倒装句xuesheng

(倒装句)InversionInversionInversionInversionShe is a nice girl. She is a nice girl. 英语句子的语序英语句子的语序英语句子的英语句子的自然语序自然语序：英语句子的英语句子的倒装结构倒装结构:主语在前，谓语动词在后主语在前，谓语动词在后谓语动词放在主语之前谓语动词放在主语之前自然语序自然语序Is she a nice girl? Is she a nice girl? 倒装语序倒装语序完全倒装完全倒装部分倒装部分倒装*完全倒装：完全倒装：*部分倒装：部分倒装：全部谓语全部谓语放在放在主语主语之前之前只把只把助动词助动词,情态动词情态动词或或连系动词连系动词放在主语之前，放在主语之前，谓语的主体部分谓语的主体部分仍在主语之后仍在主语之后_英语英语倒装句倒装句分为两种：分为两种：_There is a table in the room.Why did you do it like that?Can you tell the following ?完全倒装完全倒装部分倒装部分倒装一、完全倒装一、完全倒装一一. 1) 在以在以now,then, soon, next; here,there, 等等时间时间或或地点地点副词开头的句子里。副词开头的句子里。 “Here, There, Now, Then + come (或或be, go, lie, run, follow,) + 主语主语 结构。结构。 Here comes the old lady!Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.There comes the bus.Now comes your turn.如果主语是人称代词如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。就不用倒装。如如:Here you are.There she comes.2) 表示表示方位方位的副词的副词out, in, up, down, away, off等置于句首等置于句首,要用全部倒装。要用全部倒装。如果主语是如果主语是人称代词人称代词,就不用倒装。就不用倒装。如如:In came Mr. White.Up went the arrow into the air.Away went the boy. /Higher and higher it flew2) There _. And here _. A. goes the phone; she comesB. is the phone going; is she C. does the phone go; does she comeD. the phone goes; come she 3) Out _, with a stick in his hand.A. did he rushB. rushed he C. he rushedD. he did rush4) _ from the top of the building when the policeman pointed the gun at him. A. Jumped down the robber B. Jumped the robber down C. Down jumped the robber D. Down the robber jumped3)There be结构。另外结构。另外,在此结构中可以用来在此结构中可以用来代替代替be动词的动词有动词的动词有:exist, seem, come, happen, appear, live, rise, stand，remain等表等表示状态的不及物动词。示状态的不及物动词。如如:There stood a dog before him.There exist different opinions on this question.巩固练习巩固练习:1) _ a beautiful palace _ the foot of the hill.A. There stand; at B. There stands; underC. Stands there; under D. There stands; at二二. . 当表示当表示地点或时间地点或时间的介词短语作状语的介词短语作状语(如如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of the room等等)位于句首位于句首 At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake. The soldiers ran to the building, on the top of which flew a flag. After dinner came a firework display in the garden.Under the tree was lying a wounded soldier. 5) Near the church _ cottage.A. was such an oldB. had a so oldC. was such old aD. is so an oldbe,stand,sit,come,lie注意：注意： 1. 谓语是谓语是及物动词或由及物动词或由“be+表语表语”构成时不构成时不用倒装：用倒装： At the top of the tower she could see the whole city. In the morning students are usually very busy. 2. 谓语动词是谓语动词是及物动词的被动语态及物动词的被动语态可用倒装。可用倒装。 In this chaper will be found a satisfactory answer1) Near the church was an old ruined cottage.2) First to arrive were their two cousins.3) Seated on the ground are a group of ladies.4) Going along with this big secret of making friends are some suggestions.5) Such was the story he told me. pron三三. 表语位于句首的句子。表语位于句首的句子。 6) _, a man of achievements, deep thoughts, but with simple habits. A. Einstein was such B. Such was Einstein C. Einstein was soD. So was Einstein7) _ are the days when teachers were looked down upon.A. Gone B. Go C. To go D. Going表语（介词短语表语（介词短语/形容词形容词/过去分词过去分词/进行时态进行时态中的现在分词）中的现在分词）+ be + 主语主语四四. 在直接引语中后面或中间加入在直接引语中后面或中间加入he（代词）（代词） said一类小句子，可以倒装，也可以不倒装；一类小句子，可以倒装，也可以不倒装；若若主语是名词，一般要倒装主语是名词，一般要倒装。