初中英语被动语态讲解与练习

初中被动语态语法讲解（一）语态分类英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.（主动）Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.（被动）汉语中常用被“、给、由“、受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。（二）被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。不同时态的被动语态，列表如下：一般现在时：am/is/are+done一般过去时：was/were+done一般将来时：shall/will+bedone一般过去将来时：should/would+bedone现在进行时：am/is/are+being+done过去进行时：was/were+being+done现在完成时：have/has+been+done过去完成时：had+been+done将来完成时：shall/will+havebeen+done过去将来完成时：should/would+havebeen+done注被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态1. 一般现在时：(1)Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.Riceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry.(2)Theschooldoesntallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.Wearenotallowedtoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.2. 一般过去时：(1)Theyagreedonthebuildingofanewcarfactorylastmonth.Thebuildingofanewcarfactorywasagreedonlastmonth.(2)Thestudentsdidntforgethislessonseasily.Hislessonswerenoteasilyforgotten3. 一般将来时：(1)Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.Carswillbesentabroadbysea.(2)Theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool-leavers.Plentyofjobswillbegiventoschool-leavers.4. 过去将来时：(2)Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible.Theworkerstoldmethatthecarwouldbemendedassoonaspossible.5.现在进行时：(1)TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons.Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastedontheradio.(2) Wearepaintingtherooms.Theroomsarebeingpainted.6 .过去进行时：(1)Theworkersweremendingtheroad.Theroadwasbeingmended.(2)Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere.Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear.7 .现在完成时：(1)Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.(2)Hehasbroughthisbookhere.Hisbookhasbeenbroughthere.8 .过去完成时：(1)WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets.WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout.(2) Peoplehadconsideredhimtobeagreatleader.Hehadbeenconsideredtobeagreatleader(四)含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态是由情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成(五)被动语态的使用1 .当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。“Mr.White,thecupwasbrokenafterclass.”2 .突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。TheserecordsweremadebyJohnDenver.ThecupwasbrokenbyPaul.3 .当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in+名词作状语，而代替by短语。ThesecarsweremadeinChina.(六)主动语态变被动语态的方法(1) Myauntinvitedmetoherdinnerparty.主语谓语宾语fIwasinvited(bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty.主语谓语宾语(2) Theschoolsetupaspecialclasstohelppoorreaders.fAspecialclasstohelppoorreaderswassetupintheschool.1 .把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。2 .把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be+过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。3 .把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后,by短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地名词作状语。(七)语态转换时所注意的问题1 .把主动语态变为被动语态点名词，在被动语态中用in+地点时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。2 .含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.、二住思：1 .一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to,如：bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。(1) Thebookwasshowedtotheclass.(2) Mybikewaslenttoher.2 .一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for,如：build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等。(1) Anewskirtwasmadeforme.(2) Themeatwascookedforus.(3) Somecountrymusicwasplayedforus.3.由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：不及物动词+介词，如:agreeto,askfor,laughat,operatedon,listento,lookafter,thinkof,talkabout等。(1) Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.(2) Theproblemissolved.Itneedntbetalkedabout.及物动词+副词：如：bringabout,carryout,findout,giveup,handin,makeout,passon,pointout,putaway,putoff,thinkover,turndown,workout,turnout等。(1) Hisrequestwasturneddown.(2) Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather4.带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：(1) Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.