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（6，4）重点词汇 1. n. 現象;奇迹，罕见的人才或事物 phenomena(pl.) 典例 1) Rain and snow are phenomena of the weather. 2) Beethoven was a phenomenon among musicians.3) the phenomena of nature自然现象 4) a social phenomenon社会现象练习 汉译英 你能向我解释下这一奇怪的自然现象吗？_2. vt. 趋向, 往往是；照管, 护理重点用法tendency n. 趋向，倾向（常与to/towards连用）典例1)Nowadays there is a growing tendency for people to shop on internet. 2) The older women tend to believe in strangers easily.3) A team of medical workers were sent to tend the survivors of wenchuan Earthquake.练习 汉译英1) 处于压力下的人更容易发挥自己的全部潜能。 _2) 当老板不在时请照看一下商店。 _3. vt.声明, 陈述 n.状况，情况；国家重点用法state+名词/that从句/wh-从句 statement n. 声明, 陈述典例1) She is in a terrible state today. 2) the head of state3) He has publicly stated his support for the policy. 练习 汉译英1) 合同清楚地叙述了那项工作应在何时完成。 _2) 我听见那位官员说不接纳儿童。 _4. n.行列, 范围；vt. 排列, 归类于重点用法beyond the range of 超越的范围 out of ones range某人达不到的range oneself站在的方面 range from to / between and 从到不等练习 根据汉语提示，补全英语句子。1) The shop keeps_(各种各样的商品) . 2)_(年龄范围)is from six to twelve years old.3)The temperature_(在15度到35度之间).4)We should _(列身于; 站在的方面)on the side of law and order.5 adj.平均的;一般的，普通的，中等的 n.平均，平均数典例His average result of this three subjects is 96. 重点用法above the average 高于平均水平below the average在一般水平以下on the average平均, 按平均数计算; 一般地说练习 汉译英1) 他在我们班处于中等位置。 _2）这一地区农民的收入高于全省的平均水平。 _Dont expect too much of him.After all，he is a child of_intelligence.Aaverage Bslight Cstrange Ddifferent6. n.生存 v.存在典例1) Anything in existence is reasonable.2) In the middle age, no one doubted about the existence of God重点用法in existence存在 练习 汉译英 富裕和贫穷同时存在于这个世界里。 _7. v.(使)精神振作, (使)精力恢复, 更新典例1) When tired, you can refresh yourself with a cup of tea.2) Refresh storage battery in case of being out of energy halfway.3) The host refreshed our teacups. 练习 汉译英1) 长时间工作后，一杯冰水使他精神振作。 _2) 有时一件小东西也会唤起人们的记忆 _重点词组1. 发生【典例】1) How did this come about? 2) I dont know how it came about but Ive got a dent in the rear of my car. 短语归纳 come along 出现, 发生； come out 出来, 长出； come to 达到；come to oneself 苏醒, 醒悟； come up with 赶上, 提出辨析：come about，happen，take place与break out(1)come about 发生，产生，指要求解释或说明事情发生的理由。经常与how连用。How did these differences come about?(2)happen 发生，常用词汇，指偶然的，意外的，具体客观事物的发生或出现，尤其指自发的未能预见的事情发生。Luckily the earthquake didnt happen in the center of the city.(3)take place 发生，指事件或事故的发生是在预料中的并非是偶然的，进而引申为按计划“进行，举行”。Great changes have taken place in our school in the past few years.最近几年我们学校发生了很大变化。(4)break out指战争、火灾、疾病等的突然“发生、爆发”。A fire broke out during the night.1. Its already 10 oclock. I wonder how it _ that she was two hours late on such a short trip. A. came over B. came out C. came about D. came up2Im too excited to say one word. _.AA friend in need is a friend indeed BThe dream really comes trueCOut of sight，out of mind DThink twice before you do3How did it_that you made such a silly mistake?I myself havent figured it out yet.Abring about Bcome about Ccome across Dcome on4Have you_some new ideas? Yeah.Ill tell you later.Acome about Bcome into Ccome up with Dcome out with5. They used to be good friends but now they are like strangers.How_this_？Awas；come about Bdid；come about Cwas；taken place Dwas；happened2. 大量的典例1) Before they enter an entrance examination, they have to do quantities of exercise.2) He drinks large quantities of water every day.短语归纳 A (large) quantity of /quantities of+名词（可数/不可数）A mount of/ amounts of+不可数名词注意：以上短语修饰名词充当主语时，由quantity/amount的单复数决定谓语的单复数。练习 汉译英1) 桌上有大量的食物。 _2) 在这个地区仅提供少量的牛奶 _(福建)Why does the lake smell terrible? Because large quantities of water_.Ahave polluted Bis being polluted Chas been polluted Dhave been polluted3. 导致【典例】1) Stress and tiredness often result in a lack of concentration. 2) Acting before thinking always result in failure. 3) The accident resulted in the death of two people. 4) Excessive dosage of this drug can result in injury to the liver. 短语归纳 lead to作“导致” result from 由.产生； as a result 因此; 结果； as a result of作为.的结果; 由于. without result 无效地, 毫无结果地； 练习根据汉语提示，补全英语句子。（每空一词）1) 结果他们拯救了这座森林里90的树木。_ _ _, they saved 90% of the trees in the forest.2) 我一直在想法打开箱子，但到现在这没有没打开。Ive been trying to open the box, but _ _ so far.3) 此项工程的搁置已导致了6个人被解雇。The shelving of the project have_ _ six redundancy.4) 她勤奋苦读，终于进了中山大学。_ _ _ of her hard work was a place at Zhongshan University.Any damage_carelessness must be paid for by the borrower.Aresulting from Bresulting in Cresulted from Dresulted in4. 