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会计学1大学英语大学英语2册册7单元练习答案单元练习答案BOOK 2 - Unit 7 - Listening Task - After Listening4. English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race, which, of course, isnt a race at all.reflects the creativity of the human race第1页/共34页BOOK 2 - Unit 7 - Comprehension - Content QuestionsOne of you asks the first six questions and the other answers. Starting from Question 7, change roles. When you have finished, the teacher may want to put some of the questions to you to check your progress.1. Why does English today have a much larger vocabulary than any other living language? How large is it?It has borrowed and is still borrowing massively from other languages. Today it has an estimated vocabulary of over one million words. 2. What is the attitude of the French toward borrowing from other languages? What do they do to preserve the purity of their It has borrowed and is still borrowing massively from other languages. Today it has an estimated vocabulary of over one million words.第2页/共34页BOOK 2 - Unit 7 - Comprehension - Content Questionslanguage?They dont like borrowing foreign words. They try to ban words from English. 3. What makes up the core of the English language?Old English or Anglo Saxon English. 4. Who brought it to the British Isles? And when?The Germanic tribes brought it to the British Isles in the 5th century. They dont like borrowing foreign words. They try to ban words from English.Old English or Anglo Saxon English.The Germanic tribes brought it to the British Isles in the 5th century.第3页/共34页BOOK 2 - Unit 7 - Comprehension - Content Questions5. What are the characteristics of the words that form the core of English?They are usually short and direct. 6. What do great speakers of English do when they want to arouse peoples emotions?They use words derived from Old English. 7. How was the Indo-European parent language discovered?An English judge in India noticed that several words in Sanskrit closely resembled some words in Greek and Latin. A systematic study later revealed the IndoEuropean parent language. They are usually short and direct.They use words derived from Old English.An English judge in India noticed that several words in Sanskrit closely resembled some words in Greek and Latin. A systematic study later revealed the IndoEuropean parent language.第4页/共34页BOOK 2 - Unit 7 - Comprehension - Content Questions8. Which modern languages are the descendants of the Indo-European parent language?Greek, Latin, Sanskrit, English, etc. 9. What happened to English when the Normans conquered England?There were three languages competing for use in England. 10. How did the European Renaissance influence the English language?Words from Greek and Roman classics came into the English language. Greek, Latin, Sanskrit, English, etc.There were three languages competing for use in England.Words from Greek and Roman classics came into the English language.第5页/共34页BOOK 2 - Unit 7 - Comprehension - Content Questions11. Explain the sentence The first shoots sprang up in England, and they grew stronger in America.The great principles of freedom and the rights of man were born in England, then the Americans carried them forward. 12. Is there any need to worry about the purity of the English language in the opinion of the author? Why or why not?No. English is and has always been the tongue of the common people. There should not be any fence around it to protect its so called purity.The great principles of freedom and the rights of man were born in England, then the Americans carried them forward.No. English is and has always been the tongue of the common people. There should not be any fence around it to protect its so called purity.第6页/共34页BOOK 2 - Unit 7 - Comprehension - Text Organization1. The text can be divided into three parts. Now write down the main idea of each part.Part One Paras. 1-3 Massive borrowing from other languages is a major feature of the English language.Part Two Paras. 4-16 The history of the English language from the Indo-European parent language to modern English.Part Three Paras. 17-19 Tolerance, love of freedom, and respect for the rights of others these qualities in the English-peaking people explain the richness of their language.Massive borrowing from other languages is a major feature of the English language.The history of the English language from the Indo-European parent language to modern English.Tolerance, love of freedom, and respect for the rights of others these qualities in the English-peaking people explain the richness of their language.第7页/共34页BOOK 2 - Unit 7 - Comprehension - Text Organization2. List, in order of time, the important historical events mentioned in Part Two that have had a great impact on the formation of todays English.Main EventsParas. 4-9 The introduction of the Indo-European language-the parent language of EnglishParas. 