It在高考试题中的使用

It在高考试题中的使用A：考纲解读湖北高考中的完成句子题型是指在一句话中留出空白，要求考生根据括号内的汉语提示，用句末括号内的英语单词结合语境完成句子。该题型注重基础考查，突出水平立意，在考查考生的英语语言知识和语言技能的同时，侧重考查考生的综合语言使用水平。It是大纲要求必须掌握的代词之一。它不但能够指代时间、地点、天气、环境、距离等；还能作形式主语和形式宾语；同时能够引导强调结构.在高考中出现频率很高。请看下面几道题： 1The Parkers bought a new house but _ will need a lot of work before they can move in（NMET 2001） Athey Bit Cone Dwhich 2I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full（NM ET 1998） Ait Bthat Cthese Dthem 3Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder，but _ didnt help（NMET 1993） Ahe Bwhich Cshe Dit 4I was disappointed with the film ，I had expected _ to be much better（NMET 1993） Athat Bthis Cone Dit 5 _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language（NMET 1995） AThere BThis CThat DIt 这些都是考查代词it的用法。答案15为BADDD。it用法的重要性由此可略见一斑。B：知识讲解请看it主要都有哪些用法： 一、用来表示时间、天气、地点、自然环境、距离等。例如： 1It was five oclock when we got back home yesterday 2Im afraid it is going to rain today 3It is very quiet in the caf 二、说明某人的身份或者做某事的人。在不清楚某人性别时，也可使用 it。尤其在问答的形式中更为常见。例如： 1A tall man stood up and shook handsIt was Captain Lawrie 2（Last night your sister had a baby，you may ask：）Is it a boy or a girl？ 三用来指代前文中提到的东西。既可指代具体的东西，也可指代一种情况。请看下面的例子： 1I hear you bought a new bike，can you show it to me？ 2If I can stop her coming to you，I shall do it 此时要注意与其他代词如that，one， those，this，another等的区别： 1I hear you bought a new bike，I want to buy _ ，too此处应填one，因为这里我并不是要买你的车，而是一辆新车，one a new bike。 2I have bought a new bike，but I still want to buy _ 此处应填another。我已有了一辆，再买另一辆。another another new bike。 3We see him when we come to town， but _ isnt often此处填that或it均可。指代前面我们去城里时能够看到他这个情况。 4My seat is next to _ of the headmaster此处应填that，用来代替名词seat，thatthe seat。 5The bikes made this year are better than _ made last years此处应填those或the ones。代替前文的bikes，因其是复数概念，故用those或the ones，those the onesthe bikes。 四、用来泛指一般情况或在一些词组中出现的搭配，没有特殊含义，常不翻译。例如： 1It is my turn（轮到我了） 2If the teacher sees you doing that，you will catch it （如果老师看到你这么做，你就会挨批评。） 3Go ahead，well make it in the end（继续干吧，我们最后会成功的。） 4I will study hard in the future Thats it（这就对了。） 五、用来作形式主语或形式宾语。指代不定式、动词的-ing形式、从句等。例如： 1I think it no use _ (和他争吵)over this matter（argue） 2It is my duty _（教好英语） (teach)3Is it possible _ (电脑替代人类)？ (place)4I want to _(向全班表明) that I didnt steal his pen (clear)it代替从句作形式主语的常见句型有： 1）It be的适当形式过去分词that从句 据说汤姆已经从国外回来了。 (abroad)_. 据报导，数十名儿童在事故中死亡。 (accident)_. 可用于该句型的过去分词还有known， thought，told，believed，hoped，announced ，expected，decided，suggested等，该句型常能够转换成含有宾语从句的复合句或者含有不定式作主补的简单句。例如： Its said that Tom has come back from abroadPeople say_He is said _2）It be的适当形式名词词组that从句 真遗憾，他竟不会游泳。 (pity)_. 真奇怪，你竟能在如此短的时间内完成如此艰巨的任务。 (wonder)_. 可用于该句型的名词词组还有an honor，a good thing，a fact，a surprise，good news等。 3）It be seem的适当形式形容词 that从句 It is likely that they will beat us tonight今晚很可能他们会赢我们。 _that she will give us a hand她帮我们的可能性似乎不太大。 (seem)可用于此句型的形容词还有wonderful， true，good，right，wrong，（un）important ，useless，surprising，clear，unusual，lucky，certain等。 4）It seemappear happen的适当形式that从句 看来他非常喜欢流行歌曲。 (seem)_.注意，句型4）可转换成含不定式的简单句。碰巧我那天外出了。 It happened that I went out that day即I happened to go out that day.5）it代替连接代词或连接副词引导的从句作形式主语 （1）It is known（not decided，not made clear，found out，discussed，being discussed，being considered，a question，uncertain等）连接代词或连接副词引导的从句。 我们将什么时候举行运动会还是一个问题。 (question)_. （2）It doesnt matter（Its no wonder；It doesnt make too much difference等）连接代词或连接副词引导的从句。 _whether we go together or separately我们一起去还是分开去都能够。(matter) _why he came here too late他为什么来这么晚不足为怪。 (wonder)六、it引起的几个易混淆的时间句型。 1It be的适当形式一段时间 since-clause 这个句型表示从since从句谓语动作发生以后到现在或过去所经过的一段时间，意为“自从以来已多久了”，主句多用一般现在时，从句用一般过去时；如果表示过去的情况，主句用一般过去时，从句用过去完成时，或主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。例如： It ishas been three years since his father passed away他父亲去逝已经有三年了。 It was 10years since they married他们结婚十年了。 