资源描述
第二部分 语法专题突破篇专题一 名词,河北中考五年命题规律及趋势编者按：系统分析河北近5年试题，重点是单项选择、完形填空、词语运用题，逐命题点统计考查频次，表格直观呈现，并在各命题后批注考情，便于快速把握重点，逐一攻克。 考纲要求1.可数名词及其单复数 2.不可数名词 3.专有名词 4.名词所有格考查点年份题号选项设置分值名词词义辨析201629secret/advice/promise/purpose1分201529printer/radio player/camera1分43glass/weight/water/height1分44minute/night/day/week1分45mother/teacher/doctor/friend1分201430ice/soup/salt/sugar1分46boys/girls/men/women1分50town/market/garden/school1分55pay/time/advice/love1分201329color/size/smell/shape1分49fear/trouble/surprise/danger1分50titles/orders/stories/questions 1分51discussion/practice/meeting/review1分201230potato/banana/candy/pie1分53results/films/prizes/drawings1分55chance/practice/difference/experience1分名词单复数201677place1分83childchildren1分201579riverrivers1分80wishwishes1分201381footfeet1分201285festivalfestivals1分名词转换201685singsinger1分 分析河北近5年中考真题可以看出，名词为单项选择题的必考点，且近两年偏向名词词义在语境中的辨析，句子设置的语境贴近学生实际生活。对名词单复数的考查会和词义辨析结合，注重对语境的考查。对名词所有格的考查也会和单复数结合，侧重于不规则变化的名词复数。设题形式均为简单句，以两个单句为主，一个句子提供语境，另一个句子设题，词数在912个。另外，完形填空和词语运用中也会涉及对名词的考查，完形填空侧重考查名词的词义辨析，而词语运用则侧重对名词单复数的所有格的考查。预测2017年河北中考的单项选择仍会考查名词词义辨析题，且与语境紧密结合。完形填空也会涉及23道名词词义辨析题，且与上下文语境相结合。词语运用中考查名词变复数的可能性较大。,河北中考重难点突破名词名词的分类专有名词普通名词可数名词个体名词集体名词不可数名词物质名词抽象名词名词的数可数名词单数复数规则变化不规则变化不可数名词名词的所有格's所有格的构成及用法of所有格的构成及用法双重所有格名词的句法作用名词作主语、宾语、表语名词作定语、同位语、补语、状语 名词辨析【满分点拨】分析河北中考近几年单选和完形对名词辨析的考查，主要以语境辨析和近义词辨析为主。一、语境辨析分析河北中考近几年单选和完形，名词辨析侧重于对语境辨析的考查，同时较少涉及单复数、固定搭配。学生在做题时，首先应读懂句意，抓住题干中关键信息，并分析各个选项的意思，结合日常生活的常识及语境，即可选出正确答案。学生可结合河北试题研究话题词汇分类速记表中常见名词基本词义，并背诵教材中常见的固定搭配。二、近义词辨析近义名词在河北中考中没有涉及，老师可根据以下所列常见近义名词适当补充。1family，home，house与room2noise，sound与voice3question与problem4work与job5message，information与news6village，city与countryside7clothes，cloth与clothing8photo，picture与drawing9population与people10road，street，path与way11exercise，exercises与practice12class与lesson13country，nation，state与land14police与policeman15trip，journey，travel与tour【考点抢测】( A )1.(2016邯郸二模)It's raining hard outside.Take an _， please.Aumbrella BeraserCarticle Dice cream( B )2.(2016新华区中考模拟)Look at the _，the teacher is writing on it.Atree BblackboardCdesk Dwindow( B )3.(2016裕华区中考模拟)How can I use this new washing machine?Well，just read the _Adirections BinstructionsCstandards Dexplanations( A )4.(2016河北中考三模)I felt the _ rush to my face because I was quite nervous then.Ablood BshameCpride Dfear( B )5.(2016河北中考二模)I love red.It is a traditional _ for Chinese.Afood BcolorCfestival Dculture( A )6.(2016石家庄28中模拟)Do you know the _ of these words？I can't understand them.Ameanings BspellingsCpronunciations Dinstructions( D )7.(2016河北中考一模)What shall I do？I need some _Anews BtruthCsecrets Dadvice( D )8.(2016张家口升学二模)Do you think the _ of this skirt suits me?Of course！You always look beautiful in red.Asize BshapeCprice Dcolor( B )9.(2016河北升学四模)A clean _ goes through the village.Lots of women wash clothes there.Aroad BriverCbus Dbridge( A )10.(2016石家庄9年级质检二)I want to look up a word.May I use your _？