【-】2015届高考英语大一轮复习讲义语法专项提升非谓语动词

非谓语动词非谓语动词作主语1(2013福建卷) _basic firstaid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.AKnownBHaving knownCKnowing DBeing known解析：句意为：懂得基本的急救技能有助于对紧急情况作出快速反应。本题考查非谓语动词作主语。分析题干可知非谓语动词短语作主语，因为过去分词不能作主语，排除A项。根据句意可知，空格处不是表达完成或被动意思，排除B和D项，故答案为C项。答案：C2(2011北京卷)Its important for the figures_regularly.Ato be updatedBto have been updatedCto updateDto have updated解析：考查非谓语动词作状语。句中的时间状语regularly表示经常发生，因此排除B、D两项；又因为figures是被更新的，故选A项。答案：A非谓语动词作状语3(2013湖南卷)_warm at night，I would fill the woodstove，then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.AStaying BStayed CTo stayDStay解析：句意为：为了在夜里取暖，我总是把火炉填满，然后把闹钟定在午夜，以便我能再填满一次。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。根据上下文逻辑可知设空处表示目的，而四个选项中只有C项作目的状语，故答案为C项。答案：C4(2013安徽卷)_in the early 20th century，the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art.ATo found BFoundingCFounded DHaving founded解析：句意为：这所学校建立于20世纪早期，并一直激励孩子们热爱艺术。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。非谓语动词与句子主语为逻辑上的被动关系，故排除A、B、D三个选项。答案：C5(2013四川卷)_which university to attend，the girl asked her teacher for advice. ANot knowing BKnowing not CNot knownDKnown not解析：句意为：(因为)不知道要上哪个大学，这个女孩便征求她老师的意见。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。首先排除B、D两项，因分词的否定式为“not现在分词/过去分词”；主语the girl与非谓语动词之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故排除C项。 答案：A6(2013山东卷)_at the cafeteria before，Tina didnt want to eat there again.AHaving eaten BTo eatCEat DEating解析：句意为：因为之前在这家自助餐厅吃过饭，Tina再也不想去那儿吃了。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。根据语境可知空格处的动作应该发生在didnt want to eat之前，故选A项。答案：A非谓语动词作定语7(2013北京卷)Volunteering gives you a chance_lives，including your own.Achange Bchanging Cchanged Dto change解析：句意为：当志愿者给了你一个改变别人和你自己的生活的机会。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。根据题干，被修饰词chance为抽象名词，通常情况下由不定式作后置定语，故此题选择D项。答案：D8(2013天津卷)In some languages,100 words make up half of all words_in daily conversations.AusingBto use Chaving usedDused解析：句意为：在有些语言中，100个词就占了日常对话用词的50%。本题考查非谓语动词作后置定语。非谓语动词和words是逻辑上的被动关系，而四个选项中只有D项表示被动，故答案为D项。答案：D9(2013山东卷)The room is empty except for a bookshelf_in one corner. AstandingBto stand Cstands Dstood解析：句意为：除了在一个角落里立着的一个书架外这个房间是空的。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。被修饰词为a bookshelf，非谓语动词与bookshelf之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故选A项。不定式作定语时，通常表示将来的动作，若用在此处不合句意。答案：A10(2013四川卷)The airport_next year will help promote tourism in this area. Abeing completed Bto be completed Ccompleted Dhaving been completed解析：句意为：明年即将竣工的机场将有助于促进这个地区的旅游业。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。首先排除D项，因为having been done形式不能作定语；A.正被完成；C.已经完成；B.即将被完成。答案：B非谓语动词作宾语11(2013江苏卷)Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and_to ruins，the city took on a new look.Areducing BreducedCbeing reduced Dhaving reduced解析：句意为：在经历了一次严重地震化为废墟之后不久，那座城市呈现出了新面貌。本题考查非谓语动词。设空处与suffering from.并列，作介词after的宾语，所以要用doing的形式，排除B；根据短语reduce sb./sth.to sth.使某人/某事物陷入更坏的境地，主语the city和reduce 之间是被动关系，所以要用being done的形式，故选C项。答案：C12(2012福建卷)China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from_in the South China Sea.AattackingBhaving attackedCbeing attackedDhaving been attacked解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：最近，中国为了保护中国渔船在南海不受到袭击，加强了黄岩岛附近水域的管辖。prevent sb./sth.from doing sth.阻止某人/某物做某事，根据句意可知，attack与fishing boats之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故选C。答案：C非谓语动词作表语13(2013重庆卷)The engine just wont start.Something seems_wrong with it.Ato go Bto have goneCgoing Dhaving gone解析：句意为：发动机就是启动不起来。看来它是出毛病了。本题考查非谓语动词作表语。seem后接不定式，排除C和D两项；根据发动机不能启动的事实说明发动机已经出现了问题，故排除A项。