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专题一 记叙文专题二 应用文专题三 议论文专题四 说明文模块模块 4 4短文改错短文改错模块模块 4 4短文改错短文改错 考纲解读模块模块4 4 考纲解读考纲解读 高考短文改错是知识和能力的综合测试题高考短文改错是知识和能力的综合测试题型。主要考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语知识型。主要考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语知识的准确性，考查考生的词、句、篇和语法的综的准确性，考查考生的词、句、篇和语法的综合水平。高考短文改错题设置的考点灵活多变，合水平。高考短文改错题设置的考点灵活多变，知识层次多，覆盖面广，包括词法、句法、行知识层次多，覆盖面广，包括词法、句法、行文逻辑以及语篇结构等。文逻辑以及语篇结构等。 命题特点模块模块4 4 命题特点命题特点 从近几年的高考短文改错看，试题具有以下特从近几年的高考短文改错看，试题具有以下特点：点： 1 1选材特点选材特点 短文改错的文体多为第一人称记叙文，也有少短文改错的文体多为第一人称记叙文，也有少数文章为议论文。短文一般在数文章为议论文。短文一般在1010行左右，每行行左右，每行8 81212词，共计词，共计120120词左右。短文改错的语言材料通常词左右。短文改错的语言材料通常取材于考生自己的作品或类似于考生的随笔，且话取材于考生自己的作品或类似于考生的随笔，且话题常见，篇章结构的难易程度符合中学生的认知水题常见，篇章结构的难易程度符合中学生的认知水平，即明白易懂，基本上无生僻的语言障碍和怪、平，即明白易懂，基本上无生僻的语言障碍和怪、偏、难的语句结构。偏、难的语句结构。模块模块4 4 命题特点命题特点 2 2设置特点设置特点 试题的设置特点主要是指考点的分布状况。试题的设置特点主要是指考点的分布状况。短文改错所考查的词类覆盖面广，分布合理。短文改错所考查的词类覆盖面广，分布合理。其重点是从句法、词法和行文逻辑等三个角度其重点是从句法、词法和行文逻辑等三个角度考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语的能力，同时考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语的能力，同时兼顾句型结构、习惯搭配等。有无错、多词、兼顾句型结构、习惯搭配等。有无错、多词、缺词和纠错等四种可能。错词现象主要出现在缺词和纠错等四种可能。错词现象主要出现在名词单复数、动词时态、非谓语动词、连词、名词单复数、动词时态、非谓语动词、连词、模块模块4 4 命题特点命题特点 介词、主谓一致、代词、词形介词、主谓一致、代词、词形( (指应该用动词、指应该用动词、名词还是形容词形式以及平行结构中词的正确名词还是形容词形式以及平行结构中词的正确形式形式) )、冠词；缺词现象主要出现在冠词、冠词；缺词现象主要出现在冠词( (名词名词前前) )、介词、介词( (不及物动词后或固定结构中不及物动词后或固定结构中) )、助动、助动词、不定式符号词、不定式符号toto、连词、语义不完整现象等、连词、语义不完整现象等方面；多词现象主要出现在冠词、介词、助动方面；多词现象主要出现在冠词、介词、助动词、连词、语义重复及行文逻辑等方面。词、连词、语义重复及行文逻辑等方面。模块模块4 4 命题特点命题特点 3 3难度特点难度特点 短文改错试题的难度近年来继续保持平稳，短文改错试题的难度近年来继续保持平稳，以考查考生书面表达中的常见错误为主，以动词、以考查考生书面表达中的常见错误为主，以动词、名词的考查较多，知识覆盖面广。短文改错的句名词的考查较多，知识覆盖面广。短文改错的句子长度也趋于平稳，但几乎每篇都有一个长达子长度也趋于平稳，但几乎每篇都有一个长达2020多个词的句子。多个词的句子。 题型分类模块模块4 4 题型分类题型分类 短文改错的目的是测试考生发现、判断、纠正短文改错的目的是测试考生发现、判断、纠正一些词法、句法以及语篇中的行文逻辑等方面错误一些词法、句法以及语篇中的行文逻辑等方面错误的能力。它既能考查考生的词汇和语法方面的能力，的能力。它既能考查考生的词汇和语法方面的能力，也能考查考生的阅读理解能力。其考查的角度可以也能考查考生的阅读理解能力。其考查的角度可以概括为以下三个方面：概括为以下三个方面： 模块模块4 4 题型分类题型分类 一、一、 词法型词法型 词法的测试包括：定冠词和不定冠词的用法；词法的测试包括：定冠词和不定冠词的用法；名词的单复数和名词所有格；动词的时态、语态、名词的单复数和名词所有格；动词的时态、语态、语气，情态动词和非谓语动词等；人称代词的格、语气，情态动词和非谓语动词等；人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词等的物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词等的用法；介词的搭配；并列连词、从属连词的用法；用法；介词的搭配；并列连词、从属连词的用法；形容词、副词的区别以及比较级和最高级的用法；形容词、副词的区别以及比较级和最高级的用法；固定搭配和习惯用法。固定搭配和习惯用法。 模块模块4 4 题型分类题型分类 例例1 120102010浙江浙江 I noticed Mother I noticed Mother looking at a nearby table occupied by an looking at a nearby table occupied by an elderly woman and young couple.elderly woman and young couple. 【解析解析】 考查冠词的用法。考查冠词的用法。