历年高考英语宾语英语宾语从句

。.。.高考英语宾语从句一、关联词关联词又称 “连词 ”或 “引导词 ”，是宾语从句的重要组成部分。连词： 1.连接代词（ that，who，whom ，what，which ）2.连接副词（when，where，why ， how）3.从属连词（ if ， whether ）由一般疑问句转变而来的宾语从句，用 if 或 whether 在试卷中一般依据从句中 “缺什么补什么 ”的原则，结合上下文选用恰当的连词。 如：引导 .1. I don t know who will be our headteacher next semester.缺指人的主语用who，如缺指物的主语则用 what。2. I doubt what my epal will write soon.缺指物的宾语用what，如缺指人的宾语则用whom。3. I think that my deskmate will get through all the major subjects.句子不缺成分，用that; 如果 that后跟有代词，可省略that。4. She let me know when the meeting would be held. 缺时间状语， 用 when；缺地点状语， 用 where；缺原因状语，用 why ；缺方式状语，用 how。5. I don t know which / what topic I should choose.缺定语，用what 或 which 。6. The teacher asked whether / ifI was getting readyfor the coming test.表示 “是否（有，能，已经 ） ”等含义，用whether 或 if 。7. I d be interested to know whether he will see the movie强“调是Dawn否对”比or时，not用.连词whether。例 1A computer can only do_ you have instructed it to do.A. howB. afterC. whatD. when例 2 Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game.例 3 The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _ he thought was not enough.例 4 The way he did it was different _ we were used to.例 5 He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning _ his teammates had done.A. whatB. whichC. whyD. while二、语序以从属连词（if ， whether）、连接代词（what， which ， who ， whose）和连接副词（when ，where， how， why）等引导的宾语从句用陈述句语序 。例 6 No one can be sure _ in a million years.A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like例 7 The boss went up to ask _.A. what the matter wasB. what s theattermC. what was the matterD. what the matter is三、时态宾语从句的时态要和主句相呼应:1. 如果主句谓语动词是现在时或将来时，从句谓语动词时态可不受约束；2. 如果主句谓语动词是过去时，从句谓语动词的时态须与之呼应；Eg.I thought he had gone to town today.3. 当从句叙述的是客观真理时，其谓语动词仍用现在时态。如：例 8 The manager entered the office and was happy to learn four fifths of the tickets _.A. was bookedB. had been bookedC. were bookedD. have been booked例 9 We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _ office soon.例10A. leavesB. would leaveC. had leftD. had been away Do you work in the lab every afternoon? No, but sometimes I wish I _.A. have timeB. had time to doC. have time toD. had time to四、宾语从句的减缩式宾语从句有时可减缩为“疑问词 +不定式 ”的形式。例 11 I ve worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job.例 12 It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.A. it what to do withB. what to do it withC. what to do with itD. to do what with it例 13 The mother didn t know_ to blame for the broken glasses as it happened while she was out.A. who B. whenC. howD. what五、宾语从句的特殊式1. 复合连接代词在宾语从句中的使用。如：Sarah hopes to become a friend of whoever shares her interest. （ whoever= anyone who / any person who）These wild flowers are so special I would do whatever I can to save them. （ whatever= anything that ） It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. whatever 在此处是泛指， 不可被 what 替代。而 “I can t remember at the moment who has said the words中.的 who” 表特定的某人，不可以改成 whoever。2. it 作形式宾语，从句作真正宾语。（ 1） 动词+ it + important / necessary / natural / etc. + thatclause。 thatclause 中谓语动词前可加should ，亦可省略。如：I think it important that you（ should） attend the conference.（ 2） 动词 + it + as +名词/ 形容词+ clause。如：（ 3）动词 + it + 介词 + thatclause。常见的有：owe it to sb. + thatclause（把 归功于某人） ， leaveit to sb. + thatclause（把 留给某人去做） ， take it for granted+ thatclause （想当然）， keep itin mind+ thatclause （记住 ）。如：I just took it for granted that he d always be around.（ 4） 动词+ it + clause 。如： I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.英语中少数介词很活跃，能带从句作其宾语。如：I go to see a film except when it rains.3. 含宾语从句的反意疑问句。当陈述部分带有 that 引导的宾语从句时， 疑问部分的主语和谓语一般应与陈述部分主句的主语和谓语保持对应关系。如：Brian told you that there wasn t anyone in the room at that time, didn t he?当陈述部分主句的主语是第一人称，谓语动词是think/believe/suppose / guess / imagine /expect / suspect / feel 等时，疑问部分的主语和谓语往往与陈述部分从句中的主语和谓语保持对应关系，此时实质上是将对主句的否定转移到对从句的否定上。如：I don t suppose anyone will volunteer, will they?4. 两个及以上表示陈述的宾语从句并列时，第一个连词that 可以省略，但第二个及以后的不可省。如： He told me（that） they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice.5. 主语+ be +形容词+ clause。如： I m afraid that I can t promise you anything.例 14 The poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get.A. whicheverB. howeverC. whateverD. whenever例 15 _ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A. WhoB. The oneC. Anyone D. Whoever例 16 I d appreciate _ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.例 17 I dontthink you could have been used to the quick pace of life while studying in the _. I thought of returning to our country at one time.例 18 With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _ hewas a man of action.