包装机械的发展外文翻译

7Packing machinery developmentOur country packs the mechanical profession start in the 20th century 70s, and the 90s intermediate stages obtains the rapid development in the end of the 80s. Has become in the mechanical industry one of 10 big professions, regardless of is the output, in the variety, has all obtained the amazing achievement, packed the industry for our country the fast development to provide the powerful safeguard. At present, our country has become the world packing mechanical industrial production and expends one of great nations.Current our country food and a packing machinery prominent question is the new product development cycle long, imitates much, innovates few, not only this with designs personnels state-of-art related, also concerns with the correlation profession development. The international advanced method utilizes the simulation technology, by the computer automatic synthesis three-dimensional model, will pass has occurred production line breakdown data feeds the computer, then will demonstrate the actual operating mode, according to will need to carry on the revision in front of the user, finally will consummate. The packing machinery took one product, its meaning is not merely the product itself material significance, but is includes the form product, the stealth product and extends the product 3 meanings. The form product is refers to packaging machine itself the concrete shape and the basic function; The stealth product is refers to the packaging machine the actual utility which provides to the user; Extends the product is refers to the packaging machine the quality assurance, the use instruction and the post-sale service and so on. Therefore the packaging machine design should include: Market investigation and study, schematic diagram design, structural design, construction drawing design, instruction for use compilation and post-sale service predetermined plan and so on. The new packing machinery often is machine, the electricity, the gas integration equipment. The full use information product newest achievement, uses air operated separation transmission technologies and so on implementing agency, servo motor-driven, may cause the complete machine the transmission chain to reduce greatly, the structure is greatly the simplification, the work precision and the speed enhances greatly. One of key technologies has used the multi-electrical machinery dragging synchronization control technology. Actually grasps this kind of technology not very difficultly, only is some designs the personnel not to understand the packing machinery this trend of development. If beforehand our country packs the machine design is the imitation, the study stage, then we should have the innovation design consciousness now. “十五” period, our country packs the mechanical industrial development to be rapid, in recent years imports the equipment all is domestic cannot make or the manufacture level is far from, may see our disparity from the import to be at. Food security problem whole nation attention. “十一五” period should enhance food security domain the science and technology and the equipment level, the development fast, in accurate appraisal food harms the factor the technology and the equipment, further researches and develops the pathogenic microorganism resistance, cause of disease prevention technologies and the preserve technology and the equipment and so on control. Food and the packing machinery form the profession already for 20 years, is opposite in food packing, a new profession. This 20 years also are the world technological development quickest times, the new technology applies unceasingly in the profession, but the domestic profession foundation is weak, technical and the scientific research lack of strength, its development relative lag, has towed food and the packing industry hind leg to