崔万龙职称英语(三)第三部分概括大意与完成句子

第三部分概括大意与完成句子题型介绍：概括大意与完成句子（第23-30题，每题1分，共8分）考查应试者把握文章段落大意及细节的能力。本部分为1篇300-450词的短文，有2项测试任务：1短文后有6个段落小标题，要求应试者根据文章的内容为其中指定的4个段落各选择一个正确的小标题；2短文后有4个不完整的句子，要求应试者在所提供的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子。概括大意：从选项列表中选出指定段落的标题 完成句子：将所给的四个带空格的句子填写完整，答案从选项中选出考查目标：考查应试者抓大意、找细节的能力概括大意部分概括大意：给每段文字“命”一个小标题，确定每段文字的主题思想反映作者观点、论点或主旨的句子通常叫做主题句主题词是作者观点、论点或主旨的中心论述词要概括出每段的段落大意，就必须先找到每段的主题句/主题词怎样找到主题句/主题词？段首段尾段中例1：Manhattan is the real center of the city. When people say “New York City,” they usually mean Manhattan. Most of the interesting shops, buildings and museums are here. In addition, Manhattan is the scene of New York's busy night life. In 1605, the first Europeans came to Manhattan from Holland. They bought the island from the Native Americans for a few glass necklaces worth about $26 today.例2：Experience shows that looking on the bright side of life does have advantages and recent scientific evidence points to the positive mindset as being beneficial to health. In other words, optimists live longer.positive adj. 积极的；正的；肯定的negative adj. 消极的；否定的；负的optimist n. 乐观主义者；乐天派pessimist n. 悲观主义者例3：Did you know that before 1950 hurricanes had no names? They were simply given numbers. The first names were simply Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, etc. But in 1953, female names were given because of the unpredictability factor of the storms. In 1979, realizing the sexist nature of such names, the lists were expanded to include both men and women.例3：The gold that changed life so suddenly for Alaska was soon ended, and although many stories about mining camps have become part of American literature, the gold from Alaskan earth contributed less to economic progress than the fish from Alaskan waters. The fish caught in a single year range in value from $80 million to $90 million. Fur-bearing animals are plentiful in the forests and streams, and valuable fur seals inhabit the waters. After fishing, the state's chief industry is lumber and the production of wood pulp. In recent years, Alaska's single most important resource has become oil. The state also has large deposits of coal, copper, gold and other minerals.resource n. 资源；财animal n. 动物lumber n. 木材；废物wood pulp n. 木浆；木质纸浆oil n. 油；石油coal n. 煤，煤块；木 copper n. 铜；铜币gold n. 金，黄金fish n. 鱼；鱼类、答案选项关键词通尾段：例1：Experience shows that looking on the bright side of life does have advantages and recent scientific evidence points to the positive mindset as being beneficial to health. In other words, optimists live longer. （A Longer Life for Optimists ）选项答案中：longerlongerlive. v.生存；活life n. 生活，生存；寿命例2：Did you know that before 1950 hurricanes had no names? They were simply given numbers. The first names were simply Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, etc. But in 1953, female names were given because of the unpredictability factor of the storms. In 1979, realizing the sexist nature of such names, the lists were expanded to include both men and women. （A Short History of Naming Hurricanes）选项答案中2：namenamingname n. 名称，名字；名誉name v. 命名，任命；指定naming 动词name的动名词形式（给命名）完成句子部分：关键词=定位词（主语、专有名词、名词短语、数字、比较级/最高级、形容词/副词等）（参见第二部分定位词关键词讲解。关键词定位（按图索骥）1、准确确定题目中的关键词，然后寻关键词在文章中所在的句子及段落。“关键词”的有关知识理论：、关键词的确定依据：在文章中出现频率较低；醒目好找，有利于及时确定答案。、关键词是指：名词或名词性短语； 形容(副)词或形容(副)词性短语；专有名词；数字或年代。、关键词的例外原则文章标题中的单词一般不宜作为关键词；在文章中出现频率较高的词一般不宜作为关键词 ；动词一般不宜作为关键词。、关键词的优先原则：短语优先于单词作为关键词； 形容(副)词的比较级、最高级优先于原级作为关键词。将题目中的关键词与每段话的第一句相对照。有些题目能先定位到原文中的一个段落，这必将大大加快解题时间，并提高准确率。但并不是每个题目都能先定位到原文中的一个段落的 。题目中含有的、能帮助识别其原句的关键词，包括：1）名词、名词短语2）专有名词老师手写内容：Spain, Li Ping 3）形容词或副词4）数字、数词、百分比5）比较级或最高级6）年代、时间：in 1952、80%7）因果关系：because, since, as8）各种符号：表示美元￥：表示人民币9）特殊印刷体作业：阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试，任务：(1)1-4题要求从所给的4个选项中为段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第5-8题 要求从所给的5个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。