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UNIT2复习TOPIC1 ENGLISH IS WIDELY SPOKEN AROUND THE WORLD.一.重点词语 1.be able to=can 能够,会 2.cant wait to do sth.迫不急待地做某事 3.have a (good) chance to do sth.有(好)机会做某事 4.practice doing sth.练习做某事 5.be made by被制做; be made of/from由制成;be made in在某地制造 6.on business出差 7.be similar to和相似 8.translateinto把翻译成 9.have no/some trouble (in) doing sth.做某事没有/有些困难 10.once in a while=sometimes/at times偶尔,间或 11.whenever=no matter when无论何时 12.as well as以及 13.mother tongue 母语 14.take the leading position处于领先地位 15.encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 16.call for号召 17.later on 18.a Spanish English dictionary 19.An English Chinese dictionary 20.as the offical language 21.ask sb for help 22.make meanings 23.have long conversations with 24.a business man 25.travel all over the world 26.travel to 27.the numer of 28. a number of 29.I want another three copies. 30.in the years to come 31.take a swimming course 32.fashion clothes 33.be regarded as. 34.at the school gate TOPIC 2 ENGLISH IS SPOKEN DIFFERENTLY IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES.重点词语 1.by the way 顺便说一下 2.depend on取决于；依靠 3.be different from与不同 4.succeed in doing成功，达成 5.make yourself understood表达你自己的意思 6.on ones way to 在某人去的路上 7.see sb. Off给送行 8.leave for前往某地/leavefor离开去 9.in twenty minutes二十分钟之后 10.written English笔头英语/oral English英语口语 11.generally speaking一般说来，大致上说 12.as for sb./sth.至于某人/某物 13.be close to靠近 14.in person身体上，外貌上；亲自 15.be fond of爱好 16.be forced to do sth.被迫做/force sb.to do强迫某人做某事 17.even worse 更糟的是 18.instead of. 19.English-speaking countries 20.Spoken English 21.ask for a ride 22.Whats up? 23.Its quite all right. 24.Have a victory 25.Im just kidding. 26.Im puzzled 27.quite different 28.be spelt as 29.on the computer/screen/ line 30.take the subway/ take the underground 31.first floor/ ground floor 32.spend ones holidays 33.Just as I thought. 34. come about Topic 3 Its important to learn English well.重点词语1.in public在公共场所2.at times=sometimes有时3.feel like doing=would like to do想要做4.give up sth./doing sth.放弃5.turn to sb. for help求助于某人6.give sb. some advice on/about给某人一些有关的建议7.be weak in在方面很差/be good at在方面很好8.be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事9.make mistakes犯错误10.take a deep breath深呼吸11.the best time to do做某事最好的时间12.do some listening practice做些听力训练13.reply to=answer回答14.advise sb. to do建议某人做某事（名词advice 15.have a good journey 16.places of interest 17.have a conversation with/ have a talk with. 18. be in trouble 19.the final test 20.make yourself understood 21.work hard (at). 22.make progress (with) 23.turn to sb for help/ ask sb for help 24.be afraid of/ to /that. 25.dare to do sth 26. dare not do sth 27.Dare he do it? 28.the main idea of 29.on a piece of paper. 30.Dont be shy. 31.improve my reading 32.Through the Internet 33. how to send e-mails 34.have/ hold a class meeting (on/about). 35.the results of 36.sharewith. 37.before/ after class 38.in ones opinion 39. insist on sth/doing sth 40.look up the new words in the dictionary 41.believe in yourself/ sb 42. English study method 43.make great progress 44.join the English club/ Corner 45.forget to do remember to do 要点聚焦要点聚焦-本单元重点扫描本单元重点扫描 1: We all know that youre working for some organizations that protect the environment. 我们都知道你在为环保组织做我们都知道你在为环保组织做工作。工作。 【讲解】 Work for.为。工作， 为。坚持不懈地努力。如： We should work for peace. 我们应该为和平而努力。 Organizations of environment环保组织。