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现在完成时：现在完成时： 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造现在造成的影响或结果成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直，或从过去开始一直延续到现在延续到现在的的动作或保存的状态。动作或保存的状态。结构：结构： 主语主语+ have / has + 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词否定句：否定句：havent/hasnt一般疑问句一般疑问句： Have / Has ? Yes, 主语主语+have/has. No, 主语主语+havent/hasnt. 常与下列时间状语连用：常与下列时间状语连用：just , already, yet,ever, never, before, several times 表示从过去已经开始表示从过去已经开始持续到现在持续到现在的动作的动作或状态，可以和表示或状态，可以和表示“从过去某一时刻从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间状语延续到现在的一段时间状语”连用，如连用，如“for+时间段时间段”、“since+过去的时间过去的时间点点”、“since+从句从句(一般过去时态一般过去时态)”、“since+一段时间一段时间+ago”。且。且for与与since引导的时间状语可以相互转换。引导的时间状语可以相互转换。e.g. My uncle has worked at this factory for ten years.= My uncle has worked at this factory since ten year ago. Ive lived here since 1990 自从自从1990年以来我就住在这里。年以来我就住在这里。 I havent seen him for three years. 我三年没有看见他了。我三年没有看见他了。 选用选用for和和since填空填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the factory _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6. Its five years _ we met last timeforsinceforsinceforsince 此种用法中表示持续性的动作或状态的此种用法中表示持续性的动作或状态的 动词必须是延续性动词动词必须是延续性动词(否定句除外否定句除外)。1. 这本书我买了这本书我买了5年了。年了。 I have bought the book for five years. ( ) I have had the book for five years. ( ) 2. 你哥哥参军多长时间了？你哥哥参军多长时间了？ How long has your brother joined the army? ( ) How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier? ( )1. 转换为相应的延续性动词，用于现在完转换为相应的延续性动词，用于现在完成时。成时。 borrow keep buy have put on wear catch a cold have a cold get to know know get to sleep sleep2. 转化为转化为“be + 形容词形容词/副词副词/介词介词/名词名词”begin / start be on go out be out close be closed open be open get to/arrive/reach be (in)die be dead leave be away finish be overfall sleep be asleep join be in/be a member of become be make friends be friendscome/go/ be + 相应的介词短语相应的介词短语 现在完成时：现在完成时：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态，强调的是现在的情况，到现在的动作或保存的状态，强调的是现在的情况，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用（如：不能和表示过去的时间状语连用（如：in 1990in 1990，last Sunday last Sunday 等）。等）。 一般过去时：一般过去时：一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系（即动作或状态在现在已经结和现在不发生关系（即动作或状态在现在已经结束），它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。束），它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：在学习这一概念的同时，应注意常与现在完成在学习这一概念的同时，应注意常与现在完成时连用的几个副词：时连用的几个副词：already, just, ever, yet, never等。等。already, just多用于肯定句中多用于肯定句中，ever, yet, never多用于疑问句和否定句中。多用于疑问句和否定句中。如：如：I have already finished my homework 我已经做完家庭作业了。我已经做完家庭作业了。 He has just had his meal他刚吃过饭。他刚吃过饭。 Have you ever sung this English song？ 你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？ They havent started yet. 他们还没有身。他们还没有身。 We have never heard of it 我们从来没有听说过这件事。我们从来没有听说过这件事。动词填空：动词填空：1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago.2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? He _ it last week. 3. How many times _you _( come) here? Once.Havecleanedhave donediddodidHasseendidseesawhavecome4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.5. She _ (go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air.6. So far, many countries _(develop) their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking last year.8._ you ever _(ride) a horse? Never.9.He _( keep) the book since two days ago.have readhas gonedidgowenthave developedgaveHaveriddenhas kept(1). have (has) been in 意为意为“已经在某地呆了多已经在某地呆了多长时间长时间”，常与，常与表示一段时间的状语表示一段时间的状语连用。连用。Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。 They have been in Canada for five years. 他们到加拿大有五年了。他们到加拿大有五年了。 have been in, have been to 与与have gone to 的用法的用法 (2). have (has) been to 意为意为“曾经去过某地曾经去过某地”,表示表示现在已经不在那里了现在已经不在那里了.可与可与 just, ever, never 等连用。等连用。如：如：Ive just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。我刚才去邮局了。 Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？你曾经去过杭州吗？ Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。玛丽从未去过长城。have(has)been to后面可接后面可接次数次数,表示去过某地几次。表示去过某地几次。如：如：Ive been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。我去过北京三次。(3). have (has) gone to 意为意为“到某地去了到某地去了”，表示，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不在现场，一般不用第一、二人称代词作主语。不用第一、二人称代词作主语。如如: Where is Tom? 汤姆在哪里？汤姆在哪里？ He has gone to the bookshop. 他到书店去了。他到书店去了。How long have you had that bike over there?Ive had it for three years.How long has his son owned the train and railway set?Hes owned it since his fourth birthday.Have you ever played football?Yes, I did when I was little, but I havent played for a while now.Grammar Focus4aRewrite the sentences using for or since.1. Jim is in Japan. He arrived there three days ago.2. They are very hungry. Their last meal was ten hours ago.They have been hungry for ten hours/since ten hours ago.Jim has been in Japan for three years.3. I have a camera. I bought it in 2009.4. I know Anna. I first met her three years ago.5. Linda is ill. She became ill on Monday.I have had a camera since 2009.I have known Ann for three years/since three years ago.Linda has been ill since Monday.1. I _ (never be) to the water park before. I want to _ (go) next month before the weather gets too cold.2. They_ (never own) any pets, but they _ (always want) to have a dog.3. We_ (have) a piano since last November. We _ (buy) it from the Li family when they moved to the US last year.Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.have never beengohave never owned always wanthave hadbought4b4. Cathy and Amy _ (not be) back to their hometown for two years. They _ (miss) their hometown a lot and hope to visit the place next year.5. This museum _ (be) here for over 20 years. It _ (be) one of the oldest buildings in this small town.havent beenmisshas beenis4cFill in the questions and ask two students. Then complete the chart.1. Do you have a(n) _? How long have you had it?2. Do you own a(n)_? How long have you owned it?ThingsHow longTonyfavorite book basketballfor two yearssince he was 10 years oldstudent1Student2
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