答案：B14(2010福建卷)In April，thousands of holidaymakers remained_abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.AstickingBstuckCto be stuckDto have stuck解析：句意为：四月，成千上万的度假者由于受到火山灰的影响，滞留国外。本题考查非谓语动词作表语。主语holidaymakers与stick间为被动关系，排除A、D两项；remain过去分词，表示状态；remainto be done表示将来。综上所述，答案为B项。答案：B非谓语动词作宾补15(2013新课标卷)They might just have a place_on the writing coursewhy dont you give it a try?Aleave Bleft Cleaving Dto leave解析：句意为：在写作课程上，他们可能还有一个名额你为什么不试试呢？本题考查非谓语动词作宾补。宾语a place与leave(剩下)为逻辑上的动宾关系，故答案为B项。答案：B16(2013北京卷)When we saw the road_with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home.Ablock Bto block Cblocking Dblocked解析：句意为：当我们看到马路被大雪堵住时，我们决定在家度过假期。本题考查非谓语动词作宾补。非谓语动词的逻辑主语为road，两者为被动关系，故此题选择D项。答案：D1以下两条“黄金法则”是解决现在分词与过去分词区别的最佳方法。“八字方针”即“主动进行；被动完成”。现在分词表示主动或进行；过去分词表示被动或完成。“两个参照物”句子的主语和谓语动词根据非谓语动词和句子主语的主动或被动关系，可以判断非谓语动词的形式；根据非谓语动词和谓语动词的先后关系，可以判断非谓语动词的时态。2to be done，done，being done的选择是考试的易错点。虽然这三者都表示被动意义，但所表示的时间不同。done表示已经发生的动作；to be done表示将要发生的动作；being done表示正在进行的动作。一、非谓语动词作主语1动名词作主语(2013浙江高考)Hearing how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.聆听别人对你刚才所读的书的反应会增加额外的乐趣。It is no use crying over spilt milk.(动名词短语作主语，it作形式主语)覆水难收。2不定式作主语To see is to believe./Seeing is believing.眼见为实。It is important to respect people.(不定式短语作主语，it作形式主语)尊重别人很重要。二、非谓语动词作表语1动名词作表语时，说明主语的性质或特征。The ant queens work is laying eggs.蚁后的工作就是产卵。2不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表示将来的动作。 His ambition is to go to Harvard University.他的梦想就是上哈佛大学。三、非谓语动词作宾语1动词afford，agree，ask，decide，desire，expect，fail，hope，manage，promise，pretend，plan，intend，refuse，wish等后要接不定式作宾语。 David refused to accept my invitation.大卫拒绝接受我的邀请。2动词come，get，grow后接不定式作宾语时，意为“逐渐地”。She has a hot temper，but you will grow to like her.她脾气很急，但你会渐渐喜欢她的。3动词 admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，finish，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，risk，resist，suggest等后要接动词ing形式作宾语。Bill suggested holding a meeting on what to do for the Expo during the vacation.比尔建议开一个关于假期期间为世博会做些什么的会议。4动词短语cant stand，give up，feel like，keep on，insist on，look forward to，put off，devote.to，object to，be busy (in)，get down to，have difficulty/trouble (in)，have a good/wonderful/hard time (in)，have fun等后要接动词ing形式作宾语。(2010上海高考)I had great difficulty finding the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.在那个餐馆，我很难从菜单上找到合适的食物。5动词like，love，prefer，hate，continue等后接不定式或动词ing形式作宾语均可。但表示经常性的动作要用动词ing形式，表示具体的行为要用不定式。 I like swimming，but I dont like to swim this afternoon.我喜欢游泳，但今天下午不想去。6动词need，require，want作“需要”讲时，其后要用动词ing形式的主动语态或不定式的被动语态作宾语。与此相同用法的动词还有deserve“值得”。The window needs cleaning/to be cleaned.窗户需要擦了。7形容词worth后要接动词ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，它不同于worthy的用法。The Summer Palace is worth visiting/worthy of being visited/worthy to be visited.颐和园值得一去。8介词后一般要接动词ing形式作宾语。但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语时，如前面有实义动词do，不定式就要省略to。 Upon arriving at the airport，he delivered an important speech.刚到机场，他就发表了重要演讲。 He has nothing to do but lie down and sleep.无事可做，他只能躺下睡觉。9动词find，feel，think，expect，consider，make等后可接不定式作宾语，但宾语后要接形容词或名词作宾语补足语，而且要用it作形式宾语。 He found it difficult to work out the problem. 他发现解决这一问题很难。10可用动词ing，也可用不定式作宾语，但意义区别明显的动词：fogetregrettrygo onremembermean(2009陕西高考)I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺，并记得在那里所看到的一切。 (2012安徽高考)I remembered to lock the door before I left the office，but forgot to turn off the lights.在离开办公室前我记住了关门，但是忘记了关灯。四、非谓语动词作定语1现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。(2013辽宁高考)Laura was away in Paris for over a week.When she got home，there was a pile of mail waiting for her.Laura去巴黎待了一周多的时间。当她返回家的时候，有一大堆邮件等着她(处理)。2过去分词(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作的被动或完成。