youngyoung之前之前加上加上a a。从下文可知是一对夫妇，所以需加不。从下文可知是一对夫妇，所以需加不定冠词定冠词a a。模块模块4 4 题型分类题型分类 例例2 220102010辽宁辽宁 and she never and she never seemed to care what the rest of us seemed to care what the rest of us thought about her like the rest of my thought about her like the rest of my classmate.classmate. 【解析解析】 考查名词的单复数用法。考查名词的单复数用法。classmateclassmatesclassmateclassmates由语境可知，其他的同由语境可知，其他的同学应该用复数形式。学应该用复数形式。模块模块4 4 题型分类题型分类 例例3 320092009浙江浙江 I stood there and I stood there and couldnt believe in that a complete couldnt believe in that a complete strangerstranger 【解析解析】 考查介词用法。去掉考查介词用法。去掉inin。根据。根据语境，这里应该表示语境，这里应该表示“相信相信”，而不是，而不是“信信任任”。 模块模块4 4 题型分类题型分类 二、二、 句法型句法型 句法的测试包括：主谓语在数上的一致；名句法的测试包括：主谓语在数上的一致；名词性从句；定语从句；强调句型；句子结构的连词性从句；定语从句；强调句型；句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性及逻辑性。贯性、完整性、对等性及逻辑性。模块模块4 4 题型分类题型分类 例例1 20101 2010全国全国 All I had to do was All I had to do was to write a story or present it. My to write a story or present it. My teachers had been telling me how great teachers had been telling me how great my writing was.my writing was. 【解析解析】 考查句意逻辑。考查句意逻辑。oror改为改为andand。oror表选择，表选择，andand表顺接和并列。表顺接和并列。模块模块4 4 题型分类题型分类 例例2 220102010重庆重庆 Here is my idea Here is my idea about how a friend is like.about how a friend is like. 【解析解析】 考查宾语从句的引导词。考查宾语从句的引导词。how how 改为改为what what 。从句中。从句中likelike缺宾语，应由缺宾语，应由whatwhat来引导。来引导。模块模块4 4 题型分类题型分类 例例3 320102010重庆重庆 Whats more, a good Whats more, a good friend is willing to offer the help to friend is willing to offer the help to which you need.which you need. 【解析解析】 考查定语从句。去掉考查定语从句。去掉toto。you you needneed是定语从句，是定语从句，needneed缺少宾语，所以应选择缺少宾语，所以应选择thatthat或或whichwhich或不填。或不填。模块模块4 4 题型分类题型分类 三、三、 语篇型语篇型 语篇的测试包括：上下文中的时态是否一致；语篇的测试包括：上下文中的时态是否一致；上下文中的代词是否一致；上下文中的逻辑是否一上下文中的代词是否一致；上下文中的逻辑是否一致；上下文中的词、词组、从句的替代是否正确。致；上下文中的词、词组、从句的替代是否正确。模块模块4 4 题型分类题型分类 例例1 120102010浙江浙江 “ “I didnt think I didnt think she looked like Grandma.” “Neither did she looked like Grandma.” “Neither did me.” said Mother cheerfully. me.” said Mother cheerfully. 【解析解析】 考查代词的格。考查代词的格。meme改为改为I I。 这是一个倒装句，作主语，应用主格。这是一个倒装句，作主语，应用主格。模块模块4 4 题型分类题型分类 例例2 220102010陕西陕西 My sister wanted get My sister wanted get out of the shop as fast as she could when a out of the shop as fast as she could when a shop assistant came over to us.shop assistant came over to us. 【解析解析】 考查词的遗漏。考查词的遗漏。wantedwanted后加后加 toto。want to do want to do sthsth. .为固定用法。为固定用法。模块模块4 4 题型分类题型分类 例例3 320102010陕西陕西 My sister saw a My sister saw a lovely cup when we are shopping the other lovely cup when we are shopping the other day. She liked it at once. day. She liked it at once. 