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现在完成时的时间副词和时间短语现在完成时的时间副词和时间短语:1. 副词副词already和和yet。already一般用于肯一般用于肯定句中，定句中，yet一般用于否定句和一般用于否定句和 疑问句中。疑问句中。 We have already finished our homework 我们已完成作业了。我们已完成作业了。 Have you finished your homework yet? Not yet.你已经完成家庭作业了吗你已经完成家庭作业了吗? - I have never been to the Great Wall. 我从未去过长城。我从未去过长城。2.副词副词ever 和和never。多用于否定或疑问。多用于否定或疑问 句中，表示句中，表示“曾经曾经”或或“从未从未“等。等。 如如: - Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗你曾经去过长城吗?He has been there twice the past few years. 近几年他去过那里两次了。近几年他去过那里两次了。3. 用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语, 如如 : just, before, up to now, the past few yearsso far, by now等。等。如如: I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。他刚来他刚来.He has just come.How many English words have you learnt so far?迄今为止，你学了多少英语单词？迄今为止，你学了多少英语单词？B.表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻开始，以和表示从过去某一时刻开始， 一直延续到现在一直延续到现在（包括现在在内（包括现在在内,也许还要继续进行下去）的（段）也许还要继续进行下去）的（段）时间状语连用。共有以下几种情况：与时间状语连用。共有以下几种情况：与 for + 表示一段时间的词组连用；表示一段时间的词组连用； since + 表示过去的时间点或从句连用。表示过去的时间点或从句连用。例如：例如： 1.我做教师已有二十年了。我做教师已有二十年了。 2.她在这家工厂工作十年了。她在这家工厂工作十年了。3.她自从去年九月起就在这所学校。她自从去年九月起就在这所学校。 4.自从三年前他就住在伦敦。自从三年前他就住在伦敦。 Ive been a teacher for twenty years.Shes worked in the factory for ten years. Shes been at this school since last September.Hes lived in London since three years ago.常见的常见的短暂性动词和延续性短暂性动词和延续性动词的转换如下：动词的转换如下： 非延续性动词非延续性动词 可延续性动词可延续性动词come be here/ be indie be deadborrow keep join be a +.（成员（成员.member ）/be in+组织组织 buy haveleave be away begin be onfinish be over leave be away注意：注意：在上述句型的肯定句中，不可用短暂性动词（表示在上述句型的肯定句中，不可用短暂性动词（表示动作短暂不能延续的动词）作谓语，而应改为相应的动作短暂不能延续的动词）作谓语，而应改为相应的延续性动词。如：他已到达。延续性动词。如：他已到达。 He has arrived. 他已到达四天。他已到达四天。He has been here for four days. 或或 He arrived here four days ago. 1.他已经来了。他已经来了。2.他来这儿他来这儿/北京有两个月了。北京有两个月了。.3.这位老人已经逝世。这位老人已经逝世。4.这位老人已经逝世一年多了。这位老人已经逝世一年多了。5.李雷已经从图书馆借了这本书。李雷已经从图书馆借了这本书。6.李雷从图书馆借这本书一周了。李雷从图书馆借这本书一周了。7. 凯特已经买了一辆自行车。凯特已经买了一辆自行车。凯特买了这辆自行车已经两周了。凯特买了这辆自行车已经两周了。8. 火车已经离开了。火车已经离开了。火车离开很久了。火车离开很久了。 He has come.He has been here (in Beijing) for 2 monthsThis old man has died.This old man has been dead for over one year.Li Lei has borrowed the book from the school library.Li Lei has kept the book from the school library for a week. Kate has bought a bike.Kate has had the bike for two weeks.The train has left.The train has been away for a long time.改写下列各句：改写下列各句：1.His uncle died 2 years ago.2.Her mother has been a party member for 3 years.3.He left here two days ago.4.He has been a worker for 3 years.5.I have taught French in this school for 2years.His uncle has been dead for 2years. His uncle has been dead since 2 years ago.Her mother joined the party 3years ago.Her mother has been a party member since 3years agoHe has been away from here for 2 days.He has been away from here since 2 days ago.He has been a worker since 3 years ago.He became a worker 3 years ago.I began to teach in this 2 years ago.Making sentencesMr.Wu.Wu asks the students to complete the asks the students to complete the sentences below using the present perfect sentences below using the present perfect tense.Helptense.Help them complete the sentences. them complete the sentences.1.1.They_(finishThey_(finish) their homework.) their homework.2.2.Mr. And Mr. And Mrs.LiMrs.Li _(not come) _(not come) back yet.back yet.3.3.John_ (play) this computer game John_ (play) this computer game a few timesa few times. .4.4.We _ (not We _ (not see)thatsee)that film yet film yet5.5.MrMr Dong _ (repair) over ten Dong _ (repair) over ten bikes since last Friday.bikes since last Friday.6.6.You _ (not You _ (not visit)mevisit)me for a for a long time.long time.have finishedhave not comehas playedhave not seenhas repairedhave not visitedJapanBritainHawaiiMr Wangoncetwicenext monthMrs Wangtwo weeks ago oncefive years agoAunt Pauline nonext summer two days ago1.Who has already been to Japan?2.Who has never been to Japan?3.Who has just been to Japan?4.Who has already been to Britain?5.Who has not been to Britain yet?6.Who has not been to Hawaii yet?7.Who has just been to Hawaii?8.Who has already been to Hawaii?Ask and answer 表示表示曾去过某处曾去过某处have / has been的用法以及的用法以及它们在疑问句、否定句中与它们在疑问句、否定句中与ever、never连用。连用。例如：例如： We have been to Qingdao . 我们我们去过去过青青岛。岛。 She has been to Sanya. 她她去过去过三三亚。亚。