Adictionary BradioCplayer Dpen( D )11.He has good _He never says dirty words.Ahabits BhobbiesCabilities Dmanners( A )12.My brother is interested in the stamp _What about you?Acollection BinstructionCprize Dhobby( D )13.I like _ very much.I often listen to it on the MP3 player.Asport BdrawingCscience Dmusic( D )14.Please put the box behind the door.There is enough _ to place it.Afloor BtimeCground Droom( B )15.If you learn English well，you will have more _ to get a good job.Achoices BchancesCchanges Dconversations 名词的数【满分点拨】一、名词的分类 类别意义例词专有名词表示人、地方、事物、机构、组织等名称的词Alice，Canada，the Great Wall普通名词可数名词个体名词表示个体的人或事物的词book，desk，table，bike，plane集体名词表示一群人或一些事物的词family，class，police，team，group不可数名词物质名词表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词glass，water，air，paper，wood抽象名词表示状态、品质、行为、感情等抽象概念的词danger，health，love，success，interest二、可数名词单复数变化规律 情况构成方法例词一般情况加scapcaps；dogdogs；bikebikes；driverdrivers续表 情况构成方法例词以字母s，sh，ch，x等结尾加esbusbuses；wishwishes；watchwatches；boxboxes以“辅音字母y”结尾变y为i，再加esladyladies；centurycenturies；familyfamilies；storystories以f或fe结尾一般变f、fe为v，再加esleafleaves；lifelives；halfhalves；knifeknives以o结尾o前为辅音音素时加es，o前为元音音素时加stomatotomatoes；heroheroes；potatopotatoes；radioradios；zoozoos；例外，photophotos；pianopianos复合名词将后一个词变为复数toothbrushtoothbrushes；filmgoerfilmgoers两部分都变复数man doctormen doctors；woman teacherwomen teachers特殊名词改变内部元音字母footfeet；toothteeth；manmen；mousemice词尾加renchildchildren单复数同形ChineseChinese；sheepsheep；deerdeer 注意：(1)由man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是把man改成men。但German不是合成词，故其复数形式为直接加s。(2)man和woman作定语时，其本身的单复数形式与被修饰词的单复数一致。如：a man teachermen teachers(男老师)a woman cookwomen cooks(女厨师)三、常见不可数名词归纳及用法1常见的不可数名词 物质名词食物bread面包 meat肉 cheese奶酪液体milk牛奶 water水 wine酒 oil油自然物体soil土壤 sand沙子 wood木头抽象名词情感joy高兴 friendship友情 peace和平学科math数学 geography地理physics物理 chemistry化学概念population人口 knowledge知识 2.不可数名词量化的表示不可数名词的多少可用以下词组来表示：a block of一块 a bottle of一瓶a group of一群 a pair of一组，一双，一对a piece of一片(张，块) a pile of一堆短语a pair (piece)of复数名词作主语时，中心词是pair(piece)(pieces)，故谓语动词用单数；若短语是two pairs (pieces)of复数名词作主语，则中心词是two pairs (pieces)，谓语动词用复数。3可数与不可数易混归纳exercise(锻炼)some exercises(练习，训练)work(工作)works(著作)glass(玻璃)a glass(玻璃杯)paper(纸)a paper(报纸，证件，试卷)wood(木头，木材)a wood(小树林)room(空间)a room(房间)life(生活)seven lives(七条生命)【考点抢测】一、单项选择( A )1.(2016石家庄43中模拟)It is _ to cycle around Guilin.Agreat fun Ba funCa great fun Da great funny( B )2.To tell you the_，not only you but also he has given away all the pocket money to Project Hope.Awish BtruthCsecret Dadvice( A )3.(2016邯郸一模)Yesterday we were surprised at such good _Anews BideaCsuggestion Danswer( D )4.(2016石家庄18县市大联考)The bus is so crowded that we can't find any _ for any more people.Aplace BroomsCarea Droom( A )5.(2016路南区二模)Mr.White has a beautiful garden with many _ in it.Aflowers BgrassCvillages Dwater二、连词成句6(2016石家庄9年级质检二)like，you，reading，do，book_Do_you_like_reading_books_？7(2016路南区升学质检一)much，potato，are，how，these_How_much_are_these_potatoes_？8(2016河北中考一模)red，are，box，where，those_Where_are_those_red_boxes_？9(2016海港区升学一模)you，book，why，more，don't，read_Why_don't_you_read_more_books_？10(2016路南区9年级二模)box，knife，there，two，in，are，the_There_are_two_knives_in_the_box_ 名词所有格【满分点拨】一、含有and的所有格1用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示两人共同拥有某物，这时只在最后一个名词后加's，用A and B's表示。