10-11 Germanic tribes came to settle in Britain and brought Anglo-Saxon words Old English.Para. 12 The Christian religion enriched English with words from Greek and Latin.Germanic tribes came to settle in Britain and brought Anglo-Saxon words -old English.The Christian religion enriched English with words from Greek and Latin.第8页/共34页BOOK 2 - Unit 7 - Comprehension - Text OrganizationPara. 13 The Vikings from Scandinavia came with words from Old Norse. Para. 14 The Norman Conquest French influence.Para. 15 The European Renaissance and the printing press brought many new words from Latin and Greek.Para. 16 The American revolution the emergence of a new variety American English.The Vikings from Scandinavia came with words from Old Norse.The Norman Conquest French influence.The European Renaissance and the printing press brought many new words from Latin and Greek.The American revolution the emergence of a new variety American English.第9页/共34页BOOK 2 - Unit 7 - Language Focus - Vocabulary1. Fill in the gaps with words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.1) Strictly speaking he is not a southerner. His biography reveals that, though born in the south, he spent a good part of his childhood years in New England.2) Right after the Spring Festival, millions of young people drifted from the countryside to the cities to look for work and explore the world.3) It is obvious that Tom resembles his father both in appearance and in character.Strictly speakingdriftedresembles第10页/共34页BOOK 2 - Unit 7 - Language Focus - Vocabulary4) There is clear evidence that Japan committed many serious crimes against the Chinese people when it invaded China during the Second World War.5) Medical scientists expect it will be many years before cancer is conquered.6) The novel has a fascinating plot. This explains why it has remained number one on the best-seller list for so long.7) He must have been very busy these days. He does not go out for lunch but eats a snack in the office.invadedis conqueredfascinatingsnack第11页/共34页BOOK 2 - Unit 7 - Language Focus - Vocabulary8) To settle the controversy, we have to put all these different theories into practice to see which one works better.9) The information is supposed to have come from a reliable source.10) We rarely have such terrible weather. The climate here is usually very mild and everything thrives in this region.11) People felt relieved when the invaders finally put down their arms and surrendered.putinto practicesourceclimatesurrendered第12页/共34页BOOK 2 - Unit 7 - Language Focus - Vocabulary12) Our suspicions were first aroused when the two other parties made a deal behind our backs.werearoused第13页/共34页BOOK 2 - Unit 7 - Language Focus - Vocabulary2. Rewrite each sentence with the word or phrase in brackets, keeping the same meaning. The first part has been written for you.1) In the United States, private cars are not a luxury. People absolutely need them.In the United States, private cars are an absolute necessity rather than a luxury. (necessity)2) Everyone thinks that the new member is valuable to the football team.Everyone thinks that the new member is a valuable addition to the football team. (addition)an absolute necessity rather than a luxuryis a valuable addition to the football team第14页/共34页BOOK 2 - Unit 7 - Language Focus - Vocabulary3) I am afraid we will not be able to stop the fire if the firemen do not arrive within ten minutes.I am afraid the fire will get out of control, if the firemen do not arrive within ten minutes, if the firemen do not arrive within ten minutes. (out of control)4) Im afraid you have to go via Vancouver to get to Seattle. All flights to the United States have been cancelled.As all flights to the United States have been cancelled, you have no alternative but to go via Vancouver to get to Seattle. (alternative)5) The government has declared that beef imports will not be allowed for the next six months as an emergency measure to stop will get out of control, if the firemen do not arrive within ten minutesalternative but to go via Vancouver to get to Seattle第15页/共34页BOOK 2 - Unit 7 - Language Focus - Vocabularythe spread of mad cow disease.The government has declared all beef imports will be banned for the next six months as an emergency measure to stop the spread of mad cow disease. (ban)declared all beef imports will be banned for the next six months as an emergency measure to stop the spread of mad cow disease第16页/共34页BOOK 2 - Unit 7 - Language Focus - Vocabulary3. Complete the following sentences, using the words or phrases in brackets. Make additions or changes where necessary.1) Through systematic research, scientists have invented many drugs to help us live longer, but the cause of aging remains, to a very real extent, one of lifes mysteries. (to a very real extent, invent, mystery, systematic)2) The two parties have reached an agreement to establish a joint venture in Beijing, but before a formal contract is signed, some