反对【典例】1) All the states in UN were opposed to the war launched by Israel.2) Many residents in Guangzhou are opposed to the plan of tearing down the old buildings.短语归纳 表示反对：disagree with; object to; be against表示赞成：agree with; be in favour of; be for练习 汉译英 1) 热爱和平的人们都反对核武器。 _2) 我们赞成她升为总裁 _5. 代表一方【典例】1) My husband could not be here tonight, but l want to thank you on his behalf.2) We attended the global conference on behalf of our country.练习 汉译英1) 很荣幸在这儿代表我的学校演出。 _2) 那个英雄的妻子代替她死去的丈夫接受了这枚勋章。 _6 忍受；容忍【典例】1) Im not going to put up with this! 2) We have to put up with her bad temper. 3) Noise is coming to the point where we cant put up with it. 短语归纳 put aside 节省；put away储存；put down写下 put off 延期； put out 熄灭； put up 举起；1) 在这种情况下，我们不得不忍受不便之处. _2) 我们不被允许拖延付清帐单。 _1I can_some noise while Im studying，but I cant stand very loud noise.Aput up with Bget rid of Chave effects on Dkeep away from2The teacher asked a difficult question，but Ted finally managed to_a good answer.Aput up with Bkeep up with Ccome up with Dgo through with重点句子1. Some byproducts of this process are called “greenhouse” gases, the most important one of which is carbon dioxide. 解释one/all/every/each/part of which(whom)引导的定语从句，表示“他（它）们中的一个/所有/每/部分”典例1) I have three good friends, all of whom have emigrated to U.S.A.2) Here are many kitties, two of which are yellow.练习 汉译英我有三个叔叔,其中最年轻的叔叔三年前去了澳洲. _2. There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer (see Graph 1) and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.在本句型中，that从句是同位语从句，表示doubt的内容。用法与there is a chance that.是一样的。(1)doubt作为名词，若用在否定句或疑问句中，后面接that引导的同位语从句；若用在肯定句中，后面接whether引导的同位语从句。注意此时不可以用if替换whether。(2)doubt作为动词，若用于否定句和疑问句中，后面接that引导的宾语从句；若用于肯定句中，后面一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句 。Theres some doubt whether/if he is fit for the job.There is no doubt that radio and television are important means of communication.I have no doubt that he will succeed.He doubts if she will keep her word.1Some researchers believe that there is no doubt_a cure for AIDS will be found.Awhich Bwhat Cthat Dwhether2Son，there is no_to worry.Everything will just go fine.Aneed Bdifference Cpoint Ddoubt3. It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using itif not，turn it off！(1)so long asas long as “只要”引导条件状语从句。You may borrow the book as long as/so long as you keep it clean.So long as/As long as you have confidence in yourself，youll win.so long as只能用于否定句，而as long as既可用于肯定句又能用于否定句。as long as还可意为“与一样长，长达”。We need a rope as long as 30 metres.1. (北京)You may use the room as you like_you clean it up afterwards.Aso far as Bso long as Cin case Deven if2. (全国卷)Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?I dont mind where we go_theres sun，sea and beach.Aas if Bas long as Cnow that Din order that3(安徽)Do you have a minute？Ive got something to tell you.OK，_you make it short.Anow that Bif only Cso long as Devery timeif not在本句中是if you are not using it的省略形式I think the train leaves at midday.Youd better take a taxi.If not，maybe youll miss it.Is anybody feeling cold？If not，lets put the central heating off.(1)if so如果这样 Have you got a free evening next week？If so，lets have dinner together.(2)if any若有 Point out errors，if any.(3)if necessary如果有必要 Take this camera with you，if necessary.(安徽)Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?Yes._，Im going to visit some homes for the old in the city.A If ever BIf busy CIf anything DIf possible.单词拼写1There are large_(数量) of rain in the area of the country every summer.2Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into_(存在)3The_(数据) is still being analysed.So dont be so worried.4The earthquake was a terrible_(大灾难)5A rainbow is a natural_(现象) especially after a heavy rain.1I still remember how many years ago_I last met her in the countryside.Awhen it was Bwas it that Cwhen was it Dit was that2We have made_clear that we are strongly against smoking in the office.Athis Bthat Cit Done3Flowers growing in a wellequipped greenhouse find_hard to survive in the wild.Ait Bthat Cso Dvery4Ive just seen no more than one copy of Gone with the Wind in the bookshop opposite.Tom，go and buy_back.Aone Bany Cit Dsome5What an exciting party! Yes，the night seems as if_would never end.Athere Btime Cthat DitUnit 3【答案】1. risk2. abused3. ashamed4 .cigarettes5. mental【答案】1. decided on2. at risk 3. become addicted to4. get accustomed to5. In spite ofDCBA ADAAB8
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