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题型七 任务型阅读,河北中考五年命题规律及趋势 年份体裁和话题考查方式2016健康环保类说明文：主要讲食品的安全71题完成句子；7273题回答问题；74题找主题句；75题英译汉2015说明文：介绍了保护邮票的几种方法71题完成句子；7273题回答问题；74题找主题句；75题英译汉2014说明文：手表的演变历程76题完成句子；77题回答问题；78题填单词；79题找主题句；80题英译汉。2013说明文：泡泡房的介绍76题判断正误；77题完成句子；78题回答问题；79题找主题句；80题英译汉2012说明文：电视的现状及成功的原因76题判断正误；77题完成句子；7879题回答问题；80题英译汉 【规律总结】近五年任务型阅读均为说明文，话题涉及生活用品、社会生活和现代科技。2012年延续2011年设题形式稳定，76题判断正误，77题完成句子，7879题回答问题，80题英译汉；2013年将79题改为找主题句；2014年又有调整，76题完成句子，77题回答问题，78题填单词，7980题未变化；2015年再次调整，71题完成句子，7273题回答问题，74题找主题句，75题英译汉；2016年延续2015年设题形式稳定下来。【命题趋势及预测】体裁和话题：说明文；生活用品；现代科技或社会生活。考查题型：完成句子，回答问题，找主题句，英译汉，判断正误，填单词。,解题方法与技巧任务型阅读题型多样，设题自由开放，内容广泛。它不仅考查考生的阅读理解能力，还考查考生的语言组织能力、单词拼写能力、英汉互译能力以及其他语言知识，较好地呼应了新课标所倡导的“任务型语言教学”模式。所给的文章易于理解并贴近考生生活实际。旨在考查考生运用所学语言知识的能力，在对篇章整体理解的基础上，考查考生根据上下文的意思和逻辑联系进行推理、判断的能力。本题型重点涉及到单词填空、简略回答、翻译句子等知识的运用。一、通读全文，感知任务答题前，认真阅读文章，掌握文章提供的信息内容，同时要明确文章的中心思想，为答题做好准备。二、紧扣原文，搜寻信息通读全文后，再浏览问题，从原文中找出能回答问题的关键信息。三、全面兼顾，准确作答除了注意书写规范以外，还要确保表达的准确性，要注意语态、时态和人称等的变化。四、认真检查，验证答案完成任务后要把答案带入原文，检查所写的答案是否符合要求，发现问题及时解决。(2016河北中考)Where does your food come from？How is it made？These days，many people worry about food safety.But food safety is not a new worry.In 1906，Upton Sinclair wrote the Jungle.The book is the story of a poor family in Chicago.It is also about the dangerous ways that food was prepared.People were so worried that the US started testing food.These days，most food in the world is safe.Laws control where food comes from.They also control how food is managed and prepared.Laws are important.But_its_more_important_to_make_sure_the_rules_are_followed.A good food safety system(系统) keeps people safe.It also helps them eat healthy food.Labels(标签) on food give people important information.Then they can make good choices about their food.Although food safety systems usually work，there can be problems.Sometimes mistakes are made.For example，a truck might carry eggs and then icecream.The icecream could make people sick when the truck isnt cleaned before carrying it.Other problems are not mistakes.Sometimes companies break rules to make more money.When this happens，people dont know if their food is safe.As we all know，food is closely related to our daily life.We should take actions to make food safer!1题完成句子；23题简略回答问题；4题找出并写下第三段的主题句；5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。1People were so worried about food safety that the US started_.2What can people do after reading the information on food labels?_.3When could icecream make people sick in the example?_.4_.5_. 【考点】任务型阅读；健康环保类阅读。【主旨大意】这篇文章主要讲的是食品安全。当今很多食物都是安全的，因为有法律保护，然而，法律的监控仍然不够，更重要的是要让人自觉遵循。另外，食品安全体系虽然有效，但有时错误也会发生。食品安全与我们息息相关，我们需采取行动让食品更安全。1testing food/to test food 【解析】完成句子类。从原文第一段“People were so worried that the US started testing food”可知答案。2. They/People can make good choices/a good choice(about their food) 【解析】回答问题类。从原文第二段结尾“Labels(标签) on food give people important information.Then they can make good choices about their food.”可知因果关系通过阅读标签，可以做出好的选择。3When the truck isnt cleaned/clean(before carrying it) 【解析】回答问题类。从第三段“a truck might carry eggs and then ice cream.The ice cream could make people sick when the truck isnt cleaned before carrying it.”可知，一个小车能装鸡蛋也能装冰激凌，如果装完鸡蛋，没有清洗就装冰激凌，可能会让人生病。4Although food safety systems usually work，there can be problems. 【解析】找主题句类。第三段第一句即为中心句，后面是讲到了导致食品不安全的两个问题。因此答案为第三段的第一个句子。5但是确保/保证执行/遵守法律/法规更加重要。【解析】英译汉类。重点句式为it的用法，it在此处为形式主语，真正的主语为“to make sure the rules are followed”，因此翻译时要把“更重要”翻译出来。“follow the rules”为“遵循法规”很重要，因此可以类似翻译。【点评】任务型阅读对考生的能力要求较高，考生需先通读全文，把握主旨大意，了解文章结构，再浏览题目，准确作答。,考点：完成句子类方法突破：该题是要求考生根据文章来补充句子，考生只需找到该句的位置，与题干一一对照，找出其中相应位置空缺的内容补上即可。填好所缺单词，做完题后还要从句子结构、语法形式和意义上进行复查，确保答案正确。 考点：回答问题类方法突破：回答问题类题目，在答题前，首先应该快速浏览所提问题，然后带着这个问题，有的放矢地去阅读文章，获取与问题有关的信息。对那些在文章中找不到答案的问题，必须再通读全文，对获得的信息进行整理，通篇考虑全文，才能写出答案。答完问题后要进行检查，确保答案在语法、拼写及标点符号等方面准确无误。 考点：找主题句类方法突破：如果题干要求找出某自然段的主题句，学生必须仔细阅读该自然段，掌握其大意，找出能概括该自然段的主题句。