a certain extent. Although overall development quick, but food packing mechanical industrial development is quicker.the goal is must reduce this space, catches up with the world advanced level for the food industry, for causes the packing great nation to make great strides forward to the packing powerful nation, provides the advanced technical equip, lets import the equipment the role which only plays in the domestic market appropriates lost articles fills a vacancy. This request domestic food and the packing machinery year development speed surpasses 18%, the new product output value rate achieves 25%. On the international packing and food machinery development is take the big customer request as the goal, the impetus correlation machinery development. The big customer request mainly manifests in the below aspect: One, is higher well to the production efficiency request. This may reduce the product the cost, satisfies the date of delivery. The high speed packaging machine request must have the correlation engagement with the first working procedure, does not have to transport the link, including the control engagement, the entire production line must achieve the inverted order according to the production and the packing working procedure arrangement to start, smooth engine off. If Leng Guanzhuang the production line makes something a matter of political line automatically from the plastic raw material to the drink fills installs, the big packing piles buttress completely automatically in seals up in the workshop to carry on. Two, may adapt the product renewal change. The packing machinery must have the very high flexibility and the flexibility, the production line permission the packing material size may change in certain size scope. Because product life cycle far short in useful life of equipment, change product and packing not as for replacement expensive packing production line. Three is the equipment common breakdown rapid elimination. The solution inputs the computer in advance, when the equipment appears the common breakdown may diagnose voluntarily, also may implement the long-distance diagnosis to eliminate the breakdown abreast in row. Four, the request has the automatic diagnosis function. On the one hand may automatic diagnosis packing material thickness, degree of hardness, the counter-tension and so on, feed back through the computer to the manipulator adjusts the movement scope, does not guarantee the resilience. On the other hand, each different product, like shape each different chocolate or the dessert and so on, install to the identical box in, its arrangement is orderly. The production line transmits the product is a disorder, the available probe head scanning, determined the different shape the material position, feeds back again to the different manipulator, it can accurately unmistakably puts in the goods according to the accurate position and the direction in the tray, moreover, removes the manual control quickly the vision and finger weariness. Five, may reduce the environmental pollution as far as possible. The reduction including the noise, the dust pollution, and reduces the reject as far as possible, this point especially is important in the food processing process. Food raw material when processing not only harvests the main product, like corn processing, product besides corn starch, but also has the corn oil, the salad oil, the margarine, the glucose, the corn protein and the feed, as well as the sewage treatment and so on produces the entire process, is the automation. Does not have the reject, not to pollute, other product value has surpassed the corn starch greatly the value.Along with the science and technology development and the market competition aggravating, the customer demand more and more is also high. This kind of demand manifests in following several aspects: One, enhances the