“Where are you going?” asked he. (He asked.)“Youve made great progress this term.” said the teacher.“Tom”, said his father, “ You shouldnt make friends with such boys!”注意：注意：引用动词引用动词另有宾语另有宾语时，即使主语是名词时，即使主语是名词也不倒装。也不倒装。“Why didnt you join us!” Our monitor asked us.二、部分倒装二、部分倒装 部分倒装是把部分倒装是把be动词、情态动词、助动动词、情态动词、助动词放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词词放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词,要在主语之前加助动词要在主语之前加助动词do / does / did等等,而把而把原来的谓语动词变成原形放在主语之后。原来的谓语动词变成原形放在主语之后。 一一. 在以在以so, nor, neither 开头的句子里开头的句子里, 用于重复前用于重复前句部分的内容。句部分的内容。 ( so 表示表示“也是也是” neither/nor表示表示“也不也不” ）A fish can swim and so can I.I get up at seven and so does my brother.He didnt do it and neither did I.If you dont go, neither will I. 肯定句肯定句+ 否定句否定句+ so+倒装结构（倒装句指的是倒装结构（倒装句指的是另一个人或物另一个人或物）neither/nor +倒装结构（倒装句指的是倒装结构（倒装句指的是另一个另一个人或物人或物）否定句包括含有否定词的句子否定句包括含有否定词的句子Quick Response）如果后一个句子只是单纯的重复前面）如果后一个句子只是单纯的重复前面句子的意思，则不倒装句子的意思，则不倒装.（确实是）确实是） -It is hot today. -So it is. -He finished it on time. -So he did.4点注意：点注意：So + 主谓部分倒装主谓部分倒装 表示表示“也也.”So + 主谓不倒装主谓不倒装 表示表示“的确的确”）如按照别人的意思做了什么事，）如按照别人的意思做了什么事，soso也不也不用倒装用倒装( (某人照办了某人照办了）The teacher asked me to read louder , and I did so.3)当前面的句子中当前面的句子中主语、谓语或肯否定形主语、谓语或肯否定形式不同时式不同时，则用，则用so it is with.句型来表句型来表示。示。Tom likes singing, but he doesnt like dancing. Mary也是。也是。Tom is clever and he studies hard. So it is with Mary.So it is with Mary. 4）加前）加前/后缀（后缀（un-, im-,-less等）视为肯定句。等）视为肯定句。非否定意义非否定意义 The young man was impolite to us. His father was impolite to us, too. So was his father.二二. 在在so/suchthat句型中，句型中，so放在句首要部分放在句首要部分倒装倒装, 前倒后不倒前倒后不倒1. She got up so late that she missed the early bus.So late did she get up that she missed the early bus.2. I felt so difficult to live in an English-speaking country that I was determined to learn English well.So difficult did I feel to live in3. 这条河是如此的浅以至于鱼没法活（这条河是如此的浅以至于鱼没法活（shallow）So shallow is the river that fish cannot live in it.Such a fierce dog did he have that we had to wait beforewe could get in. Such a noise was there in the room that I couldnt go on with my work. To such a degree was he excited that he couldnt go to sleep that night.6) The doctor told Charlie to breathe deeply and _.A. so did CharlieB. Charlie did so C. Charlie does soD. did Charlie so7) So loudly _ that _ hear her clearly. A. did she speak; could everyone B. did she speak; everyone could C. she spoke; could everyone D. she spoke; everyone could三三. . 否定词否定词/ /短语或半否定词位于句首。短语或半否定词位于句首。1)这类词主要有：这类词主要有： never, neither, nor, nowhere, little, seldom(很少，不常）很少，不常）, rarely（很少，罕有）（很少，罕有）, hardly, scarcely（几乎不，简直没有）（几乎不，简直没有）, few, not, no等等, 2) 某些含有某些含有no的介词短语放在句首，意的介词短语放在句首，意为为“决不决不”，“任何情况下都不任何情况下都不”如如: at no time, by no means, under/in no circumstances, in no way, in no case, on no account, on no considerationNot a word did I say to him.Never have I found him so happy.Little does he care about what I said.Nowhere could I find him.At no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.In no way should I take the responsibility.On no account must this switch be touched. 