如果题干要求找出文章的主题句，则需要浏览文章大意。通常主题句位于自然段或文章的开头或结尾。 考点：英译汉类方法突破：解答英译汉的题目，先略读全文，从整体上把握整篇文章的内容，并理解画线部分与文章其他部分之间的语法及逻辑关系，然后找出句中的固定短语、从句或固定句型等，翻译出合理的汉语句子。解答此类题型时要注意几点：要根据上下文翻译，不要断章取义；翻译时要与汉语语言习惯相联系，不要逐词死译；注意文化差异；注意习语、谚语。,河北2016考点精炼Passage 1(2016石家庄新华区模拟)关于数字技术的调查Teachers say the digital(数字的) age has had a good influence and a notsogood influence on this generation of American teenagers.More than 2 000 middle and high school teachers took an online survey.Researchers also spoke with teachers in key groups.Threequarters of the teachers said the Internet and digital search tools have had a “mostly positive”effect(正面影响) on their students research habits and skills.But 87% of the teachers agreed that these technologies are creating an “easily distracted(分心) generation with short attention spans”And 64% of the teachers said the technologies“do more to distract students than to help them with their subjects”Many_students_think_“doing_research”_now_means“_just_doing_a_quick_search_on_Google”The Pew Internet Project did the survey with the College Board and the National Writing Project.Ms.Judy Buchanan is one of the writers of the report.She says digital research tools are helping students learn more and learn faster.“Teachers really accept these tools because they are ways to make some of learning exciting.Young people accept these tools.And the goal(目标) is to really help them become creators of content，and meaningful content，and not just users，”she adds.1题完成句子；23题简略回答问题；4题用英语表达文中画线单词they所指代的内容；5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。1According to the passage over 2 000 teachers took a survey _online_2What is the passage about?_It_is_about_a_survey._3How are digital tools helping students learn?_Theyre_helping_students_learn_more_and_learn_faster._4_These_tools/digital_research_tools._5_许多学生认为现在“做研究”只意味着到谷歌上快速检索一下_Passage 2(2016邯郸升学一模)Experiencing life is a kind of learning.And there are several things that life has taught me that I want to share with you.Take care of your body.Whether you like it or not，life is unfairly biased(有偏见的) towards people who look good.So its important that you do all to make you look best.I mean dressing nicely，exercising regularly and eating healthily.If you take care of your body，you will live longer and more happily，and you may even get better paid on your job.You_should_remember_that_your_health_is_always_your_greatest_wealth.Think in the long term.In high school I was thinking about college.In college I was thinking about life after college.Im designing my life and Im making decisions today that will enable me to live the life I hope for in the future.You have to think in the long term；you have to see the “big picture”By planning your future properly，you will live into your plans.Besides，I have something else to share with you.Be clear about the power of focus.Nothing is more important than focus.If you fail in the lifetime，maybe its mainly because of broken focus.If you focus on the goals that are important to you，you will achieve them.What separates the winners from the losers is that the winners learn to focus on their goals.The winners just focus on achieving what is critical(关键的) to their goals.1题完成句子；23题简略回答问题；4题找出并写下最后一段的主题句；5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。1According to the passage，life is unfairly biased towards people who _look_good_2How will you live into your plans?_By_planning_our/my_future_properly._3What separates the winners from the losers?_The_winners_learn_to_focus_on_their_goals._4_Be_clear_about_the_power_of_focus._5_你应该记住你的健康永远是你最大的财富。