(2) Shetoldustofollowherinstructions.Weweretoldtofollowherinstructions.注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to,但改成被动语态后都带to,这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to的问题。Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.一Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.5 .当主动句的主语是nobody,noone等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为anybody,作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如：Nobodycananswerthisquestion.误：Thequestioncanbeansweredbynobody.正：Thequestioncannotbeansweredbyanybody.6 .当否定句中的宾语是anything,anybody,anyone等不定代词时，在被动句中应将其分别变为nothing,nobody,noone作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。如：Theyhaventdoneanythingtomaketheriverclean.误：Anythinghasntbeendonetomaketheriverclean.正：Nothinghasbeendonetomaketheriverclean.7 .以who为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用bywhom放在句首：Whowrotethestory?误：Whowasthestorywritten?正：Bywhomwasthestorywritten?8 .有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well,badly,easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。如：(1)Theclothwasheseasily.这布很好洗。(2)Thenewproductsellswell.这新产品很畅销。对比：Thebookssellwell.生动句）Thebooksweresoldout.被动句)ThemeatdidntcookweB项句)Themeatwascookedforalongtime.被动句)9 .下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：第一，感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel,look,seem,taste,sound,remain等。(1)Doyoulikethematerial?Yes,itfeelsverysoft.误：Itisfeltverysoft.(2) Thefoodtastesdelicious.误：Thefoodistasteddelicious.(3) Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.误：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.第二，谓语是及物动词leave,enter,reach,suit,have,benefit,lack,own等。如：(1) Heenteredtheroomandgothisbook.误：Theroomwasenteredandhisbookwasgot.(2) Shehadherhandburned.误：Herhandwashadburned.第三，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：takeplace,breakout,belongto,loseheart,consistof,addupto等。如：Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.误：Thefirewasbrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.第四，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalreadyrisen.误：Thesunhadalreadybeenrisen.Aftertheearthquake,fewhousesremained.误：Aftertheearthquake,fewhouseswereremained.第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如：ItaughtmyselfEnglish.误：MyselfwastaughtEnglish.Weloveeachother.误：Eachotherisloved.10.在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：据说Itissaidthat据报导Itisreportedthat据推测Itissupposedthat希望Itishopedthat众所周知Itiswellknownthat普遍认为Itisgenerallyconsideredthat有人建议Itissuggestedthat(1) Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.(2) ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.初中被动语态练习题()1.ThePeoplesRepublicofChina_onOctober1,1949.A. found B. was foundedC. is founded D. was found17 / 17()2.EnglishinCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken()3.ThisEnglishsongbythegirlsafterclass.A. often sings B. often sangC. is often sang D. is often sung()4.ThiskindofcarinJapan.A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismadeA.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused()6.Ourroommustclean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep()7.-Idliketobuythatcoat.-Imsorry.A.itsoldB.itssellingC.ItsbeensoldD.ithadbeensold()8.Anewhouseatthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding()9.ThekeyonthetablewhenIleave.A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft()10.Doctorsineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed()11.Hisnewbooknextmonth.A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished()12.Japaneseineverycountry.A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking()13.Thesepapersyet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten()14.Thesportsmeetbehelduntilnextweek.A.didntB.wontC.isntD.doesnt()15.-Myshoesarewornout.A.Canttheybemended?B.Letmehavealookatit.C.Howmuchdotheycost?D.Canttheymended?