production efficiency, satisfies the date of delivery and reduces the production cost the need, to some products, but also requests the packing machinery and the production machinery links up; Two, is meets the product renewal change need, the packing machinery must have the high flexibility and the flexibility; Three is when the equipment appears the breakdown, the request can carry on the long-distance diagnosis service; Four, favors the environmental protection, the noise, the dust and the reject are few; Five is the equipment purchase investment are as far as possible few, the price must be as far as possible low. Therefore, must certainly in the market investigation and study foundation, the full understanding, analyze the user earnestly the demand, the definite packaging machine should complete the function and each technical specification, draw up the preliminary principle design proposal.The modern packaging machine design process should include: The market investigation and study, the user demand analysis, the packaging machine function determination, the feasible proof, the formulation design proposal, the user benefit analysis, the plan feasible proof, the schematic diagram design, the structural design, the construction drawing design, the prototypical manufacture (hypothesized manufacture), the technical confirmation and the construction drawing revise, the formulation post-sale service predetermined plan and the long-distance diagnosis plan, the improvement design, the serialized design and so on. .The market investigation and study is the foundation work which all packaging machines design. Without the market investigation and study, we do all design work all possibly is equal to the zero. The market investigation and study, may according to the policy guidance, the profession supply and demand information, the expert analyze, the profession unfolds clues and so on meeting, technical meeting, found the user the demand information, after and reorganizes the analysis, the definite packaging machine should complete function. In the principle project design process, first must understand fully the related information product, the electronic products function, understood the air operated part the performance, and uses to simplify the mechanical drive system, but also may use the multi-electrical machinery dragging to reduce the mechanical transmission chain. Regarding the essential mechanical drive system, should make the best the modernized design method, in to product functional analysis foundation in, through innovation idea, system modelling, mechanical analysis, dynamic optimization, thus obtains the best design proposal. The technical design is the principle design structurization, definite spare part quantity, the shape, the size, the material and so on, the essential components carry on the power computation, the power computation, the strength calculation, the rigidity computation to the major component in.When system design, must consider the entire packaging machine system comprehensively the layout, the movement coordination, the modelling design, the human - machine environment as well as the packing transportation and so on. The modular design is one advanced design method, its core thought is divides into systematically according to the function certain modules, the identical function unit designs the packaging machine in has the module which the different performance, may exchange, through the module different combination, causes the packaging machine multi-purpose, the seriation. Uses this method the merit is: (1) makes the packaging machine renewal speed to speed up. Because of the new type substitution, often is the partial improvement. The vanguard technology introduction corresponding module, compared with easy to realize the partial improvement; (2) reduction design cycle. After the user