【解析解析】 考查动词的时态。考查动词的时态。areare改为改为 werewere。时间状语为时间状语为the other day(the other day(不久前某一天；几天不久前某一天；几天以前以前) )，所以应该用一般过去时。，所以应该用一般过去时。模块模块4 4 题型分类题型分类 例例4 420102010海南宁夏海南宁夏 Without a moments Without a moments delay, his neighbor picked up the box but delay, his neighbor picked up the box but announcedannounced：“Ill take them.”Ill take them.” 【解析解析】 考查连词。考查连词。butbut改为改为andand。很显然，。很显然，拿起来和宣布说拿起来和宣布说“我买了我买了”是并列、承接关系，是并列、承接关系，所以要用并列连词所以要用并列连词andand。 应试点睛模块模块4 4 应试点睛应试点睛短文改错一直是考生在应考时失分较多的题型。短文改错一直是考生在应考时失分较多的题型。这主要是因为设错的内容多为学生在平常进行语言这主要是因为设错的内容多为学生在平常进行语言操练时常犯的错误。比如：写作中用到的关键词，操练时常犯的错误。比如：写作中用到的关键词，语言学习中的负迁移现象，容易忽视的虚词、小品语言学习中的负迁移现象，容易忽视的虚词、小品词等。做好短文改错题应注重以下技巧：词等。做好短文改错题应注重以下技巧：模块模块4 4 应试点睛应试点睛 一、谨记答题原则一、谨记答题原则 1 1“规范性规范性”原则：要严格按照示范规定的原则：要严格按照示范规定的符号改错，切勿离开文后的符号改错，切勿离开文后的 10 10 道横线在原文的道横线在原文的字里行间勾勾画画、涂涂改改。要记住字里行间勾勾画画、涂涂改改。要记住“”“”、“”、“”“”、“”分别表示准确无误、错分别表示准确无误、错词纠正、缺词填补、多词删除。切忌用文字说明词纠正、缺词填补、多词删除。切忌用文字说明或用箭头表示。或用箭头表示。模块模块4 4 应试点睛应试点睛 2 2“四不改四不改”原则：单词拼写不改。大原则：单词拼写不改。大小写不改。词序错误不改小写不改。词序错误不改( (应从错词或少词方面应从错词或少词方面考虑考虑) )。标点符号不改。标点符号不改。模块模块4 4 应试点睛应试点睛 3 3“五改动五改动”原则：忠实于原文原则原则：忠实于原文原则( (不不可改变原文的原意可改变原文的原意) )。一对一原则。一对一原则( (一行一错，一行一错，一错一词一错一词) )。错误以改动最少为原则。虚词。错误以改动最少为原则。虚词以添加或者删除为原则。实词以改变形式为原以添加或者删除为原则。实词以改变形式为原则。则。模块模块4 4 应试点睛应试点睛二、二、 规律常见错误规律常见错误 1 1“不一致性不一致性”错误错误主要包括：主、谓语不一致；时态不一致；语态不主要包括：主、谓语不一致；时态不一致；语态不一致；名词的单、复数不一致；代词指代不一致；一致；名词的单、复数不一致；代词指代不一致；搭配不一致等。搭配不一致等。模块模块4 4 应试点睛应试点睛例例1 120102010全国全国 My teachers have My teachers have been telling me how great my writing was. been telling me how great my writing was. 【解析解析】 考查时态一致。考查时态一致。havehave改为改为hadhad。上下文时态要一致，原文的主时态是过去时，上下文时态要一致，原文的主时态是过去时，因此因此havehave也要用相应的过去时态。也要用相应的过去时态。模块模块4 4 应试点睛应试点睛例例2 220102010全国全国 Before her leaving, Before her leaving, I prepared a gift to show my best wishes I prepared a gift to show my best wishes to him.to him. 【解析解析】 考查代词的指代一致。考查代词的指代一致。him him 改改为为herher。根据语境可知，后文的。根据语境可知，后文的himhim其实是指其实是指herher。模块模块4 4 应试点睛应试点睛 例例3 320102010重庆重庆 he will say some he will say some words that is nice and warm. Still, your words that is nice and warm. Still, your happiness makes him happy too.happiness makes him happy too. 【解析解析】 考查主、谓语一致。考查主、谓语一致。isis改为改为areare。thatthat代指先行词代指先行词wordswords，所以谓语动词要用复，所以谓语动词要用复数。数。模块模块4 4 应试点睛应试点睛2 2“行文逻辑行文逻辑”错误错误 这种错误主要是运用行文逻辑，考查连接手段。这种错误主要是运用行文逻辑，考查连接手段。谨记两种句式：并列句谨记两种句式：并列句( (并列连词并列连词) )，复合句，复合句( (从属从属连词连词) )；六种关系：转折关系，选择关系，层递关；六种关系：转折关系，选择关系，层递关系，并列关系，因果关系，同位关系；一种变化：系，并列关系，因果关系，同位关系；一种变化：语义的曲折变化。如：肯定与否定，方位与时空的语义的曲折变化。如：肯定与否定，方位与时空的转移等。转移等。