Climate Change: The Long Reach1. Earth is warming. Sea levels are rising. There s more carbon in the air, and Arctic iceis melting faster than at any time in recorded history. Scientists who study the environment tobetter gauge (评估) .Earths future climate now argue that these changes may not reverse for a very long time .2. People burn fossil fuels like coal and oil for energy. That burning releases carbon dioxide, a colorless gas. In the air, this gas traps heat at Earths surface. And the more carbon dioxidereleased , the more the planet warms . If current consumption of fossil fuels doesnt slow , the long-term climate impacts could last thousands of years-and be more severe than scientists had been expecting. Climatologist Richard Zeebe of the University of Hawaii at Manoa offers this conclusion in a new paper.3. Most climate-change studies look at whats going to happen in the next century or so .During that time, changes in the planets environment could nudge(推动) global warmingeven higher. For example: Snow and ice reflect sunlight back into space. But as these melt,sunlight can now reach- and warm the exposed ground . This extra heat raises the airtemperature even more, causing even more snow to melt. This type of rapid exaggerationof impacts is called a fast feedback.4. Zeebe says its important to look at fast feedbacks. However, he adds, they re limited.From a climate change perspective, This century is the most important time for the nextfew generations, he told Science News “But the world is not ending in 2100”. For his newstudy. Zeebe how focuses on “slow feedbacks”. While fast feedback events unfold over decades or centuries, slow feedbacks can take thousands of years. Melting of continental ice sheets and the migration of plant life - as they relocate to more comfortable areas - are two examples ofslow feedbacks.5. Zeebe gathered information from previously published studies investigating how such processes played out over thousands of years during past dramatic changes in climate. Thenhe came up with a forecast for the future that accounts for both slow and fast feedback processes. Climate forecasts that use only fast feedbacks predict a 4.5 degree Celsius (8.1 degreeFahrenheit) change by the year 3000. But slow feedbacks added another 1.5 -for a 6 total increase, Zeebe reports. He also found that slow feedback events will cause global warming to persist for thousands of years afterpeople run out of fossil fuels to burn.1. Paragraph 2 _ B2. Paragraph 3 _ C3. Paragraph 4 _ F4. Paragraph 5 _ AA. A prediction of future climate changeB. Impact of burning fossil fuelsC. Fast feedbacksD. Unpredictability of feedback processesE. Rising of sea levelsF. Slow feedbacks5. Arctic ice has never been melting so fast in _ F6. Melting of snow and ice enables sunlight to reach _ E7. Zeebe came up with his future climate prediction by analyzing _ D8. After fossil fuels are used up, global warming will continue for _ BA. rapid exaggeration of impactsB. a very long timeC. the extra heatD. previously published studiesE. the exposed groundF. recorded historyThe Storyteller1. Steven Spielberg has always had one goal: to tell as many great stories to as many people as will listen. And thats what he has always been about. The son of a computer scientist and a pianist, Spielberg spent his early childhood in New Jersey and, later, Arizona. From the very beginning, his fertile imagination filled his young mind with images that would later inspire his filmmaking.2. Even decades later, Spielberg says he has clear memories of his earliest years, which are the origins of some of his biggest hits. He believes that E.T. is the result of the difficult years leading up to his parents 1966 divorce, “It is really about a young boy who was in search of some stability in his life.”“He was scared of just about everything,” recalls his mother, Leah Adler. “When trees brushed against the house, he would head into my bed. And thats just the kind of scary stuff he would put in films like Poltergeist.” 