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Chapter 1 WaterstreamThe clouds are floating in the sky.Water freezes at 0 degrees centigrade.tapsinkdrainpipessewagesewage plantwater treatment works1 drain:1 drain: a pipe or tube to let waste water flow away a pipe or tube to let waste water flow away2 faint:2 faint: that you cannot hear/see/smell clearly that you cannot hear/see/smell clearly3 freeze:3 freeze: become ice of solid; stop moving suddenly become ice of solid; stop moving suddenly4 impatient:4 impatient: angry at having to wait angry at having to wait5 nod:5 nod: move your head up and down to move your head up and down to show agreement show agreement6 plant:6 plant: building with machines in in building with machines in in7 precious:7 precious: very valuable very valuable8 pump:8 pump: push by machine push by machine9 relax:9 relax: rest from work rest from work10 sewage10 sewage: dirty water and waste matter: dirty water and waste matter11 sink11 sink: a fixed basin for washing hands and face: a fixed basin for washing hands and face12 speed12 speed: move quickly: move quickly13 thorough13 thorough: complete: complete14 treatment14 treatment: something done to change : something done to change a thing/person a thing/person15 vanish15 vanish: disappear: disappear16 view16 view: what you can see from a place or a position: what you can see from a place or a position17 weird17 weird: strange: strange Fill in the blanks with proper words.Fill in the blanks with proper words.1 1 He always thinks differently from others, so He always thinks differently from others, so many many neighboursneighbours think he is a _man. think he is a _man.2 2 I bought a set of postcards with different I bought a set of postcards with different _ of London._ of London.3 3 The doctor gave him a _ The doctor gave him a _ examination before telling him the problem.examination before telling him the problem.4 4 After a day of hard work, I need to stay at After a day of hard work, I need to stay at home and _ myself.home and _ myself.5 5 He _ to show that he agreed with me.He _ to show that he agreed with me.wierdviewsthoroughrelaxnodded Fill in the blanks with proper words.Fill in the blanks with proper words.6 We had to call a plumber to fix the blocked 6 We had to call a plumber to fix the blocked _._.7 He was so weak that he could only speak in 7 He was so weak that he could only speak in a _ voice.a _ voice.8 The train was an hour late and the 8 The train was an hour late and the passagerspassagers became _. became _.9 Nothing is more _than 9 Nothing is more _than frendshipfrendship and love.and love.10 Can you help me to _the water form 10 Can you help me to _the water form the well?the well?drainfaintimpatientpreciouspump Fill in the blanks with proper words.Fill in the blanks with proper words.11 The land itself _(up) in such low 11 The land itself _(up) in such low temperatures.temperatures.12 You must put on your coat! Its _ 12 You must put on your coat! Its _ outside!outside!1313 Water goes to a water _plant Water goes to a water _plant before it comes to our home.before it comes to our home.1414 He is _ dangerously in his car. He is _ dangerously in his car.1515 When the _ closed down, many When the _ closed down, many factory workers lost their jobs.factory workers lost their jobs.freezesfreezingtreatmentspeedingplantPeter is talking to Judy about the story. He wants to find out the reasons for some things. Read what Peter says and complete Judys reasons. Put one word in each blank.1 Why was the voice impatient?1 Why was the voice impatient? BecauseBecause Daisy was Daisy was wasting waterwasting water. .2 Why did Daisy nod her head?2 Why did Daisy nod her head? BecauseBecause she she knew where the knew where the DongjiangDongjiang River River was.was.3 Why did the water go to a treatment 3 