proposed the request, only must replace the module, or the design manufacture partial modules, then obtain the new type, meets the user need; (3) reduces the cost, is advantageous for the service; (4) performance stable reliable. Because time module design, to the packaging machine function division and the module design, has conducted the careful research, has guaranteed the module performance, for example: Cam gear, servo, examination system, transmission system, control system, measurement organization, yummy treats organization and so on. . other packing machinery seriation, modular profession standard, also arrived should formulate, the packing machinery has become our country one of ten big mechanical professions, but serialized, the modular profession standard formulation will certainly to promote our country to pack on the mechanical profession cross new stair.包装机械的发展我国包装机械行业起步于20世纪70年代，在80年代末和90年代中期得到迅速发展。已成为机械工业中的10大行业之一，无论是产量，还是品种上，都取得了令人瞩目的成就，为我国包装工业的快速发展提供了有力的保障。目前，我国已成为世界包装机械工业生产和消费大国之一。 当前我国食品和包装机械的一个突出问题是新产品开发周期长、模仿多、创新少，这不仅与设计人员的知识水平有关，也和相关行业的发展有关。 国际先进的作法是运用仿真技术，由计算机自动合成三维模型，将过去曾经发生过的生产线故障数据输入计算机，即可演示实际工况，在用户面前根据需要进行修改，最终完善。包装机械作为一种产品，它的含义不仅仅是产品本身的物质意义，而是包括形式产品、隐形产品及延伸产品3层含义。形式产品是指包装机本身的具体形态和基本功能；隐形产品是指包装机给用户提供的实际效用；延伸产品是指包装机的质量保证、使用指导和售后服务 等。所以包装机的设计应该包括：市场调研、原理图设计、结构设计、施工图设计、使用说明书编写及售后服务预案等。 新型包装机械往往是机、电、气一体化的设备。充分利用信息产品的最新成果，采用气动执行机构、伺服电机驱动等分离传动技术， 可使整机的传动链大大缩短，结构大为简化，工作精度和速度大大提高。其中的关键技术之一是采用了多电机拖动的同步控制技术。其实 掌握这种技术并不很难，只是一些设计人员不了解包装机械的这一发展趋势。如果说以前我国包装机械设计是仿制、学习阶段，那么现在 我们应该有创新设计的意识。 “十五”期间，我国包装机械工业发展迅速，近几年进口的设备都是国内不能制造或者制造水平相差甚远的，从进口可以看出我们的差距所在。 食品安全问题举国关注。“十一五”期间应提高食品安全领域的科技和装备水平，研制快速、准确鉴定食品中危害因子的技术和装备，进一步研发病原微生物的抗性、病原的控制等预防技术及储藏技术和装备。 食品和包装机械形成行业已20年，相对于食品包装，还是一个新行业。这20年又是世界技术发展最快的时期，新技术不断在行业上应用，而国内行业的基础薄弱，技术及科研力量不足，其发展相对滞后，在某种程度上拖了食品和包装工业的后腿。总体发展虽然较快，但食品包装机械工业发展更快。“十一五”的目标是要缩小这个空间，为食品工业赶上世界先进水平，为使包装大国向包装强国迈进，提供先进的技术装备，让进口设备在国内市场上只起到拾遗补缺的作用。这就要求国内食品和包装机械的年发展速度超过18%，新产品产值率达到25%。 国际上包装和食品机械的发展是以大客户的要求为目标，带动相关机械的发展。大客户的要求主要体现在以下方面： 一是对生产效率要求越高越好。这样可以降低产品的成本，满足交货期。高速包装机要求与前道工序要有相关衔接，不需搬运环节，包括控制衔接，整个生产线按生产及包装工序排列要做到倒序启动，顺序停机。如冷灌装生产线从塑料原料自动上线到饮料灌装、大包装码垛全部自动在封闭车间内进行。 二是可适应产品的更新变化。包装机械要具有很高的柔性和灵活性，生产线允许在一定的尺寸范围内包装物大小可以变化。因为产品的生命周期远短于设备使用寿命，变更产品及包装不至于更换昂贵的包装生产线。 三是设备常见故障迅速排除。解决方案预先输入电脑，当设备出现常见的故障时可以自行诊断，亦可实行远程诊断并排除故障。 四是要求具有自动识别功能。一方面可以自动识别包装材料的厚度、硬度、反弹力等，通过电脑反馈到机械手调整动作幅度，保证不反弹。另一方面，各种不同的产品，如形状各异的巧克力或点心等，装到同一盒中，其排列是有规律的。生产线传递的产品是无序的，可用探头扫描，确定不同形状的物料位置，再反馈到不同的机械手，它会准确无误地将物品按准确的位置及方向放入托盘中，快而且准，排除人工操作的视觉及手指的疲劳。 五是可以尽量减少环境污染。减少包括噪声、粉尘污染，并尽量减少废弃物，这一点在食品加工过程中尤为重要。食品原料在加工时不仅收获主要产品，如玉米加工，产品除了玉米淀粉外，还有玉米油、色拉油、人造黄油、葡萄糖、玉米蛋白及饲料，以及污水处理等生产全过程，均为自动化。没有废弃物、没有污染，其它产品的价值已大大超过玉米淀粉的价值。 包装机械设计方法的改进思路：首先在设计理念上要借鉴先进国家的经验，以用户的需求为设计的目标，并结合柔性设计、模块化设计的理念，一机多用，或更换少 量的零、部件就可以完成不同的功能，或满足不同的产品需求。随着科学技术的发展及市场竞争的加剧，客户的需求也越来越高。这种需求体现在以下几个方面：一是提高生产效率，以满足交货期 和降低生产成本的需要，对一些产品，还要求包装机械和生产机械相衔接；二是为适应产品更新变化的需要，包装机械要具有高的柔性和 灵活性；三是当设备出现故障时，要求能进行远程诊断服务；四是利于环境保护，噪声、粉尘和废弃物少；五是设备购置投资尽可能少， 价格要尽可能低。所以，一定要在市场调研的基础上，充分了解、认真分析用户的需求，确定包装机应该完成的功能和各项技术指标，制 订初步的原理设计方案。现代包装机的设计过程应该包括：市场调研、用户需求分析、包装机功能的确定、可行性论证、制定设计方案、用户效益分析、方案 的可行性论证、原理图设计、结构设计、施工图设计、样机制作(虚拟制造)、技术验证和施工图修改、制定售后服务预案及远程诊断方 案、改进设计、系列化设计等。 市场调研是一切包装机设计的基础工作。没有市场调研，我们所做的所有设计工作都可能等于零。市场调研，可以根据政策导向、行 业供求信息、专家分析、行业展会、技术交流会等线索，找到用户的需求信息，并加以整理分析后，确定包装机应该完成的功能。在原理方案设计过程中，首先要充分了解相关的信息产品、电子产品的功能，了解气动元件的性能，并用以简化机械传动系统，还可 采用多电机拖动来缩短机械传动链。对于必不可少的机械传动系统，应尽量利用现代化设计手段，在对产品功能分析的基础上，通过创新 构思、系统建模、动力分析、动态优化，从而得到最佳设计方案。技术设计是将原理设计结构化，确定零部件的数量、形状、尺寸、材料等，对主要部件中关键零件进行动力计算、功率计算、强度计算、刚度计算。总体设计时，要全面考虑整个包装机系统的布局、运动协调性、造型设计、人-机环境以及装箱运输等。模块化设计是一种先进的设 计方法，它的核心思想是将系统根据功能分为若干模块，将包装机中同一功能的单元设计成具有不同性能、可以互换的模块，通过模块的 不同组合，使包装机多功能化、系列化。采用这种方法的优点是：(1)使包装机更新换代速度加快。因为新机型的替代，往往是局部改 进。将先进技术引进相应的模块，比较容易实现局部改进；(2)缩短设计周期。当用户提出要求后，只需更换模块，或设计制造部分模 块，即可得到新的机型，满足用户需求；(3)降低成本，便于维修；(4)性能稳定可靠。因为模块设计时，对包装机的功能划分和模 块设计，进行了精心的研究，保证了模块的性能，如：凸轮机构、伺服机构、检测系统、传动系统、控制系统、计量机构、下料机构等。 另外包装机械系列化、模块化的行业标准，也到了该制定的时候，包装机械已成为我国十大机械行业之一，而系列化、模块化的行业 标准的制定必将促进我国包装机械行业跨上新的台阶。