ingood/badhealth身体健康/不健康,careabout关心,在乎,takecare当心,howoften隔多久一次,stopdoingsth.停止做某事,stoptodosth.停下来去做别的事,dress/undress+人,puton/wear/takeoff+衣,dropout退出,离队,dropin顺便来访,dropoutofschool退学pointat指着,pointto指向putononesclothes穿上衣服withthehelpofsb.=wihtsbshelp在别人的帮助下withoutthehelpofsb.无人帮助的情况athomeandabroad在国内外非延续性动词变为延续动词:Buy-haveopen-beopenjoin-beinborrow-keepdie-bedeadleave-beawaycomehere-beheregothere-betherebegin-beonfinish-beovermakefriends-befriendsgetready-bereadybuy-get/havearrive/getto/reach/come-beinbeat/stay,puton-haveon/weargetup-beup可延续性动词不可以与for或since连用,非延续性动词的否定式也可以和for/since连用.other其他的,另外的,别的;another另一个人或事物;theother两个中的另一个;theothers其余的,剩下的人或事物;others其他的,另外的,别的人或物MODULE5onearth,究竟,到底,可用在when,what,who,where,how,which,why等之后,相当于intheworld,用在否定句中相当于not.atall;afanof,.的迷giveaconcert=giveconcerts,举行音乐会befamousfor,因.而着名(后+人或物某方面的特点,特长)befamousas,作为.而闻名(后+身份职业)attheageof=when.yearsold,在.岁的时候notonlybutalso.不仅.而且(就近原则)上classicalmusic,古典音乐belongto,属于sthbelongtosb.物属于人across,从一定范围内的一边到另一边,表面进行through,从中间通过或穿过,里面进行;over上方通过,不接触表面;hearof听说,beborn出生,gothrough穿过,Imnotsure我不确定,Imsure肯定,makesb.+adj使某人怎么样,makesb.dosth.使某人做某事,takesb.around带人四处走走,apieceofmusic一首乐曲,inadditionto除.以外,buyhimaguitar=buyaguitarforhim给某人买吉他,goonwithsth.继续做某事,goondoingsth.继续做某事,dieof患.而死,常接hunger,cold,illness,cancer内部原因,外部原因 ,diefrom由于.,而死,常接awound,anaccident,carelessnesslearn to do sth学做某事learn from sb.向某人学习Learn.byheart熟记,背诵,learnoneslessonfrom.从.中吸取教训,反意疑问句:1. 先断定,判断是否定或肯定.如有not,never,few,little,hardly,no,nobody,seldom,nothing等词,则是否定,后面该用肯定.2. 后找动,观察前面的动词,若含有或情态动词直接用,若为实义动词原形,用do,三单用does,过去式用did,hadbetter用had3. 换代,主语定代词,三单用he,she,it,复用theywe;somebody,nobody类似的用they,和thing一起的用4. 肯定祈使句,反问句部分可用willyou/wontyou?否定祈使句,用willyou?s.用shallwe?letus用willyou?,6 .在think,believe,suppose+从句结构中,疑问句部分与从句保持一致,同时主句的否定转移到从句中;但第二,三人称与主句保持一致:Idontthinkyouhavedoneit,haveyou?/Hedoesntthinkyouhavedoneit,doeshe?即:当主句人称是一,从句是二时,看二;当主句是三时,就看三。7 .回答只针对事实作答;Yes+肯定,No+否定give=givesb.给某人某物,givein投降,giveupdoingsth放弃,giveout分发,giveawayto对.让步,ontheearth在地球上,bothand既又就近原则neithernor既不又不,就近原则either.or要么要么.therebe,notonly.butalso就近原则,maybe可能是.maybe=perhaps大概,也许Inadditionto.除.以外(还有)=besides,but除.之外,常与否定意义词连用,当but前有do时but后接原形,except,除之外(不包括)of course=,surepart time job, be led by当然一份兼职工作 带领onholiday度假,alltypesof呼种,ononesown独自,at that time, at 点 yesterday, then, 等特定的过去时间连用。MODULE6过去进行时用法:1.