It had been fifteen years since she left Shanghai她离开上海已经15年了。 2It be的适当形式一段时间before-clause 这个句型中的时间一般为表示一段时间的词语（如：long，years，months，weeks，days ， hours，minutes），主句中的谓语动词用肯定式，意为“过多长时间才”。主句的谓语动词是否定式时，意为“没过多长时间就”。主句的时态可用过去时was或将来时 will be；用was时，before从句的动词用一般过去时；用will be时，before从句常用一般现在时。例如： 她没过多久就背会了那些诗歌。 (before)_. 过了很久警察才来。 (before)_.要不了几个小时我们还会再见面的。(before)_. 3It be的适当形式时间 when-clause 这个句型中，it指时间，而且表示时间的词语前没有介词（时间一般为具体时间）。主句中的谓语动词和从句中的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的，主句是will be，when从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例如： 他们午夜才能到达那里。(when)_. 4It be的适当形式time that-clause（虚拟语气） 这个句型属虚拟语气结构，不管主句中 be用的是is或was，that从句都须用动词的过去式或should 动词原形（但不及用过去式普通），在time之前有时可加上high或about以增强语气。例如： 她该给她男朋友写信了。(time)_. 5It ThisThat iswas the first（second，third）time that-clause 这个句型表示截止到说话时为止的某人的一种经历，关键是注意time前有序数词，主句的谓语是is时，从句要用现在完成时；如果主句的谓语用一般过去时was，从句则须相对应地用过去完成时。例如： 这是我第五次访问非洲。(fifth)（21）_. 七、用来引起强调结构。 It is/was.who/that强调句型使用频率很高，高考也很注重对它的考查，不过该句型结构复杂，变化多样，在实际使用过程中颇有难度。使用强调句型时应注意下列十要素(前五个要素合并举例说明，后五个要素分别举例说明) 1、如果强调句型指现在或未来情况用It is，指过去情况用It was。 2、被强调部分往往是句子的主语、宾语、时间状语和地点状语，但有时也可强调比较复杂的内容，如时间状语从句、条件状语从句、not until.、not only.but also.、.as well as.等结构。 3、被强调部分是人称代词时，原句用什么格，强调句也用什么格。 4、被强调部分如果是主格人称代词时，who/that后的动词应和该主格人称代词在人称和数上保持一致。 5、关于强调词的选用，强调人时可用who或that；如果不强调人一律用that。此时绝不能和定语从句混淆，被强调部分为时间状语、地点状语或者原因状语时不能误用when、where或why。 例1：It was him who/that I saw the day before yesterday. 析：该句原句为：I saw him the day before yesterday.该句指过去情况，所以强调句型应使用It was开头；被强调部分为原句宾语-宾格人称代词him，所以强调句型仍用him作被强调部分；被强调部分指人，所以用who或that。 例2：It was in the street that I met him yesterday. 析：该句原句为：I met him in the street yesterday.该句仍指过去情况，所以强调句型仍以It was开头，被强调部分虽为地点状语，但不能用where,只能用that。 例3：It was because he was seriously ill that he died. 析：该句原句为：He died because he was seriously ill.被强调部分为结构复杂的原因状语从句，但不能用why，只能用that。 6、强调句型的一般疑问句结构为：Is /Was itwhothat? 例4：Was it during the Second World War that he died？ 析：该句虽不以It was开头，而以Was it开头，是强调句型的一般疑问句形式。所以当被强调部分为时间状语时，应用that。 7、强调句型的特殊疑问句结构为：特殊疑问词is /was it that?(强调句型的特殊疑问句只能强调特殊疑问词) 例5：Where was it that you found your lost pen？ 析：该句虽以Where开头，但后边的was it仍说明该句使用的是强调句型，被强调部分为特殊疑问词where，表地点，所以应使用that。 8、强调句型中的is /was前面可用must /may /might等表推测的情态动词。 例6：It might be in this room that he met her. 析：该句It was的was前面虽用might，但该句仍然是强调句。 9、被强调部分为时间状语和地点状语时，有可能先接定语从句，再接强调句型，应多加思考，不能混用。 例7：It was on October 1st,1949when he joined the Party that he was killed. 析：该句的中心不是说明1949年10月1日他入党，而是说1949年10月1日他被杀害，he joined the Party是定语从句，所以，首先是when引导的定语从句，然后是that强调句。 10、判断强调句型的使用是否准确的方法是将强调结构去掉，如果去掉强调结构后的句子仍然准确，强调句型就准确，否则就不准确。 例8：It was six years ago that he went to Tokyo. 析：该句强调句型使用准确，因为去掉强调结构后，该句仍然是一准确句子。即：Six years ago he went to Tokyo. It及强调句巩固练习：一、请选择最佳答案。 1Why dont you take a little break？ Didnt we just have _ ？ Athat Bthis Cone Dit 2Well have to finish the job _ Along it takes however Bit takes however long Clong however it takes Dhowever long it takes 3It is the ability to do the job _ matters not where you come from or what you are Aone Bthat Cwhat Dit 4I dont think _ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work Athis Bthat Cits Dit 5He was nearly drowned once When was _ ？ _ was in 1998when he was in middle school Athat；It Bthis；This Cthis；It Dthat；This 6What a pity my new computer doesnt work_ must be something wrong with it AIt BThere CThis DThat 7The weather turned out to be very good， _ was more than we had expected Awhat Bwhich Cthat Dit 8Was _ that I saw last night at the concert？ Ait you Bnot you Cyou Dthat yourself 9. It was because of bad weatherthe football match had to be put off. A. so B. so that C. why D. that 10.It was his remarksleft me wondering about his real purpose. A. which B. what C. where D. that 11 - Was it in 1969the American astronaut succeededlanding on the moon - Quite right. A. whenon B. that on C. whenin D. thatin 12.It was not until 1920regular radio broadcasts began.