高考英语 核心考点突破 倒装、主谓一致

核心考点突破考点1完全倒装 1.There be 句型：可以用在这类句型中的动词除be外还可用 live,happen,exist,remain,stand等作这类句型的谓语。2.Here/There vi.(常为come,go)/be 主语(必须是名词)，这时句中不能用正在进行时，如：Here comes Mary.There goes the bell.Here is John.Here are some story books I want.3.then/now引起谓语为 come,follow的句子，如：Then came a new difficulty.Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War.4.out,in,up,down,away 之类的副词作状语放在句首，主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词，谓语为不及物动词come，go,run,rush,etc.。句式为：副词vi.主语(必须是名词)。如：Away went the boy.Away they went.Out rushed the tiger from among the bushes.In came the rose fragrance through the windows.5.介词短语作状语放在句首，谓语为不及物动词，主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词。句式为：介词短语vi.主语(必须是名词)。如：In the middle of our school stands a high building.From the distance came occasional barks.6.表语放在句首，表语常为形容词、分词、副词、介词短语。要求主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词。句式为：表语系动词主语(必须是名词)。如：Present at the meeting were Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests.Gone are the days when the teachers were looked down upon.Seriously damaged in the earthquake was the white building in the city.Playing the guitar on the playground are the students from class five and class three.On the both sides of the street are beautiful flowers.South of city are two big lakes.考点2部分倒装1.only副词/介词短语/状语从句。如：Only then did I realize the importance of English.Only in this way can you make progress in your English.Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.注意：在only状语从句主句结构中，主句用倒装结构但从句用正常语序。only修饰主语，不倒装。Only Tom knows the answer.2.否定词(短语)开头的句子要用部分倒装：表示否定意义的副词never,nor，neither,表示半否定意义的副词hardly，few,seldom,little,含有no和not的词组by no means(决不),in no time(很快),at no time(在任何时候都不)，not until,not only.but also,no sooner thanhardly when/scarcely when，即“否定词助动词/情态动词主语其他”。Never have I been in this city.Little/Seldom do I watch TV.Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.注意：关联词的搭配;主句倒装，从句不倒装。3.以so开头,用 “so助动词/情态动词/系动词主语”，表示前面叙述的情况也适合于另一个人或物，译作 “也，同样，也如此”。表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物，用 “neither/nor助动词/情态动词/系动词主语”,译作 “也不是，也没有”。The boy left home,and so did his sister a week later.Society has changed and so have the people in it.I dont think I can walk any further.Neither can I.Lets stop for a rest.注意：当so表示对前句内容的肯定、附和，或进一步强调前面所说的情况，或者赞同前面的说法时,译作 “的确，正是”应用自然语序：Tom works hard.So he does and so do you.倒装部分的助动词、情态动词、连系动词的时态和形式要与前句相一致，主谓一致的变化要与后面主语相呼应。If you dont go,neither/nor shall I.(If you dont go,I shall not go.4.as引导的让步状语从句常常倒装。其结构为：表语/状语/动词原形as主语其他。如：Clever as he is,he doesnt study well.Child as he is,he knows a lot.Much as I like it,I wont buy it.Try as he would,he might fail again.Hard as he tried,he didnt succeed.注意：表语前的名词无形容词修饰时冠词要省略。5.在soadj./adv.+that句型中，so 放在句首。So afraid was he in the darkness that he didnt dare to move an inch.So loudly did he speak that every could hear him.6.如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有were,should,had可以把if省略而将这三个词放于条件句主语前构成倒装。Hadnt it been for their help,we couldnt have finished the work on time.Should there be a flood,what would we do?7.频度副词及短语often,always,now and then,many a time,every other day等放在句首时有时也倒装：Many a time has he come to comfort me.Often did he warn them not to do so.8.某些表示祝愿句子也用倒状语序：May you succeed.祝你成功！倒装的用法只要记住什么情况下用什么样的倒装形式就可以了。考点3主谓一致的类型1.语法形式上的一致主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。The number of students in our school is 1700.Mary and Kelly are alike.2.意义上一致(1)主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。如：The crowd are runing for their lives.单数形式代表复数内容的词有people,police,cattle等。(2)主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。如：The news is very exciting.Friendship is the wine of life.友谊乃人生之美酒。形复意单的单词有news,works(工厂),means和以ics结尾的学科名称physics,politics,economics等。3.就近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。连词or,either.or,neither.nor,not only.but also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。如：Either you or I am mad.There be句型中be的单复数取决于be后的第一个词的数。 考点4名词作主语1.某些集体名词如family,team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数，反之用复数。