表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或正存在的状态,一般常和lastnight,thistimeyesterday,thewholemorning,whenIarrived2.表示一个过去动作发生时或发生之后,另一个动作正在进行或两个延续性过去的动作同时进行引导的时间状语从句连用。,常与when,while结构:was/were+V-inggoon继续,goondoingsthgoontodosth继续做某事(另一件事),goonwithsth继续做同一件事,但中间暂停过Howisitgoing?=Howareyougettingon/along?继续做某事(同一件事),近况如何?bytheriver,在河边atthistimeyesterday昨天的这个时候,inatree=inthetree,在树上(外来物)onatree=onthetree,在树上,(树本身的)smileatsb.朝着某人微笑,laughatsb.嘲笑某人fallinto,掉进,跌入falloff掉下来,fallbehind,落后,跟不上fallinlovewith,爱上becareful,小心bymistake由于出错atthat/thistime在那/这时havenothingtodo没事可做nothingstrange没什么奇怪的,take sth. out of 把.从.拿出来,happentodosth.碰巧做某事感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice,smell,taste词或代词+Ving(表示动作正在进行)后+名词或代词+动词原形(表示动作已经发生)后+名underthhedge在树篱下面,godown下去,thinkabout考虑,thinkof想起,认为thinkover仔细考虑,thinkout,想出thinkhard,努力想,努力思考Whathappenedtosb.?某人发生了什么事?beon上演,gooff熄灭,停,英语中当几个单数人称同时作主语时,先后顺序是“二、三、一”not.until直到才(主句中常用非延续性动词)till/until直到为止(主句中常用延续性动词)somethingwrongwith.,出了毛病,lieinbed躺在床上,jumpoutof从.跳出来,ononeswaytosomeplace,在某人去某地的路上ononeswayhome在某人回家的路上,fromto,从.到(动词+Ving)when,while,as的区别当.时候When可与持续性动词连用,表示一段时间,也可与短暂性动词连用,表示时刻”.主句的动作可以与从句的动作同时发生,也可以先后发生.如果主从句都是短暂性动词时,只能用WhenWhile表示主句和从句的动作同时发生.其从句的动词必须为延续性动词,从句多用进行时态,也可用表示状态的动词的一般时态.如果主从句都是进行时,只能用Whileas与When同义,但as指主句的动作和从句的动作交替进行或同步发展.wear out 穿坏 , 穿旧 , 用坏 ,cheer up使振奋 ; 使兴奋 ,follow ones advice 听从某人的建议, look intostop to do sth. 停下做另一件事stop doing sth.stop .from doing sth. 阻止 做某事 , what kinda kind of 一种 ,all kinds of =different kinds ofkind of =a bit=a little有点 ,walk alongby mistake 错误地,无意地,by oneselfby the way, 顺便说墙的表面用have something to do 有事可做 ,have something to eathave nothing to drink 没有什么喝的东西feel tiredno one, 一般不与 of 连用,动词用单数,只指人,一般用来回答none , 可与 of 连用,动词可用单数或复数,指人或物,回答一般问句Nothing ,指物,动词用单数,without doing sth. 没做, be tired=get tiredduring the day 一整天,向 . 的里面看 ,停止做某事哪种 ,各种各样的 ,沿着 走 ,单独,独立地,on ,墙的内部用 in有可吃的东西,感到疲劳whohow many /how much 引导的问句,以及含 any+n 的累了,被动语态的结构是:be+及物动词的过去分词变法:1主+谓+宾语.将宾语变作主语,将谓语变被动语态,将主语变by宾语.2. 主+谓+间宾+直宾将间接宾语变作主语,谓语变成被动语态,直接宾语不变3. 主+谓+直宾+间宾+to或for将直变主,将谓变被告,其余不变.by原主4. 主+谓+宾+宾补宾作主,谓变被,其余不变,by原主.5. 主+谓+宾+宾补(let,see,make,hear,watch,feel,help,notice,observe,lookat,listento)变为被动时,后加to6. 主+短语动词+宾语,宾作主,短变被,其余不变,by原主.7. 带有begoingto,beaboutto,beto,haveto,usedto,besupposedto,besureto等要将to后来动词变以被动
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