模块模块4 4 应试点睛应试点睛例例1 120102010浙江浙江 After we left, I After we left, I said, “That was very nice of you, Mother. said, “That was very nice of you, Mother. So I didnt think she looked like So I didnt think she looked like Grandma.” “Neither did .” said Mother Grandma.” “Neither did .” said Mother cheerfully. cheerfully. 【解析解析】 考查行文逻辑。考查行文逻辑。So So 改为改为ButBut。根。根据前后语境，此处应表示转折关系。据前后语境，此处应表示转折关系。 模块模块4 4 应试点睛应试点睛 例例2 220092009全国全国 Besides the Besides the bookstore next to our middle school is still bookstore next to our middle school is still there.there. 【解析解析】 考查行文逻辑。考查行文逻辑。Besides Besides 改为改为ButBut。根据前后语境，此处应表示转折关系而非递进关根据前后语境，此处应表示转折关系而非递进关系。系。模块模块4 4 应试点睛应试点睛 例例3 320092009全国全国 So I helped them So I helped them go to the nearest hospital. I stayed here go to the nearest hospital. I stayed here for one and a half hoursfor one and a half hours 【解析解析】 考查行文逻辑。考查行文逻辑。herehere改为改为therethere。根据前后语境可知，这里的方位应是根据前后语境可知，这里的方位应是“那那儿儿”。模块模块4 4 应试点睛应试点睛 3 3“平行结构平行结构”错误错误 平行结构是指两个或更多的词、词组或从句平行结构是指两个或更多的词、词组或从句具有相似或相等的句法功能。在表达相互平行的具有相似或相等的句法功能。在表达相互平行的概念时，要使用相同的语法结构，即动词与动词概念时，要使用相同的语法结构，即动词与动词相配，形容词与形容词相配，分词与分词相配，相配，形容词与形容词相配，分词与分词相配，不定式与不定式相配，短语与短语相配。平行结不定式与不定式相配，短语与短语相配。平行结构经常借助于并列连词构经常借助于并列连词andand，butbut，oror或连词词组或连词词组not onlynot onlybut alsobut also，notnotbutbut，eithereitheroror，neitherneithernornor，as well asas well as等。等。模块模块4 4 应试点睛应试点睛 例例1 1 As we climbed the mountain, we As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. stories. 【解析解析】 考查平行谓语结构。考查平行谓语结构。visitingvisiting改改为为visitedvisited。根据句法，。根据句法，visitingvisiting在时态上应在时态上应和和fed, toldfed, told保持一致。保持一致。模块模块4 4 应试点睛应试点睛 例例2 2Do some nice things for your Do some nice things for your parentsparentslike cooking, doing the dishing, like cooking, doing the dishing, or clean the floors. or clean the floors. 【解析解析】 考查平行宾语结构。考查平行宾语结构。cleanclean改为改为cleaningcleaning。根据句法，。根据句法，cleanclean和和cooking, doingcooking, doing做介词做介词likelike的宾语。的宾语。模块模块4 4 应试点睛应试点睛 例例3 3Charles and Linda Mason do all Charles and Linda Mason do all their things as well as climbed building. their things as well as climbed building. 【解析解析】 考查平行谓语结构。考查平行谓语结构。climbedclimbed改为改为climbclimb。climbclimb和和dodo是由是由as well asas well as连接的平行连接的平行谓语，时态上应保持一致。谓语，时态上应保持一致。模块模块4 4 应试点睛应试点睛 例例4 4On the other hand, 40% think that On the other hand, 40% think that fees should be charged because you need fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers, money to pay gardeners and other workers, and buy plants and young trees.and buy plants and young trees. 【解析解析】 考查平行不定式结构。考查平行不定式结构。buybuy前加前加toto。根据句法，。