3. Spielberg was 11 when he first got his hands on his dads movie camera and began shooting short flicks about flying saucers and World War battles. Spielbergs talent for scary storytelling enabled him to make friends. On Boy Scout camping trips, when night fell, Spielberg became the center of attention. “Steven would start telling his ghost stories,” says Richard Y. Hoffman Jr., leader of Troop 294, “and everyone would suddenly get quiet so that they could all hear it.”4. Spielberg moved to California with his father and went to high school there, but his grades were so bad that he barely graduated. Both UCLA and USC film schools rejected him, so he entered California State University at Long Beach because it was close to Hollywood. Spielberg was determined to make movies, and he managed to get an unpaid, non-credit internship（实习）in Hollywood. Soon he was given a contract, and he dropped out of college. He never looked back.5. Now, many years later, Spielberg is still telling stories with as much passion as the kid in the tent. Ask him where he gets his ideas, Spielberg shrugs. “The process for me is mostly intuitive (凭直觉的),” he says. “There are films that I feel I need to make, for a variety of reasons, for personal reasons, for reasons that I want to have fun, that the subject matter is cool, that I think my kids will like it. And sometimes I just think that it will make a lot of money, like the sequel(续集) to Jurassic Park.”1. Paragraph 1_F2. Paragraph 2_A3. Paragraph 3_E4. Paragraph 4_DA. Inspirations for his moviesB. The trouble of making moviesC. A funny manD. Getting into the movie businessE. Telling stories to make friendsF. An aim of life5. Some of Spielbergs most successful movies came from _ E6. When Spielberg was a boy, he used to be scared of_ A7. Spielberg is very good at _B8. Spielberg says he makes movies for_ CA. almost everythingB. telling scary storiesC. a number of reasonsD. making children laughE. his childhood memoriesF. a lot of moneyAromatherapy(芳香疗法)1. Aromatherapy is a form of alternative medicine which is based on the use of very concentrated essential oils from the flowers, leaves, bark, branches or roots of plants which are considered to have healing properties. In aromatherapy these powerful oils are mixed with other oils, such as almond(杏仁)oil, or they are diluted(稀释)with water. These solutions(溶液剂)can be rubbed on the skin, sprayed in the air, or applied as a compress(敷药)。2. Many people have aromatherapy massages(按摩),and depending on the treatment a person is having, the aromatherapist will massage the oil into the hands or shoulders. The massage is smooth and flowing, as it is designed to create a sense of relaxation and calm. The sessions are tailored to the individual's health and mood at the time, so every session is unique.3. Praclitioners of aromatherapy believe that the aroma of the essential oils directly stimulates the brain or that the oils are absorbed through the skin into the bloodstream, where they can affect the whole body and promote healing. Other claims in support of aromatherapy are that it aids digestion, improves the functioning of respiratory system, reduces muscular aches and pains, and promotes muscle relaxation and tone. It has also been argued that aromatherapy can improve circulation, lower blood pressure, and help combat insomnia(失眠) and other stress-related disorders such as tension headaches, anxiety, and mild depression.4. However, while aromatherapy may have real effects that promote a sense of well-being, some traditional medicine practitioners remain doubtful about its powers. While research has confirmed that aromatherapy does have some positive short-term effects on most people, it also suggests that aromatherapy is not an actual science or medicine that should be used to treat illness. Furthermore, not all aromatherapy is considered beneficial to health. There are precautions which should be taken before having aromatherapy because some oils can have negative effects on people with certain medical conditions. The study of aromatherapy is relatively new and unexplored. More research needs to be conducted to make scientific conclusions about its use and effects.1. Paragraph 1 _B2. Paragraph 2 _C3. Paragraph 3 _D4. Paragraph 4 _AA. Doubts about the benefits aromatherapyB. Introduction to aromatherapyC. Personalized aromatherapy massageD. Different views about aromatherapyE. Aromatherapy and conventional medicineF. Current research into aromatherapy5. Aromatherapy is a mixture oil from parts of the plants to _.A6. The sessions of aromatherapy massages are designed to _.F7. Aromatherapy is believed to _ in various ways. B8. The used and benefits of aromatherapy need to _.EA. have healing effectsB. be used externallyC. be promotedD. help the disabledE. be further exploredF. suit different people