2: WELL, MY MAIN JOB IS TO HELP SPREAD THE MESSAGE ABOUT PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT. FOR EXAMPLE, THE THREE RS-REDUCE, REUSE AND RECYCLE-ARE IMPORTANT. 我的主要工作是帮助宣传一些关于环我的主要工作是帮助宣传一些关于环保方面的知识。例如：三保方面的知识。例如：三“R”，即减少使用，再次使，即减少使用，再次使用和回收利用很重要。用和回收利用很重要。 讲解】 to help spread the .动词不定式作表语。 help spread也可以说help to spread. Spread the message about.省去to的动词不定式作help的宾语。 The importance of.的重要性。3: WE REALLY NEED TO REDUCE THE WASTE WE PRODUCE. FOR EXAMPLE, WE SHOULD USE BOTH SIDES OF PAPER, AND REUSE PLASTIC BAGS RATHER THAN THROW THEM AWAY. 我们真的需要减我们真的需要减少我们生产的废品。比如，我们应该把纸的两面使用，将塑少我们生产的废品。比如，我们应该把纸的两面使用，将塑料袋再次使用而不是轻易扔掉。料袋再次使用而不是轻易扔掉。【讲解】need to reduce需要减少we produce我们产生，作定语修饰说明the waste.Rather than, 宁可，是.而不是.， 相当于instead of。 如：The color seems green rather than blue. = The color seems green instead of blue.这颜色看上去是绿色而不是蓝色。I sent you the letter rather than she.给你寄信的是我而不是她。 使用rather than应注意以下几点： 1). rather than作连词用，所连接的可以是动词、副词、形容词、名词短语等，被连接成分应在词性上保持一致。如： He wants to go at once rather than tomorrow. 他想现在立即走而不是明天。 2). Rather than 位于句首时，后跟动词原型，该动词前不可加to, 也不受句中谓语动词时态的影响。如： Rather than try to do it by myself, I didnt ask for help. 宁可自已干，我没有请人帮忙。 3)rather than位于句中连接两个动词时，其后的动词形式应同前面与其并列的动词形成一致。如： I did my homework rather than watched TV yesterday evening. 昨晚我做作业了而没有看电视。 4)rather than 可以连接主格人称代词，也可连接宾格人称代词，但结构与含义不同。如： I sent you the letter rather than she.给你寄信的是我而不是她。 I sent you the letter rather than her.我给你寄的信，而不是给她寄的信。 【知识点拓展】 Would rather.than意为“宁可。也不。，与其。不如。”，相当于had rather.than前面表示肯定，后面表示否定，than后跟动词原形，不带to, 即would rather和than后都跟动词原形。如： I d rather read books than watch TV. 我宁愿看书也不愿看电视。 4: FIRST, YOU OUGHT TO TURN OFF THE LIGHTS WHEN YOU LEAVE A ROOM. 首先，你离开房间时应该随手关灯。首先，你离开房间时应该随手关灯。 【讲解】 Ought to do sth. 应该做某事 1）可表示责任或义务，指道义上应该做的事，可表示现在，一般将来或过去将来。如： We ought to be polite to the old. 我们应该尊敬老人。 2) ought to可表示“应有的结果”或“当然的事”。如： You have been her friend for one year, so you ought to know her well. 你们已经做了一年的朋友，你应该很解她。 3) ought to的否定式和疑问式。如： Ought we to go there?我们应该去那儿吗？ Yes, you ought.是的，应该 。 No, you ought not.不，不应该。 You ought not to tell her the bad news. 你不应该告诉她这条坏消息。 4）ought to 的反意疑问句。如： Such things ought not to happen, ought they? 这样的事情不应该发生， 是吗？ 知识点拓展】 Should指主观上感到有责任或义务去做某事。如： We should keep our environment clean.我们应该保持环境整洁。 Ought to在语气上比should强，但比must弱。5: AT THE SAME TIME , IT COSTS TOO MUCH MONEY AND TAKES UP A LOT OF SPACE. 【讲解】 At the same time同时 Take up占去，占用（时间或空间）如： Doing his homework took up most of the weekend. 写作业占去了他周末的大半时间。6：A FARMER IN ENGLAND USED ANIMAL WASTE TO RUN HIS CAR. 英国一位农民用动物粪便发动他的车。英国一位农民用动物粪便发动他的车。 【讲解】 Animal waste动物粪便。 Use sth. To do sth. 用做某事 Run, 作动词用，意为“使运转，使运行。 Run his car发动他的车7THEY WORK WELL, BUT THEY ARE SLOW AND CANT RUN FOR LONG.它们运行很好，但是很慢并且跑的时间不长它们运行很好，但是很慢并且跑的时间不长 【讲解】 But意思为“但是”，表转折关系，为并列连词。 如： The machine is old, but in good order.机器旧了，但运作很好。 He wants to go, but his sister wants to stay. 他想走，但她妹妹想留下。8 MORE AND MORE PEOPLE ARE TRUING GREEN. 越来越多的人成为越来越多的人成为绿色使者绿色使者/卫士卫士. 【讲解】 Green不单纯指”颜色”,也可借这种颜色来代指保护环境的人.如: You are pale green. 你刚刚成为绿色使者. You are bright green.你是优秀的绿色使者.9.EITHER.OR” 结构表示 “ 不是就是 ” ， “ 或者或者 ” ，例如： Either my uncle can do it, or my aunt can do it. 我叔叔可以做那件事，或者我婶婶也可以做。 习惯上将两个句子合并成 Either my uncle or my aunt can do it. 10.“NOT ONLYBUT ALSO” 意思为 “ 不仅而且 ” 例如： not only the students have missed the school car, but also the teacher has missed the school car. 不仅学生，而且他们的老师都误了校车。 11.