(2013湖南高考)You cannot accept an opinion offered to you unless it is based on facts.你不能接受别人提供给你的意见，除非它有事实依据。3不定式作定语表未做的事情；动词ing形式作定语表示此动作与被修饰词之间是主动关系；过去分词作定语时表示此动作与被修饰词之间是被动关系或已完成。His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.他下月将要出版的第一本书是以一个真实的故事为依据写的。注意：表示心理状态的动词ing形式，意为“令人的”；动词ed形式，意为“(人)感到的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的look，expression，tears，smile，voice等名词。五、非谓语动词作状语(一)不定式作状语1表目的(2013山东高考)I stopped the car to take a short break as I was feeling tired.由于感到累了，我就停下车稍微休息了一下。2表示结果不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果，动词不定式前面常加only。(2012山东高考)George returned after the war，only to be told that his wife had left him.乔治战后归来，却被告知他的妻子已经离他而去。(二)现在分词作状语现在分词的一般式即doing表示动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生，与句子的主语是主动关系。现在分词的完成式即having done表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。(2013湖南高考)The sun began to rise in the sky，bathing the mountain in golden light.太阳开始在空中升起，使山峦沐浴在金色光辉之中。 (2013新课标卷)I got to the office earlier that day，having caught the 730 train from Paddington.那天我比平时到办公室的时间要早，因为我赶上了730从Paddington来的火车。(2012重庆高考)Having been asked to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film.(被动意义，非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前)我那天晚上因为被要求加班而错过了一场精彩的电影。(三)过去分词作状语过去分词作状语时，与句子主语之间是被动关系。Seen from the top of the mountain，the city is very beautiful.从山顶上看，这座城市很漂亮。Seeing from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful.从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。六、非谓语动词作宾补1感官动词(词组)see，watch，observe，look at，notice，hear，listen to，feel的宾语补足语有四种形式，以see为例：see宾语(2012四川高考)I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.我抬头看，注意到一条蛇正沿树蜿蜒而上，捕捉它的早餐。I heard an English song being sung by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天经过她房间时，我听见一个小女孩正在唱英文歌。(被动，正在进行)I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much.发现我的家乡变化如此之大我感到很惊奇。2使役动词make，let，have，get后加复合宾语的情况：(1)make宾语(2)let宾语Dont let your child play with matches.别让你的孩子玩火柴。(2013陕西高考)Let those in need understand that we will go all out to help them.让那些需要(帮助)的人明白我们会尽全力去帮他们。(3)have宾语(2011陕西高考)Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.Claire在飞机起飞一小时前对行李进行了安检。He had the light burning all night，which made his parents very angry.他让灯亮了整晚，这使他父母很生气。注意：have sth.to do有事情要做；have sb.doing 若用于否定句中，其中have 有“容忍”之意。I wont have you speaking to your dad like that.我不允许你和你父亲那样讲话。Im sorry，I cant go out with you.I have an urgent thing to settle.对不起，我不能与你一起外出，我有一件紧急的事情要处理。(4)get宾语He got me to post the letter for him.他让我替他寄信。The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进起来。(2010辽宁高考)Alexander tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.Alexander试图使他的工作被医学界认可。3withJohn received an invitation to dinner，and with his work finished，he gladly accepted it.约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的工作也干完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。With a lot of difficult problems to settle，the newly elected president is having a hard time.因为有很多难题要解决，这位新任总统的日子不好过。1(2014四川省绵阳市第二次诊断)_how to hold the party for several days，the children finally reached agreement.ADiscussedBDiscussingCTo discussDHaving discussed解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：关于如何举办聚会孩子们讨论了好几天，最终他们达成了一致。the children 和discuss是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词形式，排除A项，再结合句意可知discuss这一动作发生在reached之前，故用现在分词形式的完成式，即Having discussed。答案：D2(2014江西师大附中、鹰潭一中高三联考)Why do you hang that photograph above the fireplace?_visitors of the memorial days of Long March，sir.AReminding BTo remindCReminded DReminds解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：你为什么把那张照片挂在壁炉上？为了提醒参观者缅怀那段长征岁月，先生。