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. whether宾语从句练习题类型一：引导词的运用（ 1） I don t know _or not A whether he is at homeB if he is at homeC that he is at homeD whether is he at home（ 2） This depends on _ the weather is fine （ 3） The teacher asked the new student _ class he was inA whichB whereC ifD that（ 4） I don t know _ Mr Green will come to see us He ll help us with our English A whyB whenC howD where（ 5） Be careful ！ Don t break the bottles Do you hear _ I said? David? Yes， Mum（ 6） Do you know _ Mr Black s address is?He may live at NO 18 or No 19 of Bridge Street I m not sure of _A where， whichB where， whatC what， whichD what ，（ 7） There is not much difference between the two I really don t know _ A what should I chooseB which I should chooseC which should I chooseD what I should choosewhere类型二：宾语从句的语序（ 1） Did you find out _?A she was looking for whose childB whose child was she looking forC whose child she is looking forD whose child she was looking for（ 2）Are you interested in _?A how did he do itB he did it howC how he did itD he how did it（ 3）I don t know _ Can you tell me?A how the two players are oldB how old are the two playersC the two players are how oldD how old the two players are（ 4）What did the scientist say? He said he wondered if _ into space by spaceship one day A he had to flyB he could flyC can he flyD could he fly（ 5） Excuse me， sir Could you tell me _?A Where the bank nearestB where is the nearest bankC where the nearest bank isD the nearest bank is where（ 6） She asked Tom _ with his car?A what the matter wasB what the matter isC what was the matterD what is the matter类型三：时态（ 1） It s 7： 30 I can t believe you_ cooking dinner yet ， SallyA haven t startedB didn tC don t startD hadnt started（ 2） The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 _ Christmas Day A isB wasC has beenD will be（ 3）The teacher said that the earth _round the sunA goesB goC wentD will go（ 4）We d like to tell you that you _the exam A have passedB had passedC passD will pass（ 5）“ Could you tell me_? ” “ Yes They _ to the library ”A where are the twins ， have beenB where were the twins ， have beenC where the twins are ， have goneD， where the twins were ， have gone（ 6）Our father said that he _ a new computer next week A will buyB have boughtC would buyD buys（ 7） I hear that he _ to Beijing yesterday A goesB will goC wentD have gone类型四：其他反意疑问句，it 做形式宾语（ 1） I don t think he is right ， _?A isnt heB is heC do ID don t I（ 2） He believes she is right ， _?A doesn t heB does heC is sheD isn t she（ 3） I thought that he disliked playing football， _?A didn t heB did heC did ID didn t I（ 4） I find _ important that we practice English every dayA itB thisC thatD what（ 5） You can t imagine _when they received the nice gift A how they were excitedB how excited they wereC how excited were theyD they were how excited高考题1 What did you parents think about your decision? They always let me do _ I think I should （06 全国）A whenB thatC howD what2 Please remind me _ he said he was going I may be in time to see him off A whereB whenC howD what（ 06 全国）3 Mary wrote an article onthe team had failed to win the game （ 05 全国卷）A whyB whatCwhoD that4 Someone is ringing the doorbell Go and see_ （ 2000 上海）A who is heB who he isC who is itD who it is5 We haven t heard from Jane for a long time What do you consider _to her? （NMET 1990 ）A was happeningB to happenC has happenedD happening答案类型一： ABABACB类型二 DCDBCC 类型三 AAAACCC类型四 BAAAB高考题 DBADC例题解析：例 1 解析：待选项在从句中充当to do 的宾语，故选C。例 2 解析：由于从句中句意清楚，结构完整，故可排除B 、C 项； D 项用于宾语从句时只起引导词的作用，无词义，同时不充当任何成分，而题干上下文表示因果关系，故选A 。例 3 解析：根据句子结构，for 后面的从句缺少主语，故答案为C。例 4 解析： 答案为 C。本题为词组 be different from 后跟 what 引导的宾语从句，不要误看作定语从句而选 D 。例 5 解析： 由句式结构可知 mention 后为宾语从句； do 作实意动词时为及物动词，故空格处需要既能作 do 的宾语，又能引导宾语从句的连词，答案为A 。例 6 解析： B 项是特殊疑问句语序，有悖于宾语从句的陈述语序；C、D 项句法、句意均不妥；A 项是陈述句语序，故正确。例 7解析： A 项易被判断成陈述句语序，颇具迷惑性。实际上，从句中的what 作主语， was 为系动词， the matter 是表语。 B、D 项时态错误， C 项正确。例 8解析：本题主句的谓语动词是过去时，从句中的事件先于主句的事件发生，且是被动，故选B。例 9解析： 根据关键词 soon 可知动作尚未发生，又因主句谓语动词made 为过去时，故选 B。例 10 解析： 答案为 D 。 wish 后接宾语从句，其谓语动词要用虚拟形式。例 11 解析： 宾语从句减缩式 “疑问词 +不定式 ”是解题关键。选项 C 是不定式的进行时，强调动作 “正在进行 ”，不符合题意，故选 B 。例 12 解析：“疑问词 +不定式 ”作及物动词know 的宾语，选项中it 代替了 the land，故正确答案为 C。例 13解析：B 、C、 D 项的疑问词用错，故选A 。例 14 解析：本题考查的引导词引导宾语从句，同时作get 的宾语。 B、 D 两项在句中是作状语的；由于没有给出明确的指代物，故A 项也不合适；答案为 C。例 15解析： whoever= anyone （ anybody / any person / he ） who，答案为 D。例 16解析： 答案为 B 。某些动词和动词短语（如appreciate，like ，hate，see to 等）后面不能直接带从句，往往需先插入it 再带 that， if 或 when 引导的从句。例 17解析： 本句带有推测的意味，疑问部分的谓语不能用情态动词。could have been 表示对过去的推测，故疑问部分的谓语应用were 与之对应，应选D。例 18 解析： 因从句 he was a man of action 为主系表结构，且表达肯定意义，不缺少句子成分，故选 B 项。