_Passage 3(2016保定调研)Look around and youll see people busy with their smartphones.Smartphones do make our lives much easier than before.But have you ever thought about what they mean to your eyes?According to a study，half of British people own smartphones and they spend an average(平均) of two hours a day using them.There has been a 35% increase in the number of people in the UK who are shortsighted since smartphones were introduced there in 1997.Looking at smartphones for a long time gives you dry eyes.When looking at something in the distance，your eyes automatically blink(自动眨眼) a certain number of times.However，when you look at things closer to your face，the blinking slows down.This causes discomfort in your eyes.Another bad habit is using smartphones in dark rooms before going to sleep.If you look at a bright screen and your pupils(瞳孔) become larger，too much light enters your eyes.This can do harm to the eyes and cause a disease called glaucoma(青光眼)While youre probably not going to stop using your smartphone，there are several things you can do to protect your eyes.Hold your phone at least 30 centimeters away from your eyes when using it.Take a break every hour and try the following：looking at something at least five meters from you and then try to look at your nose.Repeat this several times.It_should_make_your_eyes_more_comfortable.So please remember to use your smartphones in a proper way.1题完成句子；23题简略回答问题；4题找出并写下全文的主题句；5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。1Our lives become _(much)easier(than_before)_ because of smartphones.2When were smartphones introduced to the UK?_In_1997._3What happens when our pupils become larger?_Too_much_light_enters_our_eyes._4_So_please_remember_to_use_your_smartphones_in_a_proper_way._5_这应该使你的眼睛感觉更舒服。_Passage 4(2016唐山开平区九年级二模)This years Earth Hour falls on the 19th of March.Earth Hour is an event where you turn off all unnecessary lights and power between 8p.m9p.m.However，you dont just sit at home in the dark for an hour.Instead，people gather in groups and have fun without using power.Things like dancing，fireworks and musical performances are popular and its very fun to take part.Many celebrities also take part in Earth Hour and this year is very important as it is the tenth year of the project.Earth Hour isnt just about saving energy.People can do many other things to protect the environment.Im_a_big_fan_of_trying_to_save_the_environment.Ive taken part in Earth Hour every year for the last five years and Ive been part of lots of activities at school and at university.Last year，for example，my university had an outdoor cycle cinema.At the cycle cinema，the only way to keep watching the film is to keep riding your bike，if everyone stops，then the screen will turn off！Luckily，there were many of us to help keep the movie going and we took turns.It was very cold outside at night，but we had hot chocolate and blankets for the people who werent cycling.Everyone who was there had a lot of fun.Here in my small town in Italy，Earth Hour isnt a very big thing.In fact，few know what it is！I explain to some of my students what happen during Earth Hour and they are very keen to take part.I think that Earth Hour is a very fun way to raise awareness(意识) about the environment.We only have one planet，so it is important to keep it safe.A lot of my students feel like，as young people，they cant do that much to help protect the planet.In fact anything can help，Earth Hour proves that even doing a little thing，like turning the lights off for one hour，can make a difference.So lets all take action now.1题完成句子；2题简略回答问题；3题写出文中画线单词it所指代的内容；4题归纳文章的主题；5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。1People can _gather_in_groups_and_have_fun_ during the time without using power.2How could the writer and others make the movie continue?_They_had_to_keep_riding_their_bikes_without_stopping._3The underlined word “it” here refers to _“(one)_planet”_4The passage mainly talks about _Earth_Hour/Activities_for_Earth_Hour_5_我是拯救环境的狂热爱好者。