Why did the water go to a treatment works?works? BecauseBecause it it was dirty after itswas dirty after its journey. journey.4 Why did the water say, “ I will be back in 4 Why did the water say, “ I will be back in the sea again?the sea again?BecauseBecause it it came fromcame from the sea the sea in the firstin the first place.place.5 Why did the water say it was like liquid 5 Why did the water say it was like liquid gold?gold? Because Because it believed that it believed that it was preciousit was precious. .6 Why did Daisys brother think she was6 Why did Daisys brother think she was weird? weird? Because Because she said, she said, I was talking toI was talking to the water. the water. The map on the The map on the right shows the right shows the waters journey. waters journey. Read the article Read the article and mark the and mark the names of the names of the different places different places on the map.on the map.How many places did the drop of water travel?What did it do or what was done to it there?Read the text carefully and finish the chart about the waters journey.Where?What was done there?1 In Yunan2 mountain-DongjiangRiver3 reservoir4 water treatment works125 under the street6 bathroom7 a sewage plant1 2 8 the seawill rise from the sea to the skyfloated comfortably in a clouddropped into a stream and sped downrelaxed for a few daysgiven a thorough cleaninga few chemicals were addedtraveled in the pipescame out of the tapcleaned uppumped into the riverWATER WAS POURING INTO THE SINK AND VANISHING DOWN THE DRAIN.Look at the pictures and find a sentence from the text:I WAS FLOATING COMFORTABLY IN A CLOUD IN YUNNAN.I WAS DROPPED INTO A STEAM BY THE CLOUD.I WAS CARRIED TO A RESERVOIR.I RELAXED THERE FOR A FEW DAYS.I WAS GIVEN A THOROUGH CLEANING.1 1 刷牙刷牙2 2关水龙头关水龙头3 3四周看四周看4 4欣赏风景欣赏风景5 5飞流下山飞流下山6 6水厂水厂7 7彻底清洁彻底清洁8 8添加添加9 9污水处理厂污水处理厂1010 最初最初1 brush one1 brush ones teeths teeth2 turn the tap off/ 2 turn the tap off/ turn off the tap turn off the tap3 look round/ look around3 look round/ look around4 enjoy the view4 enjoy the view5 speed down the mountain5 speed down the mountain6 water treatment works6 water treatment works7 a thorough cleaning7 a thorough cleaning8 add to8 add to9 9a sewage planta sewage plant1010 in the first place in the first place1111旅行的结束旅行的结束12 12 液体金子液体金子1313等一会等一会1414摇头摇头15 15 一升液体一升液体16 16 从出来从出来1717从下水道消失从下水道消失1818是的时候了是的时候了11 the end of the journey11 the end of the journey12 liquid gold12 liquid gold13 wait a minute13 wait a minute14 shake one14 shake ones heads head15 a 15 a litrelitre of liquid of liquid16 come out of16 come out of17 vanish down the drain17 vanish down the drain18 It18 Its time to dos time to do123456781Hi! I am a one-1Hi! I am a one-yuanyuan coin! I was born in a coin! I was born in a mint. That is where new money is made. mint. That is where new money is made. I was lovely and shiny then. I was with I was lovely and shiny then. I was with lots of other coins.lots of other coins.2 They put me in a bag and took me to a 2 They put me in a bag and took me to a bank. I sat in that bag at the bank for a bank. I sat in that bag at the bank for a few days.few days.3 Then a cashier at the bank gave 3 Then a cashier at the bank gave me to a customer. He needed me to a customer. He needed some bags of coins for his shop.some bags of coins for his shop.4 That man had a cake shop. He gave 4 That man had a cake shop. He gave me to a woman. She was buying me to a woman. She was buying some cakes. She gave him 50 some cakes. She gave him 50 yuanyuan. . I I wqaswqas part of her change. part of her change.5 That woman put me in her purse. 