（NMET 95） A. while B. which C. that D. since 13.is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.NMET 95 A. There B. This C. That D. It 14.was in 1979I graduated from the university.（NMET 98上海） A. Thatthat B. Itthat C .Thatwhen D. Itwhen 15. It was for this reasonher uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village. （NMT 2001春，上海） A. which B. why C. that D. how 16. It is the protection for the treesreally mattersrather than how many trees are planted. A. what B. that C.D. which 17.- Was that the new comer who walked by. A. It must be that B. It must have been C. He must be D. This must have been 18. Now thenchildren. Its high time youand dressed. A. washed B. should wash C. were washed D. are washed 19.the people have become the master of their own countryscience can really serve the people. A. It is only then；that B. It was that；when C. It is only when；that D. It was when；then 20. It wasI met Mr. Green in Shanghai. A. ten years since B. many years ago that C. five years until D. Two months when 二、完成句子1. I would appreciate _ (回电话)this afternoon for the doctors appointment. (call)2. _(要求) in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account. (require)3. _ (听起来) like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair. (sound)4. _(难怪) that he falls far behind others. (wonder)5._(是在一个十一月份的夜晚) I finished writing this novel. (be, night)6. We should finish the task ahead of time _(无论有多难). (matter)7._（对我来说没什么影响）whether you agree or not. ( difference )8. (我一点也不在乎) what I look like.（bother）9. It will be hours _要过好几个小时他才会作出决定。(decision)10. It was already 8 oclock _他8点了才到家。(home)11. It is time_我们该交作业了。(hand)12. This is the first time _这是这些欧洲人第一次参观长城。(visit)13.- _ (到底是在哪里)that you picked up the wallet (where) -Just near the school gate.14.I must find out _ (到底为什么)that so many students made the same mistake.(why)15. How many years is it_？你姐姐到这里工作多少年了 (since)16. Is it in the factory_？这种车是在你上周参观的那家工厂生产的吗(visit)17.-Its a long time_. 很久不见了。 (see)-Yesand what a pity since it will be a long time_(我们再次见面)(see)18. Our classroom is very clean. Do you know_(到底是谁打扫的)(clean)19. It is uncertain_ 他能否来开会还不能确定。 (attend)20. _（到底是什么）that you want to tell me?(what)学案参考答案arguing with himto teach English wellthat computer can take the place of human beingsmake it clear to the classIts said that Tom has come back from abroadIt was reported that dozens of children died in the accidentthat Tom has come back from abroad to have come back from abroadIts a pity that he cant swimIts a wonder that you could finish such a hard task in such a short timeIt doesnt seem possibleIt seems that he enjoys pop songs very muchIt is still a question when we shall have our sports meetIt doesnt matterIt is no wonderIt was not long before she learned those poems by heart It was long before the police arrivedIt will not be hours before we meet againIt will be midnight when they get thereIt is high time（that）she wrote a letter to her boyfriend（21）It was the fifth time（that）I had paid a friendly visit to Africa巩固练习参考答案一、请选择最佳答案。 15 C D B D A 610B BADD 11-15DCDBC 16-20BBCCB二、完成句子 1. it if you call back2. Its required3. It sounds4. Its no wonder 5. It was on a November night that6. no matter how difficult it is7. It makes no difference to me8, It doesnt bother me9. before he makes a decision10. when we got home11.（that）we handed/(should hand) in our exercises12.（that）these Europeans have visited the Great Wall13. Where was it14. why it was15. since your sister came to work here16. that you visited last week that this kind of car is made17. since I saw you last time; before we see each other again.18. who it was that cleaned it19. whether he can attend this conference or not 20. what is it