根据句法，buybuy应和应和to pay gardenersto pay gardeners保保持一致。持一致。模块模块4 4 应试点睛应试点睛 4 4“词性、词形词性、词形”错误错误 主要包括名词的单复数变化、代词的词形变主要包括名词的单复数变化、代词的词形变化以及形容词和副词的词形变化。弄清词性与词化以及形容词和副词的词形变化。弄清词性与词性之间的相互修饰关系。比如：形容词修饰名词，性之间的相互修饰关系。比如：形容词修饰名词，副词修饰形容词、动词、分词等。副词修饰形容词、动词、分词等。模块模块4 4 应试点睛应试点睛 例例1 120102010四川四川 And after many And after many attempts, she past her driving test and attempts, she past her driving test and told her husband thattold her husband that，to release, he was to release, he was going togoing to 【解析解析】 考查考查“词形词形”错误。错误。pastpast改为改为passedpassed。两个词发音上一样，此处做谓语应用。两个词发音上一样，此处做谓语应用passedpassed。模块模块4 4 应试点睛应试点睛 例例2 220102010四川四川 “ “but I still but I still couldnt get used to itin fact, Ive couldnt get used to itin fact, Ive nearly killed three peoples.”nearly killed three peoples.” 【解析解析】 考查考查“词形词形”错误。错误。peoplespeoples改为改为peoplepeople。peoplepeople是集合名词，本身表示复数意义，是集合名词，本身表示复数意义，不需加不需加“s”s”。模块模块4 4 应试点睛应试点睛 例例3 320102010辽宁辽宁 she worn black she worn black sports shoes and a black sweater, although sports shoes and a black sweater, although in the in the summer.Shesummer.She was, in fact, rather was, in fact, rather attractivelyattractively， 【解析解析】 考查考查“词性词性”错误。错误。attractivelyattractively改为改为attractiveattractive。做表语，用形容词。做表语，用形容词。模块模块4 4 应试点睛应试点睛 5 5“动词的变化动词的变化”错误错误 主要包括时态的词形变化、被动语态的词形主要包括时态的词形变化、被动语态的词形变化、非谓语动词的词形变化以及第三人称单数变化、非谓语动词的词形变化以及第三人称单数等。等。模块模块4 4 应试点睛应试点睛 例例1 120102010浙江浙江 “Excuse me “Excuse me，” ” she she said, put her arm around the unhappy old said, put her arm around the unhappy old woman.woman. 【解析解析】 考查非谓语动词。考查非谓语动词。putput改为改为puttingputting。此处是分词短语作伴随状语。此时。此处是分词短语作伴随状语。此时是主谓关系，故用是主谓关系，故用puttingputting。模块模块4 4 应试点睛应试点睛 例例2 220102010浙江浙江 I noticed Mother I noticed Mother looking at a nearby table occupy by an looking at a nearby table occupy by an elderly woman and a young couple.elderly woman and a young couple. 【解析解析】 考查非谓语动词。考查非谓语动词。occupyoccupy改为改为occupiedoccupied。此处是分词短语作后置定语，。此处是分词短语作后置定语，occupy occupy 与与tabletable是被动关系，故应用过去分词。是被动关系，故应用过去分词。模块模块4 4 应试点睛应试点睛 例例3 320102010重庆重庆 After hear your sad After hear your sad stories, he will say some words that are stories, he will say some words that are nice and warm.nice and warm. 【解析解析】 考查非谓语动词。考查非谓语动词。hearhear改为改为hearinghearing。afterafter是介词，后接名词或动词是介词，后接名词或动词 inging形式。形式。模块模块4 4 应试点睛应试点睛 6 6“特殊疑问词特殊疑问词”“”“连词连词”和和“引导词引导词”错误错误 特别是特别是whichwhich和和thatthat引导定语从句、抽象名引导定语从句、抽象名词后面常常跟词后面常常跟thatthat引导的同位语从句等。引导的同位语从句等。模块模块4 4 应试点睛应试点睛 例例1 120102010重庆重庆 Here is my idea Here is my idea about how a friend is like.about how a friend is like. 【解析解析】 考查特殊疑问词。考查特殊疑问词。