1) He no more cared about what his friends thought about him. No more did he care about what his friends 2) She did not sing a single song at yesterdays party. Not a single song did she sing at yesterdays party. 注：否定词对主语进行否定不倒装。注：否定词对主语进行否定不倒装。 Not everyone can do things perfectly. Few people came to his birthday party yesterday. Little work was done yesterday. (注意区分）注意区分）Little do I dream of seeing such wonderful scenery（风景，景色）（风景，景色）. 四四. 用于三个表示强调的句型中：用于三个表示强调的句型中： 1. 含义为含义为“一一就就, 刚刚就就”, 指某事发生得指某事发生得过早。过早。 Hardly 倒装倒装句式句式 陈述陈述句语序句语序 Barely + （过去完成时）（过去完成时）+ when （过去时）（过去时） Scarcely No sooner + 倒装倒装句式句式 + than + 陈述陈述句语序句语序 （过去完成时）（过去完成时） （过去时）（过去时） 我一离开家天就下雨了。我一离开家天就下雨了。 I had no sooner left my house than it began to rain. No sooner had I left my house than it. I had hardly left my house when it began to rain 他一上床睡觉就睡着了。（他一上床睡觉就睡着了。（no soonerthan） He had no sooner gone to bed than he fell aleep. No sooner had he gone to bed than he fell asleep.巩固练习:1) Hardly _ the airport when the plane took off.A. I had arrived at B. had I arrivedC. had I reachedD. I had got to2) Have you ever seen anything like that before?No, _ anything like that before.A. I never have seen B. never I have seenC. never have I seen D. I have seen3) She is not fond of cooking, _ I.A. so amB. nor amC. neitherD. nor do2. Not only + 分句分句,but also + 分句分句句型中的句型中的前前一分句要部分倒装一分句要部分倒装。如如: Not only does John love Chinese, he is also good at speaking it. 但但not only.but also.连接主语时连接主语时,不倒装。不倒装。如如:Not only the mother but also the children are sick. _ himself wrong, but his friends were wrong. A. Not was only he B. Not only he C. Not only was he D. Not only was3. Not until放在句首放在句首,主主倒从不倒倒从不倒。如如: a. They didnt find the lost bike until last week. 强倒It was not until last week that they found the lost bike.Not until last week did they find the lost bike. b. He didnt realize the importance of time until my son entered the university. (先强后倒）It was not until my son entered the university that he realize the importance of time.Not until my son entered the university did he realize the importance of time. 9) Not until the early years of the 19th century _know what heat is. A. man didB. manC. didnt manD. did man10) Not until I began to work _ realize how much time I had wasted.A. didnt I B. did I C. I didntD. I2) He wasnt set free until liberation.Not until liberation was he set free.五五. only位于句首位于句首, 修饰副词、介词短修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句时语或状语从句时,要用要用部分倒装部分倒装。 副词副词Only 介词词组介词词组 + 助动词助动词+谓语谓语+主语主语 状语从句状语从句Only + 副词副词/介词短语介词短语/状语从句状语从句 + 倒装倒装注 意 only修饰的修饰的不是副词、介词短语或状不是副词、介词短语或状语从句时语从句时,则不用倒装语序。则不用倒装语序。 Only the teachers can come in 4) Only in this way _ make progress in your English. A. you B. can you C. you be able to D. will you able to 5) Only when the meeting was over_ go back to meet his friend.A. he could B. he was able to C. was he able toD. was able to heOnly by this means is it possible to explain it. (介词短语介词短语)只有通过这种方式才有可能解释（只有通过这种方式才有可能解释（possible）Only then did I realize the importance of math. (副词副词)在那时我才意识到数学的重要性。在那时我才意识到数学的重要性。Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work. (从句从句)六六. 在以在以often, well, many a time, now and again 等等方式或频度副词方式或频度副词(短语短语)开头的句子中开头的句子中,要用部分倒装结构。要用部分倒装结构。