表示表示某人去某处某人去某处（还没有回来还没有回来）用）用have / has gone，例如：例如：Who has gone to Beijing? 谁谁去了去了北京？北京？Her mother has gone to Hawaii. 她妈妈她妈妈去了去了夏威夷了。夏威夷了。have been (to)have gone (to) have / has been (to) 表示表示“曾经去过曾经去过”某地某地, 说话时此人很可说话时此人很可能能 不在那里不在那里, 已经回来已经回来. 侧重指经历侧重指经历have / has gone (to) 表示某人表示某人“已经去了已经去了”某地某地, 说话时此人说话时此人 在那里，或可能在路上在那里，或可能在路上, 反正不在这里。反正不在这里。have / has been (in) 表示表示“来来/去某地去某地(多长时间多长时间)”, 现在仍在现在仍在 那儿，强调状态。那儿，强调状态。 He has been to Beijing (twice). 他曾去过北京他曾去过北京(两次两次).He has gone to Beijing. 他已经去了北京他已经去了北京.He has been in Beijing for three weeks. 他已经来他已经来/去北京三个去北京三个周了。周了。1.1.你去过长城吗你去过长城吗2. 他爸爸去了广州了。他爸爸去了广州了。3.3.你爸爸去过颐和园吗？你爸爸去过颐和园吗？4.我们从来没有去过北海公园。我们从来没有去过北海公园。5.5.李雷在哪儿？他到图书馆去了。李雷在哪儿？他到图书馆去了。6.6.他从来没有去过大连。他从来没有去过大连。Have you ever been to the Great Wall?Has your father been to the Summer Palace? We have never been to the Beihai Park.He has never been to Dalian.His father has gone to Guangzhou. Where is Li Lei? He has gone to the library 7.他在这儿他在这儿/北京有两个月了。北京有两个月了。8. 他父亲已经入党二十多年了。他父亲已经入党二十多年了。His father has been in the Party for over 20 years. His father has been a Party member for over 20 years. He has been here (in Beijing) for 2 months. 中考链接一一.选择填空选择填空 1、Uncle Dong is _from time to time because he misses his old friends.A. lonely B. alone C. happy D. unkind2、Mr and Mrs Black _ back _.A. hasnt come, yet B. havent come , yet C. havent , come already D. hasnt come , already3、We havent seen each other _.A. for a long time B. two days ago C. for two days ago D. a long time ago.4、It has been in service _ 1998.A. in B. at C. or D. since5、It _ seven years _ Hong Kong return to China. A. was, since B. is, since C. was, after D. is , after6、- Where are Mike and Jack?- They _ the library.A. have gone B. have been to C. has been to D. has gone to7、There is a new bridge _ Sunshine Bridge.A. call B. to call C. called D. calling.8.I _ you a happy holiday.A. hope B. wish C. want D. like9.I enjoy _ my friends on the internet on Sundays.A. chat B. chatting C. chatting to D. chatting with.10.In a dictionary which is always before tram.A. train B. try C. tree D. true11.The place _ be the home of wild red cranes.A. is used to B. used to C. is used D. was used to12.We hope you _ a happy holiday in Hong Kong.A. to have B. having C. had D. will have13.The old man was not _ to climb up the hill.A. healthy B. enough healthy C. health enough D. healthy enough14.- _ you _ the book _ to the library yet. - Yes. I have.A. Have ，returned，/ B. Have， returned， back C. Did return ，/ D. Did， return，back15.He has _ finished his homework. Hes now _ a rest.A. yet, having B. just, has C. ever, has D. already, having.动动 词词 填填 空：空： 1._ you _(clean) the room?1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that already. Yes, we _(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago. We _(do) it an hour ago.2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes.2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? When _ he _(see) it? He _ it last week. He _ it last week. 3. How many times _3. How many times _you_(beyou_(be) there? ) there? HaveHavecleanedcleanedhave donehave donediddiddododiddidHasHasseenseendiddidseeseesawsawhavehavebeenbeen4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air. She _(go) there by air.6. So far, many countries _(develop) 6. So far, many countries _(develop) their software programs. their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(7.Mr Chen _(give)upgive)up smoking last year. smoking last year.8.Mr 8.Mr chenchen _(give) up smoking since last year. _(give) up smoking since last year.have readhave readhas gonehas gonediddidgogowentwenthave developedhave developedgavegavehas givenhas given1.他在这儿住了十年了他在这儿住了十年了.2.自从离开学校到现在我写过两封信给他自从离开学校到现在我写过两封信给他.3.我们家乡发生了巨大变化我们家乡发生了巨大变化.4.我刚刚到这里我刚刚到这里.他刚才也在这里他刚才也在这里,但是现在他去图书馆但是现在他去图书馆了了.5.自两年前到现在我曾经去过北京两次自两年前到现在我曾经去过北京两次. 6.他在北京呆了两个月他在北京呆了两个月.He has lived here for ten years.I have written to him twice since I left school.Great changes have taken place in our hometown .I have just arrived here. He was here just now. But now he has gone to the library.I have been to Beijing twice since two years ago.He has been in Beijing for two months.7.我上周感冒了我上周感冒了.我从上周以来就感冒了我从上周以来就感冒了8.我还没收到他的来信我还没收到他的来信.I caught a cold last week.I have had a cold since last week.I havent heard from him yet.
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