如：Mrs. King is Lucy and Lily's mother.金女士是露西和莉莉的母亲。2用and连接两个并列名词，表示分别拥有各自的物品时，两个名词都在词尾加's，用A's and B's表示。如：There are Tom's and Mary's bags.这些是汤姆和玛丽的包。二、双重所有格两种形式：1of名词所有格。如：He is a friend of my brother's.他是我哥哥的一个朋友。2of名词性物主代词。如：Is she a daughter of yours？她是你的一个女儿吗？ 【考点抢测】一、单项选择( B )1.How far is your home from school?It's about two _ walk.Ahours Bhours'Chour's Dhour( A )2.(2015石家庄41中模拟)On the weekend，_ is so crowded that I can not find my friend.Athe center of the cityBcity's centerCcity's and center'sDcities's center( B )3.(2015石家庄28中模拟)Mary is _，so please treat her as yours.Aa friend of me Ba friend of mineCa friend of you Da friend of yours二、连词成句4(2016邯郸升学二模)Linda，my，name，friend，is_My_friend's_name_is_Linda_三、用所给单词的适当形式填空。5When is _Children's_ (child)Day?It's on June 1st，Dave.,河北中考考点精练( A )1.(2016黑龙江中考改编)The Belt and Road Initiative(一带一路倡议)will help China improve_with those related countries，especially Pakistan.Arelationship BagreementCenvironment Ddevelopment( D )2.(2016连云港中考)It's useful for the deaf people to learn sign language.Yes，it's a major way of_for them.Asuggestion BvacationCproduction Dcommunication( D )3.(2016咸宁中考)Tu Youyou received the Nobel Prize for her_of anemisinin(青蒿素)And she was the first Chinese who won the prize in science.Adesign BthoughtCinvention Ddiscovery( C )4.(2016咸宁中考)Michael，how much do you know about_？People usually eat rice dumplings to remember Qu Yuan.Athe MidAutumn FestivalBthe Spring FestivalCthe Dragon Boat FestivalDthe Lantern Festival( C )5.(2016盐城中考)Life is like riding a bicycle.To keep your_，you must keep moving.Apromise BpositionCbalance Dability( C )6.(2016永州中考)I think eating_is good for health.Atomatos BbananaesCeggs Dmilk( A )7.(2016西宁中考)A smartphone makes a big_to our life.Adifference BdecisionCprogress Dprediction( A )8.(2016泰州中考)What_will you get after winning the competition in the program Stay to the end(一站到底)?A free trip to Bali Island.Aaward BattentionCadvice Dability( A )9.(2015凉山中考)_fathers didn't come to the meeting.Why? Because they have gone to Beijing.AJeff's and Amy's BJeff and Amy CJeff's and Amy DJeff and Amy's( C )10.(2015临沂中考)I live near the station.It's only about five_walk.Aminute's BminuteCminutes' Dminutes( A )11.(2016桥西区中考模拟)What's your favorite_，Sam?Winter，because I can skate on the lake.Aseason BsubjectCmusic Dsport( D )12.(2016路南区升学质检)The old man used to raise many_to make a living on the farm.Aduck BhorseCbird Dsheep( C )13.(2016济南中考)Mike，what club do you want to join?Well，I want to join the_club.I love painting.Achess BsportsCart DEnglish( B )14.(2016云南中考)If you don't know the_to the science museum，here is a map of the city.Adate BwayCprice Dtime( B )15.(2016荆州中考)Can you tell me some_about the Brazil Olympic Games?OK.Let me help you search the Internet.Aservice BinformationCdiscussion Dsuccess( B )16.(2016齐齐哈尔中考改编)The mobile phone sells for￥5 000，it is much more than its real_Acost BvalueCprice Dpay 10
展开阅读全文