如：My family is going out for a trip.The whole family are watching TV.这类词常有audience,class,club,committee,company,crew,crowd,enemy,government,group,party,public,team等。population和“a group(crowd)of+复数名词”也适用于这种情况，强调整体用单数，强调各个部分用复数。2.某些集体名词如people,police,cattle,oxen只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。3.单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。如：A sheep is over there.Some sheep are over there.4.当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数。如：Thirty years has passed.Five minutes is enough to finish the task.5.不定代词each,every,no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接作主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Each boy and each girl in my class has a dictionary.6.如果主语有more than one.或many a.构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，它的谓语动词用单数形式。如：More than one student has seen the play.但是，“more+复数名词+than one”结构之后，谓语用复数。7.一些由两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如glasses，clothes，trousers，shoes，compasses，chopsticks，scissors等。但如果主语用a kind of,a pair of,a series of等加名词构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：A pair of shoes is on the desk.8.this kind of book=a book of this kind(这种书)，其谓语动词用单数；短语this kind of men=men of this kind=these kind of men(口语)(这一类人)，但this kind of men的谓语用单数，men of this kind和these kind of men的谓语用复数，all kinds of后跟复数名词，谓语用复数形式。如：This kind of men is dangerous.Men of this kind/sort are dangerous.9.复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则，用作单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有means，works，species(种类)，Chinese，Japanese等。当它们的前面有 a，such a，this，that修饰时，谓语用单数；有all，such，these，those修饰时，谓语用复数。10.在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：Between the two windows hangs an oil painting.11.用and或both.and 连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。但如果并列主语指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。如：Truth and honesty is the best policy.Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.A knife and fork is on the table.12.当主语后面跟有as well as,as much as,no less than,along with,with,like,rather than,together with,but,except,besides,including,in addition to等引导的词组时，谓语形式不受这些短语的影响。13. 以or，either.or，neigher.nor，not only.but also等连接的词作主语时，采取“就近原则”。考点5代词作主语1.such，the same起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。Such is our plan.Such are his last words.2.关系代词who，that，which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。在“one of+复数名词+who/that/which”引导的定语从句结构中，关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此从句中的谓语动词也应该是复数形式。如one前有the only时，则用单数形式。This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told by my father.She was the only one of the girls who was late for class today.3.不定代词any，either，neither，none，all，some，more等作主语时，要注意下列情况：(1)单独作主语时，视其在文中的意义，动词可用单数或复数形式。如：Now all has been changed.All are present.(2)其后接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，动词用单数形式；若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数；在正式文体中，单数形式的动词更常用。Do(es) any of you know about the accident?None of us has (have) seen the film.考点6分数、量词作主语1.“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“a lot of,lots of,plenty of,a large quantity of,a heap of,heaps of,half of+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词，而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。2.a great deal of，a large amount of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；large amounts of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。3.表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。One and a half apples is left on the table.4.half of，(a)part of修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数，修饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数。考点7名词化的形容词作主语如果主语由“the+形容词(或分词)”结构担任时，谓语通常用复数。这类词有the rich，the poor，the brave，the injured，the living，the wounded等。如表抽象的也可以用单数，如the unknown，the beautiful等。考点8从句作主语由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。如：What we need is more money.What we need are more people/teachers.主谓一致的的用法也需要强记规则，熟记用法。