_Passage 5(2015张家口宣化区升学一模)David and Amir first met in their chemistry class at an American university.Amir was an international student from Jordan.He was excited to get to know an American.He wanted to learn more about American culture and hoped that he and David would become good friends.At first，David seemed very friendly.He always greeted Amir warmly before class.Sometimes he offered to study with Amir.He even invited Amir to have lunch with him.But after the term was over，David seemed distant(冷漠的)The two former classmates didnt see each other very much at school.One day Amir decided to call David.David didnt seem very interested in talking to him.Amir was hurt by Davids change of attitude(态度)“David said we were friends，”Amir complained.“And I thought friends were friends forever，”Amir was a little confused(困惑的)As a foreigner，he doesnt understand the way Americans view(看待) friendship.Americans use the word “friend” in a very general way.They may call both casual acquaintances(熟人) and close companions“friends”These friendships are based on common interests.When the shared activity ends，the friendship may be gone.Now as David and Amir are no longer classmates，their friendship has changed.In some cultures friendship means a strong lifelong bond(关系) between two people.In these cultures friendships develop slowly，since they are built to last.American society is one of rapid change and American families move frequently.American friendships develop quickly，and they may change just quickly as well.People from the United States may at first seem friendly.Americans often chat easily with strangers.But American friendliness is not always an offer of true friendship.After an experience like Amirs，people whove been in this country for only a few months may consider Americans to be changeable.Learning_how_Americans_view_friendship_can_help_nonAmericans_avoid_misunderstandings.It can also help them make friends in the American way.1题判断正误(T or F)；2题简略回答问题；3题用英语表达文中画线单词they所指代的内容；4题用英语简要概括出本文的主题；5题将画线句子译成汉语。( T )1.Davids cold attitude made Amir a little confused.2Why do American friendships develop and change so quickly?_Because_American_society_is_one_of_rapid_change_and_the_families_move_frequently._3_American_friendships._4This passage mainly tells us _how_Americans_view_friendship_5_了解美国人如何看待友谊能帮助非美国人避免误解_Passage 6(2016邯郸升学二模)When I waited in the living room，I saw my dad come up the path with a white envelope in his hand.I had waited all day for this.As soon as he set foot in the house，I reached over him to get itHe threw the envelope on the table and said that there was nothing to get excited about.I was looking forward to seeing my report for my first year in high school.I opened the report and saw that I came in first in my class.I was feeling so excited.But when I saw my dads cold face and heard his cold words，I was really hurt by how he ignored(忽视) my hard work.I didnt know why but said nothing，and just shut the door with a bang.I got a good mark and I wanted to share my happiness with someone，but I felt alone.Thinking over what had happened to us，I suddenly realized something.I was so busy studying that I had kept away from my family unconsciously(不知不觉地)We used to watch movies and play tennis together on weekend afternoons.I wondered when that had stopped.Then I realized they had not stopped but I just no longer joined them.My family is very important to me，so I do not want to destroy that relationship.I wanted to apologize for my rude behavior，because without their support，my achievements meant nothing.As I went over to him，my dad said，“Youve_done_well，and_your_mother_and_I_are_proud_of_youBut we do not want to use your achievements to define(定义) who you are.”Although my head may be in the clouds with all my ambitions，my family keeps my feet on the ground.Whatever you do，remember family is always important.1题用英语表达文中画线单词it所指代的内容；23题简略回答问题；4题从文中找出并写下本文的主题句；5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。