Unit-1-Helping-those-in-need-重点词汇讲解

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精品文档,仅供学习与交流,如有侵权请联系网站删除Unit 1 Helping those in need 重点词汇讲解第一课时:1. raise v. 筹集;提升;增加第三人称单数:raises 过去式:raised 过去分词:raised 现在分词:raising 搭配:raise ones voice 提高嗓门;raise a family 养家糊口;raise money 筹款; raise price 提高价格;raise ones spirits 打起精神 raise = keep 有“饲养,抚养”的意思,如: raise cattle = keep cattle(饲养牲口)和raise children(抚养孩子) 辨析:raise, rise(rise-rose-risen)的区别(1) 这两个词都有“提高,上升,增加”的意思,但其用法不同。 raise是及物动词,其主语通常是人;而rise是不及物动词,其主语通常是物。例如: The sun rises and bathes the earth. 太阳升起,普照大地。(2) raise和rise用于同一事物时含义不同。例如: The price of TV sets has been raised recently. 最近电视机提价了。(政府或厂家主动行动) The price of TV sets has risen recently. 最近电视机提价了。(市场调节) 2. permission n. = agreement 准许;批准 Write a letter to the head teacher to ask permission to raise money. 给校长写一封信请求允许筹钱。 同根词:permit v. = allow you to do it 许可,准许;默许 The guards permitted me to bring my camera and tape recorder. 3. disabled adj. 有伤残的;丧失能力的;不中用 I taught disabled children to sing. 我教残疾的孩子唱歌。 同根词:disable v. = make (sb.) unable to do sth. 使无能力;使残废,使伤残 He is disabled from voting. 他失去了选举资格。 enable v. = make (sb.) able to do sth. 使(某人)能够做某事 The new test should enable doctors to detect the disease early. 新的检测手段应该能够使医生们尽早查出这种疾病。 搭配:mentally disabled 有智力缺陷 learning disabilities 学习障碍 4. offer v. = be willing to do something 主动提出 Peter offered to teach them water-skiing. 彼得主动提出教他们滑水。 搭配:offer ones hand 伸出友好的手 offer sb. sth. 为某人提供某物 They have offered me a large sum of money to go away. 他们曾为我提供一大笔搬迁费 辨析:provide, offer的区别: provide用于表示无主动慷慨之意地为人或物提供需要或有用的东西,仅仅是出于某种责任,强调提供必须用的东西,尤其是生活用品。常用于provide sb. with sth. 或provide sth. for sb. 的固定搭配中。offer表示主动提供服务、工作等。常用于offer sb. sth.或offer sth. to sb. 固定搭配中。例如:offer sb.主动提出帮助某人;offer sb. a good salary 给某人一个好工资。 Somehow she managed to provide her children with food and clothing. 她总算设法使她的孩子有饭吃,有衣穿。 He offered me a glass of wine. = He offered a glass of wine to me. 他端给我一杯酒。 5. illness n. (某种)病 The children there all suffer from serious illness. 那里的孩子都遭受疾病的折磨。 同根词:ill adj. 有病的 (比较级:worse, 最高级:worst) 辨析:ill, sick的区别: ill和sick都有“生病的;有病的”之意,但用法并不完全相同。 ill表示“生病的;有病的”这一意思时,一般用作表语,不能作定语;而sick既可以作表语又可以作定语,如“病人”可以说a sick man或the sick, 但不能说an ill man或the ill。例如: She is ill/sick in bed. 她卧病在床。 She is looking after her sick father. 她在照顾她生病的父亲。 sick 有“恶心的;厌倦的”之意。例如:The smell makes me sick. 这气味使我感到恶心。 ill作定语修饰名词时是“坏的;邪恶的”之意。例如: He is an ill man. 他是一个邪恶的人。6. organize v. 组织 In the end, we all decided to organize a concert for Easter. 最终,我们一致决定组织一场复活节音乐会。 同根词:organization n. 组织;机构;团体 What do you know about our organization? 关于我们的组织你知道些什么?7. express v. 表达;表露 This helps them express their feelings. 这有助于他们表达他们的情感。 同根词:expression n. 表现,表示,表达;表情 She gave expression to her sadness. 她流露出了悲伤之情。 8. lonely adj. 孤独的;寂寞的;荒凉的 (比较级:lonelier最高级:loneliest) It felt like the loneliest place in the world. 感觉这就像是天底下最荒凉的地方。 辨析:lonely, alone的区别: alone为形容词,意为“单独的”,只作表语,不能作定语。侧重说明独自一人,没有助手或同伴,没有感情色彩的只表示客观的状态。 lonely意为“孤独的”,表示主观上感到孤独、寂寞,有较浓的感情色彩,指因缺少朋友、同情、友谊等产生的一种悲伤和忧郁的感情。它为形容词,在句中作表语或定语。作定语时,意为“荒凉;偏僻”,多修饰表示地点的名词。 alone还可以作副词。 alone adv. 单独;独自 She went home alone.= She went home by herself. 她独自回家去了。 The old man lives in a lonely town, he lives alone but he doest feel lonely. 这位老人住在偏僻的镇上,他独自一人住着,但他并不感到孤独。第二课时:1. friendship n. 友情;友谊 同根词:friend n. 朋友 复数:friends. I had a long talk about this with my best friend. friendly adj. 友好的 Robert has a friendly relationship with his customers. 罗伯特和他的客户之间关系处得很好。 friendliness n. 友善 She also loves the friendliness of the people. 她也喜欢人们的友善。 2. difficulty n. = be not able to do something easily 困难;费劲 The country is facing great economic difficulties. 该国正面临巨大的经济困难。 同根词:difficult adj. = hard to do 困难的 The child is going through a difficult phase. 