如如:Many a time has John given me good advice.Often have we made that test.Often did they think of going there, but they never had a chance. 12) Many a time _ swimming alone.A. the boy wentB. went the boy C. did the boy goD. did go the boy七七. 用于某些表示祝愿的句子里用于某些表示祝愿的句子里 May you succeed! May the friendship between the peoples of our two countries develop! 全部倒装：全部倒装： Long live the Peoples Republic of China! 八八. as, though引导的让步状语从句引导的让步状语从句“虽然，尽管虽然，尽管” Although my father is old, he insists on learning English. Old as my father is, he insists on learning English. Although he is child, he speaks English well. Child as he is, he speaks English well. Although he might try, he could not get out of the difficulty. Try as he might, he could not get out of the 当当as / though引导让步状语从句时引导让步状语从句时,可出现可出现v “名词名词 （不加冠词）（不加冠词）/ 形容词形容词 / 副词副词 / 分词分词 + as /though+ 主语主语 + 动词动词”v 或或“动词动词 + as/though + 主语主语 + 助动词助动词”的倒装的倒装v注意：注意： 1) 当表语是名词时当表语是名词时,名词前不加任何冠词。名词前不加任何冠词。 Child as he is, he knows more than we do .2) though既可以倒装，也可以不倒装。但既可以倒装，也可以不倒装。但although不可以不可以倒装倒装v 当当however, no matter how引导让步状引导让步状语从句时语从句时,常把常把however / no matter how + 形容词形容词 / 副词放在句首副词放在句首,此时此时主谓主谓不不倒装。倒装。vNo matter how well a poem is translated ,something of the spirit of the original work is lost. 了解：了解： 在比较状语和方式状语从句中，如果主语不在比较状语和方式状语从句中，如果主语不是人称代词，常可在主语前添加助动词是人称代词，常可在主语前添加助动词do以以代替前面已出现过的动词。（较难）代替前面已出现过的动词。（较难） Eg: I spend more than do my friends. She travelled a great deal as did most of her friends .倒装倒装倒装句的高考考点：倒装句的高考考点：全部倒装全部倒装部分倒装部分倒装1. 在以时间，地点，方位副词位于句首在以时间，地点，方位副词位于句首（now,then,here,there,up,down） 2. 表地点时间的介词短语位于句首。表地点时间的介词短语位于句首。1、Only+状语状语/副词副词/从句位于句首从句位于句首2、否定副词位于句首时、否定副词位于句首时3、在省去、在省去if的虚拟条件从句中。的虚拟条件从句中。4、So Neither Nor 位于句首时位于句首时5、as引导的让步状语从句引导的让步状语从句6、特殊句式、特殊句式3. 表语位于句首表语位于句首部分倒装部分倒装1、Only+状语状语/副词副词/从句位于句首从句位于句首2、否定副词位于句首时、否定副词位于句首时3、在省去、在省去if的虚拟条件从句中。的虚拟条件从句中。4、So Neither Nor 位于句首时位于句首时5、as引导的让步状语从句引导的让步状语从句6、特殊句式（一、特殊句式（一就就）7、方式或频度副词方式或频度副词(短语短语)位于句首位于句首1.1.英语动词有三种语气，英语动词有三种语气， 陈述语气，陈述语气，祈使语气和祈使语气和虚拟语气虚拟语气. .2. 2. 定义：用来表示说的话定义：用来表示说的话不是事实不是事实，或者是或者是不可能发生不可能发生或或可能性比较小可能性比较小的的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。语气叫虚拟语气。一、虚拟语气定义一、虚拟语气定义 虚拟条件从句的动词谓语（时态退一步，退成过去）结果主句的动词谓语时态进一步，进成从句的将来） 与现在事实相反 用一般过去式，be动词一律用werewould/could/might+动词原形 与过去事实相反 用过去完成时would/could/should+have+过去分词 将来实现的可能性不大 用一般过去式或were to +动词原形或should+动原 Would/should/could/might+动词原形 1. If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.2. If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug.3. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake.4. If he had been there, it wouldnt have happened.与现在事实相反与过去事实相反5. If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing.6. I think we could do it, if we planned it properly and could borrow the tools.7. If we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life.与未来事实相反 虚拟条件句的虚拟条件句的if 省略时，省略时，had, were, should 需与需与主语倒装主语倒装, 主句不倒装主句不倒装 Eg: If I had been there, I should have spoken to him. Had I been there, I should have spoken to him. If it were to snow tomorrow, we would be able to make a snowman in the courtyard. Were it to snow tomorrow, we would be able to make a snowman in the courtyard. If he should come here tomorrow, wed be happy. Should he come here tomorrow, wed be happy.Bye-bye !