clauses in the draft agreement need to be modified/modifying so that no misunderstanding will arise as to their interpretation. (establish, modify)systematichave inventedto a very real extentmysteriesto establishto be modified/modifying第17页/共34页BOOK 2 - Unit 7 - Language Focus - Vocabulary3) Our ancestors have passed on to us the wisdom that to ensure the long-lasting prosperity of a country, we must show tolerance towards those who strike out along revolutionary paths. Such people, with their new ideas and practices, enrich the national experience. (enrich, strike out, tolerance)tolerance towardsstrike outenrich第18页/共34页BOOK 2 - Unit 7 - Language Focus - Synonyms in ContextSome words, like wish and want, raise and rear, royal, kingly and sovereign, come very close in meaning but are not interchangeable in some contexts. Choose a suitable word from the given pairs to complete the following sentences and try to figure out the difference in meaning.1. want/wish1) I wish you both a very pleasant journey.2) Ann, I am sorry. I wish I had never said that to you.3) My parents want me to give you their best regards.4) We do not want/wish to waste our money on such worthless things.wishwishwantwant/wish第19页/共34页BOOK 2 - Unit 7 - Language Focus - Synonyms in Context2. skin/hide1) This is the best lotion (护肤液护肤液) Ive ever known for skin care.2) Im sorry I called you a pig. My hide/skin is thick enough; it didnt bother me.3) This pair of boots is made of buffalo hide. They are very durable.4) I dont need a knife; I can peel the skin off with my fingers.3. raise/rear1) The male bird helps the female to raise/rear the young.2) You cannot raise corn here. The climate is not right for it.3) The couple agreed that to rear/raise the children properly they need two incomes.skinhide/skinhideskinraise/rearraiserear/raise第20页/共34页BOOK 2 - Unit 7 - Language Focus - Synonyms in Context4) He worked hard to raise himself from poverty.4. royal/kingly/sovereign1) The British royal family has been the focus of media attention in recent weeks.2) The young mans kingly/royal bearing (仪态仪态) has won him many admirers.3) When did India gain its independence and become a sovereign state?4) With his health restored, he is now ready to resume his royal/kingly duties.raiseroyalkingly/royalsovereignroyal/kingly第21页/共34页BOOK 2 - Unit 7 - Language Focus - CollocationFill in each gap in the following sentences with an appropriate adverb or adverb phrase from the box below.1. Mathew contributed generously to our project. Indeed, we would not have been successful without him.2. Its hard work. I enjoyed it, though.3. What do you think of my hair? Frankly, dear, its a disaster.4. She saw that there was a man following her all the way. Moreover, he was observing her strangely.Indeedthough.FranklyMoreover第22页/共34页BOOK 2 - Unit 7 - Language Focus - Collocation5. You must be mistaken. To my knowledge, Steve did not make those comments.6. We did not achieve our goal. This, however, does not mean that our efforts have been wasted.7. I missed the train, but I arrived on time for the meeting nevertheless.8. No one believed my story. Yet it couldnt be truer. It is exactly what I saw with my own eyes.To my knowledgehoweverneverthelessYet第23页/共34页BOOK 2 - Unit 7 - Language Focus - Collocation9. I ordered coffee, but the waiter served me tea instead.10. You havent answered my question; in other words, you disapprove of my proposal, dont you?insteadin other words第24页/共34页BOOK 2 - Unit 7 - Language Focus - Close AComplete the following passage with words chosen from the Words and Phrases to Drill box. Change the form where necessary. A fascinating (1) feature of the English language is its tolerance (2) of new words and phrases, either borrowed or invented (3). There exists no authority to examine each new addition (4) to the language, to determine what is acceptable and to ban (5) what is not. True, some people do think that borrowed words corrupt (6) the language. They think the language is running out of control (7). At one time, influenced (8) by the intellectual elite (9) in France, some people came up with (10) the idea of establishing (11) an academy to maintain the purity of the English language. Fortunately the idea never took hold. fascinatingtoleranceinventedadditionbancorruptout of controlinfluencedelitecame up withestablishing第25页/共34页BOOK 2 - Unit 7 - Language Focus - Close AMassive (12) borrowing from a rich variety of sources (13) was, as a result, left free to greatly enrich (14) the language.Massivesourcesenrich第26页/共34页BOOK 2 - Unit 7 - Language Focus - Close BRead the passage carefully until you have got its main idea, and then select one appropriate word for each gap from the box following the passage. People have long speculated that their languages came from a single source. As early (1) as 1767, physician James Parsons collected numbers from many European languages as well as those of Iran and