那孩子正经历困难的阶段。 搭配:have difficulty (in) doing something 做有困难 I had no difficulty (in) making myself understood. 我毫不费力地表达了自己的意思。 in difficulty/difficulties 处境困难 The bank is in difficulty/difficulties. 这家银行处境困难。 3. joy n. = a feeling of great happiness 愉快;喜悦 I taught them to sing because music can bring them joy and peace. 我教他们唱歌,因为音乐能带给他们喜悦与宁静。 同根词:joyful n. 快乐的,高兴的;令人开心的,使人喜悦的 He was excited and joyful at the success. 他因成功而激动欣喜。 搭配:to ones joy 令人高兴的是,使某人高兴的是 To her joy her son was permitted to a key university. 4. peace n. 平静;宁静 the Nobel Peace Prize 诺贝尔和平奖 One more question and Ill leave you in peace. 再问一个问题,我就不打扰你了。 同根词:peaceful adj. 和平的;爱好和平的;安静的;平静的 Evening in the country is a very peaceful time. 乡村里的今晚是平静安谧的时刻。 5. hurt v. = injure 使疼痛;受伤 Tim hurt his legs in an accident, but he has lots of courage. 提姆在一次事故中伤了腿,但他很勇敢。 同根词:hurt adj. 受伤的;痛苦的;(受)损坏的 They did not seem to be badly hurt. 他们看起来没有受重伤。 搭配:hurt oneself 受伤 Have you hurt yourself? 你伤着自己了吗? 6. courage n. 勇气;勇敢 He showed great courage and determination. 他表现得十分勇敢和果断。 同根词:encourage v. 鼓励,鼓舞;支持;促进;鼓动 My English teacher often encourages us to read English aloud. 我的英语老师常常鼓励我们大声读英语。 搭配:take ones courage in both hands 鼓起勇气去做;敢作敢为 Taking her courage in both hands, she opened the door and walked in. 她壮着胆打开门,走了进去。 courage in the face of danger 面对危险时的胆量 7. pay v. 付款;偿还 We paid 35 for each ticket. 我们每张票付了35英镑。 同根词:pay n. 工资;薪水;报答 They complained about their pay and conditions. 他们抱怨他们的薪水和工作条件。 搭配:pay off 偿清(债务);支付(债务)的全部数额 pay attention to 注意 pay a visit to 去参观,拜访 pay for 为付款 辨析:spend, take, cost和pay的用法区别: take, spend, cost, pay都可以表示“花费”,但用法却不尽相同。 spend的主语必须是人,常用于以下结构: (1)spend time/money on sth. 在上花费时间(金钱)。例如: I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。 (2)spend time/money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事。例如: They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。 (3)spend money for sth. 花钱买 例如: His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。 cost的主语是物或某种活动,还可以表示“值”,常见用法如下: (1)sth. costs (sb.) + 金钱,某物花了(某人)多少钱。例如: A new computer costs a lot of money. (2)(doing) sth. costs (sb.) + 时间,某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间。例如: Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。 注意:cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。 take后面常跟双宾语,常见用法有以下几种: (1)It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。例如: It took them three years to build this road. 他们用三年时间修完了这条路。 (2)doing sth. takes sb. + 时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。例如: Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。 pay的基本用法是: (1)pay (sb.) money for sth.付钱(给某人)买 例如: I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英镑的房租。 (2)pay for sth. 付的钱 例如: I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。 (3)pay for sb. 替某人付钱 例如: Dont worry! Ill pay for you. 别担心,我会给你付钱的。 (4)pay sb. 付钱给某人 例如: They pay us every month. 他们每月给我们报酬。 (5)pay money back 还钱 例如: May I borrow 12 yuan from you? Ill pay it back next week. (6)pay off ones money 还清钱。 cost 某物价值多少元 The book costs 2 yuan. 那本书2元钱 spend某人花费多少元 We spend 2 yuan buying the book. 我们花费2元买那本书。 注意:cost的主语是物(某物花费了多少),spend的主语是人(某人花费了多少)。 sth. cost sb. some money sb. spend some money/time on sth. / (in) doing sth. The car cost him around ten thousand US dollars. 这车花去他一万美元左右。 The error cost the company one million pounds. 这错误使公司损失了一百万英镑。 spend 主语只能是人,表示“在上花费了” I spent MYM 100 on the bike. 我花了一百美元买下那辆自行车。 They spent three months touring Europe. 他们花了三个月时间周游欧洲。 总结: take一般用it作主语,例如:it takes sb. sometime to do sth. spend一般是人作主语,例如:I spend an hour finishing my homework. cost表示某物值什么的(价值或钱),例如:The book cost 200 yuan. pay一般是人作主语,例如:I pay lots of money for books.【精品文档】第 5 页
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