how how 改为改为whatwhat。由。由whatwhat引导宾语从句，从句中引导宾语从句，从句中likelike缺宾缺宾语。语。模块模块4 4 应试点睛应试点睛 例例2 220092009海南宁夏海南宁夏 No lectures this No lectures this morning so I think Id email you and let morning so I think Id email you and let you know what things are going.you know what things are going. 【解析解析】 考查特殊疑问词。考查特殊疑问词。whatwhat改为改为howhow。句意是如何让对方知道情况的进展，故应用为句意是如何让对方知道情况的进展，故应用为howhow。模块模块4 4 应试点睛应试点睛 7 7“多词多词”错误错误 多词错误一般有如下几种类型：多词错误一般有如下几种类型：1)1)受母语思受母语思维影响，出现汉语式结构，造成冗言；维影响，出现汉语式结构，造成冗言；2)2)不明词不明词义内涵，造成词义重叠；义内涵，造成词义重叠；3)3)介词多余；介词多余；4)4)助动词、助动词、系动词多余；系动词多余；5)5)多冠词；多冠词；6)6)定语从句中的成分重定语从句中的成分重复；复；7)7)程度副词和频率副词，如程度副词和频率副词，如 muchmuch，moremore，oftenoften等的多余；等的多余；8)8)多余小品词多余小品词toto等。等。模块模块4 4 应试点睛应试点睛 例例1 120102010浙江浙江 The woman smiled The woman smiled happily as she accepted to it.happily as she accepted to it. 【解析解析】 考查多余小品词。去掉考查多余小品词。去掉toto。acceptaccept是及物动词，其后直接接名词或代是及物动词，其后直接接名词或代词作宾语。词作宾语。模块模块4 4 应试点睛应试点睛 例例2 220102010辽宁辽宁 I never knew much I never knew much about her except for that she was strange. about her except for that she was strange. 【解析解析】 考查多余介词。去掉考查多余介词。去掉forfor。except except thatthat直接接宾语从句，无需再用直接接宾语从句，无需再用for for 模块模块4 4 应试点睛应试点睛 例例3 3David pointed to a path which it David pointed to a path which it he thought would probably lead to a he thought would probably lead to a village. village. 【解析解析】 考查语义重叠。去掉考查语义重叠。去掉 itit。itit与其与其前的关系代词前的关系代词 which which 语义重复。语义重复。模块模块4 4 应试点睛应试点睛 8 8“缺词缺词”错误错误 缺词现象常见有：缺词现象常见有：1)1)缺系动词；缺系动词；2) 2) 缺介词；缺介词；3) 3) 缺冠词、物主代词等限定词；缺冠词、物主代词等限定词；4) 4) 在定语从句在定语从句中缺关系代词或关系副词；中缺关系代词或关系副词；5) 5) 缺连接词；缺连接词； 6) 6) 缺否定词；缺否定词； 7) 7) 缺不定式符号缺不定式符号toto等。等。模块模块4 4 应试点睛应试点睛 例例1 120102010全国全国 So if they had So if they had said was true, I would have a chance of said was true, I would have a chance of winning the prize.winning the prize. 【解析解析】 考查连接词的缺失。考查连接词的缺失。ifif后加后加whatwhat。whatwhat引导主语从句，在句中意为引导主语从句，在句中意为“的话的话”。模块模块4 4 应试点睛应试点睛 例例2 220102010四川四川 “Well, it is all “Well, it is all because of the business of driving on because of the business of driving on right.” She said.right.” She said. 【解析解析】 考查冠词的缺失。考查冠词的缺失。rightright前加前加thethe。方位名词前要加定冠词方位名词前要加定冠词thethe。模块模块4 4 应试点睛应试点睛 例例3 3The World Health Organization and The World Health Organization and other organizations are working improve other organizations are working improve health all over the world. health all over the world. 【解析解析】 考查词的缺失。考查词的缺失。improveimprove前加前加 toto。to improveto improve此处是不定式短语作目的状语。此处是不定式短语作目的状语。 模块模块4 4 应试点睛应试点睛 三、三、 尊重解题步骤尊重解题步骤 1 1通读全文，掌握大意通读全文，掌握大意 短文改错不同于单句改错，它涉及行文逻短文改错不同于单句改错，它涉及行文逻辑及句子与句子间必要的联系错误。单独看可辑及句子与句子间必要的联系错误。