India, and found them to be quite similar (2). He concluded that they must have all come from one source (3). But Sir William Jones, Chief Justice of India, took this observation (4) a step further. As an educated man, he was trained in the classical languages, so that when he went to India and began to examine (5) Sanskrit, he saw right away how similar it was to Greek and Latin, earlysimilarsourceobservationexamine第27页/共34页BOOK 2 - Unit 7 - Language Focus - Close Bnot only in vocabulary, but even in grammatical features (6). In a speech delivered before Bengal Asiatic Society in 1786, he declared (7) that the Sanskrit language bears to both Latin and Greek a stronger (8) resemblance both in the roots of verbs and in the forms of grammar than could possibly have been produced by accident (9). Indeed, the resemblance is so strong, he said, that no scholar could examine them all three without believing them to have sprung (10) from some common source, which, perhaps, no longer exists.featuresdeclaredstrongeraccidentsprung第28页/共34页BOOK 2 - Unit 7 - Language Focus - Translation 1Translate the sentences into English, using the words or phrases in brackets.1. 自从新政策生效之后，很多小企业在这个城市涌现出来。自从新政策生效之后，很多小企业在这个城市涌现出来。(spring up)Many small businesses have sprung up in the city since the new policy went into effect. 2. 听到这一消息后，她略微一笑，然后便又习惯性地皱起眉头。听到这一消息后，她略微一笑，然后便又习惯性地皱起眉头。(habitual)On hearing the news, she smiled briefly, and then returned to her habitual frown. Many small businesses have sprung up in the city since the new policy went into effect.On hearing the news, she smiled briefly, and then returned to her habitual frown.第29页/共34页BOOK 2 - Unit 7 - Language Focus - Translation 13. 他稍微停顿了一下以加强讲话的效果，然后说，他稍微停顿了一下以加强讲话的效果，然后说，“我们可以通我们可以通过新的渠道进入这些市场。过新的渠道进入这些市场。”(for effect, channel)He paused for effect, then said: We can reach/enter these markets through new channels. 4. 学校新添的音乐厅可以帮助它培养年轻的音乐人才。学校新添的音乐厅可以帮助它培养年轻的音乐人才。(addition, nourish)The addition of a concert hall to the school will help it nourish young musical talents. 5. 我们必须首先建立一个主权国家，否则就无法保护我们的人身我们必须首先建立一个主权国家，否则就无法保护我们的人身自由。自由。(liberty, establish)He paused for effect, then said: We can reach/enter these markets through new channels.The addition of a concert hall to the school will help it nourish young musical talents.第30页/共34页BOOK 2 - Unit 7 - Language Focus - Translation 1We have no way to protect our personal liberties until we have established a sovereign state. / We cant protect our personal liberties unless we, first of all, establish a sovereign state.We have no way to protect our personal liberties until we have established a sovereign state. / We cant protect our personal liberties unless we, first of all, establish a sovereign state.第31页/共34页BOOK 2 - Unit 7 - Language Focus - Translation 2Translate the passage into English, using the words and phrases given below. 虽然英语是如何产生的对许多人来说还是个谜，语言学家认虽然英语是如何产生的对许多人来说还是个谜，语言学家认为它和很多欧洲语言来自同一个源头，即印欧母语。英语最初是为它和很多欧洲语言来自同一个源头，即印欧母语。英语最初是在公元五世纪入侵英格兰的盎格鲁在公元五世纪入侵英格兰的盎格鲁撒克逊人使用的。他们将撒克逊人使用的。他们将英语的基本词汇传给了我们。在十五个多世纪的发展中，英语通英语的基本词汇传给了我们。在十五个多世纪的发展中，英语通过大量借用丰富了自己。随着英国移民登陆美洲并建立了独立的过大量借用丰富了自己。随着英国移民登陆美洲并建立了独立的美利坚合众国，英语又增添了一个新的变种：美语。虽然有人担美利坚合众国，英语又增添了一个新的变种：美语。虽然有人担忧英语的发展失控了，但大多数以英语为母语的人对其自由借用忧英语的发展失控了，但大多数以英语为母语的人对其自由借用和对外来成分的宽容感到自豪。和对外来成分的宽容感到自豪。第32页/共34页BOOK 2 - Unit 7 - Language Focus - Translation 2 Though how the English language came into existence remains a mystery to many people, linguists believe that English and most other European languages have descended from a common source: the Indo-European parent language. English was first spoken by the Anglo-Saxons who invaded England in the fifth century. They passed onto us the basic vocabulary of English. In over fifteen centuries of its development, English has enriched itself by massive borrowing. As British immigrants landed in America and established the United States as an independent nation, a new variety was added to the English language: American English. Though some people worry that the language is running out of control, many native speakers of English take pride in the tolerance of their language. Though how the English language came into existence remains a mystery to many people, linguists believe that English and most other European languages have descended from a common source: the Indo-European parent language. English was first spoken by the Anglo-Saxons who invaded England in the fifth century. They passed onto us the basic vocabulary of English. In over fifteen centuries of its development, English has enriched itself by massive borrowing. As British immigrants landed in America and established the United States as an independent nation, a new variety was added to the English language: American English. Though some people worry that the language is running out of control, many native speakers of English take pride in the tolerance of their language.第33页/共34页
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