5 That woman put me in her purse. But later, she dropped her purse on But later, she dropped her purse on the ground, and I rolled away. She the ground, and I rolled away. She found her other money, but she did found her other money, but she did not find me.not find me.6 I stayed on the road for a long time. I 6 I stayed on the road for a long time. I got very dirty. Then an old man found got very dirty. Then an old man found me. He was very happy to see me!me. He was very happy to see me!7 The old man took me to a food stall. 7 The old man took me to a food stall. He bought some food and gave me to He bought some food and gave me to your mother. She gave me to you as your mother. She gave me to you as pocket money.pocket money.8 Then you washed me to make me 8 Then you washed me to make me clean again. I felt so happy that I clean again. I felt so happy that I decided to tell you my story!decided to tell you my story!概念理解概念理解 谓语动词的语态表示句子的主语和谓语动作之间的关系。 （1）当句子的主语是谓语动作的执行者时，主、谓之间的关系称为主动语态； （2）当句子的主语是谓语动作的承受者时，主、谓之间的关系称为被动语态。例如：He teaches us English. （主动语态）他教我们英语。Our English is taught by him. （被动语态）我们的英语是由他教的。He speaks English. （主动语态）他说英文。English is spoken in many countries all over the world. （被动语态）世界许多国家都讲英语。 在被动语态的句子中，谓语部分的结构是be + 过去分词。被动语态的句子有时态的变化，这个变化反映在be动词上。也就是说，把一个句子做成被动语态的句子，只需要写出be动词的所需时态，再加上所给动词的过去分词就行了。当然，这只是指谓语部分而言。我们知道，be动词作为一个独立的谓语动词有自己现在分词（being）和过去分词 （been）。那么，下面我们来看看be在各种时态中的变化形式：被动语态的结构被动语态的结构主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态被动语态否定式被动语态否定式一般现在时一般现在时I tellI am toldI am not told一般过去时一般过去时I toldI was toldI was not told一般将来时一般将来时I will tellI will be toldI wont be told现在进行时现在进行时Im tellingI am being toldI am not being told现在完成时现在完成时I have toldI have been toldI havent been told例如：例如： 1. English is spoken in New Zealand. 2. I wasnt invited, but Ive come anyway. 3. It is going to be made by him. 4. He will be told later on. 5.The building has been built for three years.6.The dishes can be washed in half an hour.7. My car is being repaired.English is spoken in many countries all over the world .（一般现在时）世界上许多国家都讲英文。Some TV sets for sale in the department store were stolen last night. （一般过去时）那家商场用来出售的部分电视机昨晚被盗。He wont be allowed to marry Larra by his father. （一般将来时）他父亲不会让他娶拉拉为妻的。They would be sent to the army when they finished the training. （过去将来时）他们结束训练时将被派往部队。The project is being carried out.（现在进行时）这个计划正在执行中。The case was being investigated then.（过去进行时）那时这案子正在调查中。This novel has been translated into several languages. （现在完成时）这本小说已被译成了几种语言。They said that production costs had been reduced.（过去完成时）他们说生产成本已经下降了。一般来说，在我们日常生活中，能用主动语态的时候就尽量不去用被动语态。只有在下列情况中我们才用被动语态：(1) 不清楚动作的执行者是谁, 例如:The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天，教室的前窗被打破了。(2) 说话人对宾语的兴趣大于对主语的兴趣（这时可用by引导 出动作的执行者），例如： My TV set is being repaired in the shop. 我的电视机正在这店里修。(3) 出于修辞的原因，或是说为了更好地安排句子。几种特殊的被动结构几种特殊的被动结构 (1) 关于带情态动词的被动结构 带情态动词的被动结构的固定句式为“情态动词 + be + 过去分词”。例如：The debt must be paid off before next month. 那笔债务必须在下个月前付清。Oil can be turned into energy by burning it. 油经过燃烧可变为能源。(2) 关于带有两个宾语的主动态变成被动态 我们先来看看“带有两个宾语的主动态句子的结构”，重点看谓语部分 ： She sent me a novel on my birthday . 主 谓 间接宾语 直接宾语 状语 I allowed him an hour to finish the work . 主 谓 间接宾语 直接宾语 状语She sent me a novel on my birthday. (主动) I was sent a novel on my birthday. (被动)A novel was sent to me on my birthday. (被动)My brother bought me a watch yesterday. (主动) I was bought a watch yesterday. (被动)A watch was bought for me by my brother yesterday.(被动)几种特殊的被动结构几种特殊的被动结构 (3) 关于带有复合宾语的主动态变成被动态 如果将带有复合宾语（既：宾语 + 宾语补足语）的主动态的句子变成被动态的句子，我们只能选择原来句子的宾语作被动态句子的主语例如：The story made us laugh .We were made to laugh by the story. They asked me to help them. I was asked to help them. We saw them coming over. They were seen coming over. 