单独看可能是对的，但从整体看可能上下文不符。做短能是对的，但从整体看可能上下文不符。做短文改错时应该树立整体意识，应从短文整体入文改错时应该树立整体意识，应从短文整体入手，因为短文改错题实际上间接地考查学生的手，因为短文改错题实际上间接地考查学生的文意理解和纠错能力，所以考生必须在阅读并文意理解和纠错能力，所以考生必须在阅读并模块模块4 4 应试点睛应试点睛且在理解了文章的基础上去发现并改正错误。且在理解了文章的基础上去发现并改正错误。因此，事先应该先快速粗读一遍短文，留心文因此，事先应该先快速粗读一遍短文，留心文中关键的词句，把握文章的大意及上下文之间中关键的词句，把握文章的大意及上下文之间的联系，为下一步判断和改错奠定基础。的联系，为下一步判断和改错奠定基础。模块模块4 4 应试点睛应试点睛 2 2整句理解，逐行分析整句理解，逐行分析 因为短文改错题的特征是分行设置错误因为短文改错题的特征是分行设置错误的，而不是以句子为一个单位设置错误的。的，而不是以句子为一个单位设置错误的。所以考生在进行改错时必须在通读全文的基所以考生在进行改错时必须在通读全文的基础上，对照上下文逐行逐字细读，分行判断，础上，对照上下文逐行逐字细读，分行判断，理清句意，找出上下文之间的内在联系及其理清句意，找出上下文之间的内在联系及其行文逻辑关系，检查句子的结构是否完整。行文逻辑关系，检查句子的结构是否完整。总之，在分析句子过程中，考生应对每总之，在分析句子过程中，考生应对每模块模块4 4 应试点睛应试点睛句话的句子成分进行分析，根据上文讲的错句话的句子成分进行分析，根据上文讲的错误类型确定主谓是否一致、动宾结构搭配是误类型确定主谓是否一致、动宾结构搭配是否合理、时态语态是否正确、非谓语动词的否合理、时态语态是否正确、非谓语动词的形式是否正确、是否多词或少词、句子与句形式是否正确、是否多词或少词、句子与句子之间的逻辑关系是否正确以及上下文的意子之间的逻辑关系是否正确以及上下文的意思是否连贯。思是否连贯。模块模块4 4 应试点睛应试点睛 3 3复读全文，检查核对复读全文，检查核对 回头重读全文验证答案，将初步改错的短文回头重读全文验证答案，将初步改错的短文再次细读。在复读检查过程中，特别是上下文的再次细读。在复读检查过程中，特别是上下文的联系，既要重视文字、句子的字面意思，又要弄联系，既要重视文字、句子的字面意思，又要弄清文字段落的内在含义和内在逻辑关系及篇章结清文字段落的内在含义和内在逻辑关系及篇章结构。看错误类型的比例是否得当、前后逻辑是否构。看错误类型的比例是否得当、前后逻辑是否一致、有无前后矛盾等现象。一致、有无前后矛盾等现象。专题一专题一 记叙文记叙文 真题再现专题一专题一 真题再现真题再现 20102010全国全国 Christie was one of my best friend at Christie was one of my best friend at high school. 1._high school. 1._At that time, we often spend time together. At that time, we often spend time together. 2._ 2._Thank to her help, I made great progress in Thank to her help, I made great progress in my 3._my 3._study. Last year, she decided to study abroad. study. Last year, she decided to study abroad. In 4._In 4._专题一专题一 真题再现真题再现other words, we would be separated for other words, we would be separated for long time. 5._long time. 5._Before her leaving off, I prepared a gift Before her leaving off, I prepared a gift to show 6._to show 6._my best wishes to him. She said it was the my best wishes to him. She said it was the best 7._best 7._专题一专题一 真题再现真题再现gift she has ever had. From then on, gift she has ever had. From then on, weve 8._weve 8._kept touch with each other through emails. kept touch with each other through emails. I 9._I 9._look forward to see her again in the near look forward to see her again in the near future. 10._future. 10._专题一专题一 真题再现真题再现参考答案：参考答案： 1 1friendfriendsfriendfriendsone of one of 后接名词复后接名词复数。数。 2 2spendspentspendspentat that timeat that time表示过去表示过去发生的事情。发生的事情。 3 3ThankThanksThankThanksthanks to thanks to 是固定短语，是固定短语，“多亏了，因为多亏了，因为”。 4 4 5 5forfor后加后加a a专题一专题一 真题再现真题再现 6 6去掉去掉offoffleave leave 已经表示离开之意，已经表示离开之意，offoff多余。