1_The(white)_envelope_2How did the writer feel when he saw his report?_He_felt_excited._3Why had the writer kept away from his family?_Because_he_was(so)_busy_studying._4_Whatever_you_do，remember_family_is_always_important._5_你做得很好，而且，我和你妈妈因你而感到骄傲。_Passage 7(2017原创预测)When I began high school，I wasnt the most confident kid.I didnt believe I could attend college.I did well at school and took part in few afterschool activities.Many teens at that age went through things during high school years，and I wasnt an exception.My teachers guided me through so many difficult things and made sure I always stayed positive(积极乐观的)The time came to apply(申请) to college and I didnt have an interest in it.They encouraged me to get a degree.Because they saw something in me，they encouraged me to try.But I didnt think that I was clever enough to attend a fouryear university.While I studied in DePauw University，I experienced a culture shock(冲击)When I came home for a break，I would go and visit my teachers.They were always ready to provide me with a space to talk about my experiences with them.They always gave me the best advice.Perhaps they didnt realize it，but by providing me with a space to tell about my experiences，they were helping me.Every word of encouragement helped me.I knew that they believed in me，and I didnt want to let them down.Without them，I couldnt graduate from DePauw University.While in high school，they offered me so much guidance on my study，but they guided me more in my personal life.Their_advice_has_played_an_important_part_in_shaping_who_I_am_today.They believed in me so much that I started to believe in myself.It is because of teachers like them that students gain confidence.1题完成句子；23题简略回答问题；4题归纳文章的主题；5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。1While studying in DePauw University，the writer returned to high school to share his feelings with _his_teachers_2Why didnt the writer want to apply to college?_Because_he_thought_he_wasnt_clever_enough._3What did the writer mean by saying that he wasnt an exception?_He_also_went_through_things_during_high_school_years._4The passage mainly tells us _the_writers_high_school_helped_him_to_gain_confidence_5他们的建议对于塑造今天的我起了非常重要的作用。_Passage 8Have you ever taken photos by using mobile phones with selfie sticks(自拍杆)？For better or worse，they have taken the world by storm.However，a pair of US artists from New Mexico，Arie Snee and Justin Crowe believe they have invented a better one and they call it “selfie arm”The new invention is a small，useful and cleverly designed tool.It makes those people in the pictures seem to be holding hands with a loved one.The pair say it offers a far better experience than using a straight stick.The selfie arm makes people feel they are not alone when they take photos.It seems that they are together with their friends.They think their invention solves the main problem of the selfie stickpeople look alone while they are taking pictures of themselves with great interests.The product，at present，just an art project and a model，conveniently provides you a welcoming arm.And better yet in the future，itll talk in a friendly way and never get angry or upset.The pair say they are fascinated by these new ideas.The “selfie arm” is made of fiberglass.It_is_lightweight_and_easy_to_take.The project that they work on shows the growing selfie phenomenon(现象) directly and the increasing need for narcissism(自恋)1题完成句子；23题简略回答问题；4题找出文章第三段的主题句；5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。1People use mobile phones with selfie sticks _to_take_photos_2What is the selfie arm like?_It_is_a_small，useful_and_cleverly_designed_tool._3How do people feel when they take photos of themselves with selfie arms?_They_feel_they_are_holding_hands_with_a_loved_one./They_fee
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