“NEITHERNOR” 结构，意为 “ 既不也不 ” ， “ 两者都不 ” ，用法与 EITHER OR,NOT ONLY BUT ALSO 相同 典型例题 例 1 Work hard, _ you will pass the during test. A. or B. but C. because D. and 解析： “努力学习”，“你就会通过驾驶考试”，两者之间是并列关系，应用句式“祈使句 +and+ 简单句”。 D例 2 STOP CUTTING TREES, _ THE EARTH WILL BECOME WORSE AND WORSE. A. AND B. THEN C BUT D. OR 解析： 根据句意，前后是转折关系，应用句式“祈使句 +or+ 简单句”。 D 例 3 THEY BOUGHT GRANNY A PRESENT _A _ SHE LIKED IT VERY MUCH. A. AND B. SO C. BUT 解析： 本题前后两句表示并列关系 4 THEY ALL WENT TO THE CINEMA I DIDNT. A. GET B. OR C. BUTD. SO 解析： 本题的前后意思带有转折关系。 例 5 Hello, Mr. Huang! Im sorry, I dont think I know you. A. and B. or C. but D. because The little boy is very young _ he can look after himself well. A. So B. but C. if D. or C.cBBILL PUT HIS HANDS BEHIND HIS BACK, _ NOBODY COULD SEE HIS HANDS. A. so B. and C. or D. but A NEITHER YOU NOR I _ FROM CANADA. WE ARE FROM AUSTRALIA. A. IS B. ARE C. AM D. BE neither nor ”结构意为“既不也不”，“两者都不”，连接主语时，谓语动词应与其邻近的主语保持一致。 C We get knowledge _from books _from life. Yes, both are important. A. either ； or B. not only ； but also C neither ； nor D. not ； butBINSTEADOF,TAKETHEPLACEOF 和 HAPPEN,TAKEPLACEOF INSTEAD OF 和INSTEAD的用法 instead of是短语介词，意思是“代替”、“而不是”（=in place of,它后面一般接名词、代词、动名词或介词 短语作它的宾语 例如： Shall we have fish instead of meat today?我们今天吃鱼不吃肉，好吗？ 把那个红色的盒子给我，不 是这个黄色的 Give me the red box instead of the yellow one. 如果我没 感冒，我就干活了，而不是在这里躺着。 If I hadnt got a cold, Id be working instead of lying here. .我们将在花园里， 而不在屋子里喝茶。（ Well have tea in the garden instead of in the house. INSTEAD单独使用时，与INSTEAD OF不同，INSTEAD 是副词，意思是“代替”、“ 顶替”(=IN PLACE OF THAT)。 去年夏天我去了青岛。今年夏天我将去大连。 Last summer I went to Qingdao. This summer Im going to Dalian instead. INSTEAD OF和TAKE THE PLACE OF有啥区别？ INSTEAD OF是介词短语，作状语，其后常跟名词、代词搭配。 TAKE THE PLACE OF是动词短语，作谓语， Mr. Li will go to the meeting instead of me. =Mr. Li will take my place to the meeting. TAKE PLACE 表示“发生、举行、举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”， 即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排， 2) .HAPPEN作“发生、碰巧”解，一般用于偶然或突发性事件， Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years. The Olympic Games of 2008 will take place in Beijing. What happened to you? ( （1）The opening of the play will take place tomorrow night. 剧的首演式 将于明晚举行。（take place不能用happen代换） （2）The accident took place only a block from my home. 事故发生地离我 家只一个街区。（took place 可以用happened代换） 动词happen以及词组take place, break out 等只能用作不及物动词，不能用 被动语态形式。 instead 是副词，只表示“代替”“而是”，常放在句尾，如： *He is tired, let me do it instead. 他累了，让我代作吧！ 语法学习 用现在进行时表示将来用现在进行时表示将来 现在进行时表示将来时，常有“意图”、“安排”（但不是固定不变的）或“打算”含义。它表示最近或较近的将来，所用的动词多是位移动词。 如：come, go, arrive, leave, fly, start, begin, return, open, die 例：Im going.我要走了。 When are you starting?你什么时候动身？ Dont worry. The train is arriving here soon.别着急，火车马上就到了。 表示将来的现在进行时除了用于位移动词外，亦可用于某些非位移动词。 如：My uncle is meeting us tomorrow.我叔叔明天会见我们。 She is buying a new bike soon.她不久将买一辆新自行车。 语法学习wh- +to dowh-是指when, where, which, who(m)及how等连接词，它们和动词不定式连用，即为wh- +to do结构。这种结构在句中常作主语、表语和宾语，作宾语时可以转换为宾语从句。(对于谓语动词来说，wh- +to do这个不定式动词的动作是个尚未发生的动作，所以在转换成宾语从句时，通常须加情态动词或用将来时表示未来。)如：I dont know what to do.=I dont know what I should do. She cant decide which to buy.=she cant decide which she will buy.反之，如果主句中的主语与宾语从句中的主语一致时，宾语从句（由疑问词引导）通常可以与“疑问词+不定式”互相转换。如：I dont know what I should do.=I dont know what to do.如果不一致就不能转换。I want to know what Mary will do.(不能说不能说:I want to know what to do.)Goodbye
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