几种特殊的被动结构几种特殊的被动结构 巩固练习巩固练习( ) 1The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949. A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found ( ) 2 English _ in Canada. A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken ( ) 3 This English song_ by the girls after class. A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung( ) 4 This kind of car _ in Japan. A. makes B. made C. is making D. is made( ) 5 New computers _ all over the world. A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have usedBDDDC( ) 1 Our room must _ clean. A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep ( ) 2 -Id like to buy that coat. -Im sorry. _. A. it sold B. its selling C. Its been sold D. it had been sold ( ) 3 A new house _ at the corner of the road. A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building( ) 4 The key _ on the table when I leave. A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left( ) 5 Doctors _ in every part of the world. A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need( ) 6 His new book_ next month. A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been publishedBCBBCA 主动语态改被动语态的原则主动语态改被动语态的原则1. 主动句主动句= 主语主语 + 及物动词及物动词 + 宾语宾语被动句被动句= 主语主语 +be + p.p.+ by 宾语宾语e.g.HelovesherSheis lovedby him.Mary wrote two letters. Two letters were written by Mary. 主动语态改被动语态步骤如下：主动语态改被动语态步骤如下：（1）主动句的）主动句的宾语宾语变成被动句的变成被动句的主语主语。（如为代词改为主格）。（如为代词改为主格）（2）将主动句的）将主动句的动词动词改为改为 be + p.p 。被动句的。被动句的 be 动词时态同于动词时态同于 及物动词的时态，及物动词的时态，be 动词的人称、数同于被动句的人称、数。动词的人称、数同于被动句的人称、数。（3）主动句的）主动句的主语主语，置于，置于 by 之后。（如为代词改为宾格）之后。（如为代词改为宾格） 被动语态的句型：被动语态的句型：(1) 肯定句肯定句 The room is cleaned by us everyday.(2) 否定句否定句 The room is not cleaned by us every day.(3) 疑问句疑问句 Is the room cleaned every day?(4) 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 What is the dress made of?1.“ S + V. + O1 + O2 ” 的被动语态：的被动语态： My husband gave me a ring. I was given a ring by my husband.A ring was given to me by my husband.2. 含含“感官或使役动词感官或使役动词”的被动语态：的被动语态：主语主语 + be seen heard + to do felt made I saw him enter the room.= He was seen to enter the room.I made him go.= He was made to go (by me).3. 带补足语句子的被动语态：带补足语句子的被动语态：They call him Bob. = He is called Bob (by him).4. 不及物动词不及物动词+介词介词=及物动词的被动语态：及物动词的被动语态：Mary laughed at me. = I was laughed at by Mary.She took care of the children.= The children were took care of by her.1. People have put back parts of 1. People have put back parts of statues together.statues together.Parts of statues Parts of statues have been have been putput back together. back together.2. People have replaced the missing 2. People have replaced the missing pieces.pieces.The missing pieces The missing pieces have have been replacedbeen replaced. .3. He has invited the famous scientist to give a speech. The famous scientist has been has been invitedinvited to give a speech.4. They have spent all the money. The money has all been spenthas all been spent by them. CHANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO PASSIVE VOICE: 1. Tom broke the window. 2. The teacher praised her. 3. They speak English in this country. 4. Hemingway wrote the book The old Man and the Sea. 5. When will they build the new school? 6. They will open the new supermarket in two weeks time. 7. The firemen put out the fire. 8. The little girl picked up the wallet. 9. An old man is looking after the house. 10. People sometimes make fun of him. 1. The window was broken by Tom. 2. She was praised by the teacher. 3. English is spoken in this country. 4. The book The old Man and the Sea was written by Hemingway. 5. When will the new school be built? 6. The new supermarket will be opened in two weeks time. KEYS:7. The fire was put out by the firemen.8. The wallet was picked up by the little girl.9. The house is being looked after by an old man.10. He is sometimes made fun of. 将下列句子翻译成英语：那棵大树被风刮倒了。这个班由布朗先生教英语这篇文章是他写的吗？你会得到老师们的帮助电影放映之前，票已经全部售出所有的问题都必须回答吗？ 将下列句子翻译成英语：The big tree was blown down by the wind.2 The class is taught English by Mr. Brown.3 Was the article written by him?4 You will be helped by the teachers.5 All the tickets had (been) sold out before the film began.6 Must all the questions be answered?
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