根据语境可知此处表示目的，故用动词不定式作目的状语。答案：B3(2014潍坊五校联考)Many trees，flowers and grass_，our newly built school will look even more beautiful.Ato be planted Bbeing plantedCplantingDhaving planted解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：由于要种上许多花草树木，我们新建的学校看上去将更美。因为主句的时态为一般将来时，所以种花草树木的动作应发生在将来，因此非谓语动词用动词不定式，且花草树木与种植之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，故A项正确。答案：A4(2014安徽马鞍山高三两校第二次统考)Unfortunately we rushed the fallen old man to hospital，_that we were responsible for him. Aonly telling Bonly to tell Conly told Donly to be told解析：考查不定式作结果状语。句意为：很不幸，我们迅速把摔倒的老人送到医院，却被告知要对老人(的摔倒)负责。根据句首的Unfortunately可知下文是坏结果，only不定式可作结果状语，表示想不到的不好的结果。答案：D5(2014石家庄市高三模拟)When I got back home I saw a note pinned to the door，_“Sorry to miss you；I will call you later.”Aread Breads Cto read Dreading解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：当我回到家时，我看到门上别着一张纸条，上面写着“很遗憾没有见到你；晚点儿我会打电话给你。”note与read之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用read的现在分词形式。read表示“写着”。答案：D6(2014山东省胶东示范学校二模)More children in Beijing will reach school age next year，_a shortage of primary school teachers in the capital.Acreate Bto create Ccreating Dcreated解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：明年在北京有更多的孩子到了上学的年龄，这导致小学教师短缺。结合句意可知，此处应用动词的ing形式作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。答案：C7(2014济南4月巩固性训练) In my opinion，keeping dogs well_up is advisable for dog owners. Ato tie Bbeing tied Ctied Dto be tied解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：依我看，把狗拴好对狗主人来说是明智之举。分析句子结构可知，空处在句子中作宾语补足语，且tie和dogs之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用tie的过去分词形式，表示状态。答案：C8(2014济南市名校第四次诊断性测试)Despite the governments measures to cool the house market，housing demand in China still grew steadily in the second half of 2012，_a rapid rise in house prices.Aresulted in Bto result inCresulting in Dbeing resulted in解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：虽然政府采取了一些给楼市降温的措施，但2012年下半年中国的住房需求仍然稳步增长，导致房价迅速上涨。根据句意和句子结构可知，result in与2012年下半年中国的住房需求仍然稳步增长构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用动词的ing形式作结果状语。答案：C9(2014四川省绵阳市第三次诊断)_in her favorite skirt，she seemed to be more confident.AHaving dressed BBeing dressedCDressingDDressed解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：穿着她最喜欢的裙子，她看起来更自信了。be dressed in穿着，表示一种状态，所以用过去分词作状语。答案：D10(2014河南省普通高中适应性检测卷一)People spend many years learning about favorite sports and_how to do them well.Apractice BpracticedCpracticing Dto practice解析：考查非谓语动词。spend.(in) doing sth.表示“花费做某事”，根据and可知，空处应与learning并列，作省略了的介词in的宾语，故选C。答案：C11(2014厦门适应性考试)Helena was excited，just as I had imagined，_her lost pet.Afinding BfoundChaving found Dto find解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：正如我所想象的，Helena找到了她丢失的宠物很兴奋。分析句子结构可知，主句为：Helena was excited to find her lost pet.此处用动词不定式表原因。答案：D12(2014东北四市模拟一)What in the world puts you in a really bad mood?_in the traffic for hours. AStuck BBeing stuck CTo be stuck DSticking解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：到底是什么让你心情如此不好？堵车了好几个小时。根据问句中的What可知答句是个省略句，回答了What的内容，故空处应用动名词形式，在句中作主语，stick和I是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用Being stuck。答案：B13(2014甘肃兰州靖远名校高三模拟考试)_about their choices of majors，most firstyear college students feel much stressed.AHaving worriedBWorriedCWorry DTo worry解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：由于担心自己选择的专业，大多数大学一年级的学生感到非常焦虑。这里考查过去分词作原因状语，故选B。答案：B14(2014甘肃兰州、靖远名校高三模拟考试)Our director is out.Ill have her_you on the matter when shes back.Ato contact BcontactingCcontact Dcontacted解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：我们的主管出去了。她回来后我会让她就这件事和你联系的。句中的have是使役动词，表示“让某人做某事”可用have sb.do sth.。答案：C13