多余。 7 7himherhimher代词使用要一致。代词使用要一致。 8 8hashadhashad时态错误，应为过去完成时。时态错误，应为过去完成时。 9 9keptkept后加后加inin 10 10seeseeingseeseeinglook forward tolook forward to中的中的toto是介词，后接动词时要用动名词形式。是介词，后接动词时要用动名词形式。 专题预测专题一专题一 专题预测专题预测 ( (一一) ) My classmates and I worked as volunteer My classmates and I worked as volunteer in Beijing 1._in Beijing 1._Paralympics in September 13.Early in the Paralympics in September 13.Early in the morning at 7morning at 7：2020， 2._2._we gathered at the National Stadium, namely we gathered at the National Stadium, namely the Birds Nest. 3._the Birds Nest. 3._Then we got into it and ten minutes late, we Then we got into it and ten minutes late, we started to do 4._started to do 4._专题一专题一 专题预测专题预测some some cleaning.Fromcleaning.From 9 9：00 am to 400 am to 4：00 pm, we 00 pm, we tried our best help 5._tried our best help 5._the disabled athletes to get ready for the disabled athletes to get ready for their competitions, leading the their competitions, leading the 6._ 6._audience to their seats and keep audience to their seats and keep order.Itorder.It was until 12was until 12：00 am that we 00 am that we 7._ 7._专题一专题一 专题预测专题预测had lunch and took a rest, which last had lunch and took a rest, which last about an about an hour.Wehour.We stopped stopped 8._ 8._working at 4working at 4：00 00 pm.Thoughpm.Though it was a tired it was a tired job, we felt 9._job, we felt 9._that it an honor to serve the disabled that it an honor to serve the disabled friends from all over the world. friends from all over the world. 10._ 10._专题一专题一 专题预测专题预测参考答案：参考答案： ( (一一) ) 1 1volunteervolunteersvolunteervolunteers2.inon2.inon 3.4 3.4latelaterlatelater5.help5.help前加前加toto 6.leadinglead 6.leadinglead 7 7在在untiluntil前加前加 notnot8.lastlasted8.lastlasted 9.tiredtiring 9.tiredtiring 10 10去掉去掉thatthat或在或在itit后加后加waswas专题一专题一 专题预测专题预测 ( (二二) ) My birthday is coming. Father asked me My birthday is coming. Father asked me how I would 1._how I would 1._want as my birthday present. I told him I want as my birthday present. I told him I need no present but 2._need no present but 2._a party. Father said OK. When I recited a party. Father said OK. When I recited the name of my seventhe name of my seven 3._ 3._friends I planned to invite, he wondered friends I planned to invite, he wondered why his guest list didntwhy his guest list didnt 4._ 4._专题一专题一 专题预测专题预测include my new neighbor Tom. I told him I include my new neighbor Tom. I told him I didnt like to be withdidnt l
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