()16.thewatchbeenrepairedyet?Ibadlyneedit.A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are()17.thesedesksbeneeded?A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do()18.Whytotalkaboutityesterday?A.didntameetingholdB.wasntameetingheldC.wasntheldameetingD.ameetingwasntheld()19.Whowasthebook?A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby()20.Wheretheseboxesmade?A.wasB.wereC.isD.am()21.Theflowersoften.A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater()22.Thebooksmayfortwoweeks.A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow()23.ThebrokenbikeherebyMrSmith.A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemend()24.Theoldbridgeinmyhometownnextmonth.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willrebuiltC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.aregoingtorebuilt()25.TheplayatthetheatrenextSunday.A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshown()26.TheoldstonebridgenextweekA.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willberebuildC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.willrebuild()27.Nowthesemagazines_inthelibraryforalongtime.A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept()28.ThepotforhotwaterA.used;keepingB.wasused;keepingC.isused;tokeepD.areused;keep()29.TeainthesouthofChina.A.growsB.isgrownC.weregrownD.willgrow()30.Thebridgestwoyearsago.A.isbuiltB.builtC.werebuiltD.wasbuilt()31.WetclothesareoftenupnearafireinrainyweatherA.hangB.hangedC.hangingD.hung()32.Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemustdirtythingsintoit.A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowingC.stoptothrowD.stopfromthrowing()33.TheteapotwaterA.isfilledwithB.filledofC.fullingofD.filled()34.Oldpeoplemustbelookedafterwellandpolitely.A.speaktoB.spokenC.speakD.spokento()35.Oldpeoplemust.A.lookafterwellB.belookedwellafterC.lookedwellafterD.belookedafterwell()36.Newly-bornbabiesinhospital.A.aretakengoodcareB.aretakengoodcareof( .takegoodcareofD.takegoodcare( )37.Theywereatthesuddennoise.A. frighteningB. frightened C. frightenD. frightens( )38.Thesewallsstone.A.aremadeofB.madeofC.aremadeintoD.madeinto()39.JanetosingusanAmericansonglastSaturday.A.calledB.wasaskedC.toldD.wassaid()40.Thepaperstothem.A.wereshownB.showC.shownD.haveshown()41.Thecoathersister.( .madetoB.weremadeforC.wasmadeforD.wasmadeto( )42.IfiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot.A.gaveB.wasgivingC.hadgivenD.wasgiven( )43.Goodcaresuchthings.A.shouldtakeofB.shouldbetakenC.shouldbetakingD.shouldbetakenof()44.Shewillgoodcare.A.take;ofB.betaken;ofC.take;foryouD.betaken;ofyou()45.Theteachermadehimhishomework.A.todoB.doC.didD.done()46.Theboy_streetswithoutpayintheolddays.A.wasmadetocleanB.madecleanC.madetocleanD.wasmadeclean()47.Thesechildrendance.A.wereseentoB.wereseenforC.wereseenD.sawto()48.Thesestoneswell.A.arefittedB.fitC.fitsD.isfitted()49.Thebike500yuan.A.wascostB.costedC.costD.iscosted()50.Theimportantmeetingonacoldmorninglastyear.A.washadB.washeldC.heldD.had()51.GreatchangesinthepasttenyearsinChina.A.tookplaceB.havetakenplaceC.weretakingplaceD.hadtakenplaceA.wasbrokendownB.iswrongC.isbadD.hasbrokendown()53.Greatchangesinourcountryduringthepast20years.A.havehappenedB.happenedC.havebeenhappenedD.werehappened()54.Thewatchhasoftendown.A.satB.lainC.brokenD.fell()55.Pleasepassmeanothercup.Thisone.A.isbrokenB.isbreakingC.brokeD.broken()56.Thestorybooksbythewriterinthe1960s.A.arewrittenB.werewrittenC.arewritingD.werewriting()57.Whattimethedooreveryday?A.does;closedB.does;closeC.is;closedD./;close()58.Canhehimself?A.getdressB.getdressedC.getsdressedD.insteadof()59.Hefellfromhisbikeand.A.ishurtB.getshurtC.gothurtD.hurt()60.Lookout,pleasekeepawayfromthefire,oryourtrouserswill_A.burntB.burnC.burningD.getburn()61.Theappleverysweet.A.istastedB.tasteC.tastesD.aretasting()62.Youmorebeautifulinthelightblueshirt.A.seeB.watchC.lookD.lookat()63.Whatyousaid.likeagoodidea.A.heardB.listenedC.soundD.sounded()64.-WhatdoyouthinkoftheTVplay?-Wonderful.Itisworthasecondtime.A.watchingB.watchedC.seenD.seeing()65.Howdirtythetablesare!Theyneed.A.tocleanB.cleanC.cleaningD.cleaned()66.Thebookisworth.A.seeingB.readingC.seenD.read参考答案：1.1-5BDDDC2.1-6BCBBCA3.1-3ABB4.1-3ABA5.1-3BDB6. 1-3 B A D10. 1-3 B B A14. 1-4 B C B18. 1-3 C C D7.1-3ABA11.1-3BAC15.1-4BDAC19.1-3ACB8.1-5DBBCD12.1-3DDB16. 1-3ABC9. 1-4BADD13. 1-3BAA17. 1-3BCD