小学必须掌握的英语语法知识点汇总

WORD&式-可编辑小学必须掌握的英语语法知识点一、名词复数规则1 . 一般情况下，直接力口 -s ,如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2 . 以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾，加 -es , 如： bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3 .以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries4 .以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es ,如：knife-knives5 .不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice ;child-children; foot-feet,; tooth-teethfish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 写由下列各词的复数I him this herwatch child diary sandwichfoot book dress peach box thief thieves orangeman woman watch fox 特殊 tooth sheep day_days二、一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍No. 1 一般现在时的功能1 .表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如： The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2 .表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如： I get up at six every day. 我每天六点起床。3 .表示客观现实。如： The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成1 . be 动词：主语 +be(am,is,are)+ 其它。如： I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。2 .行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it) 时，要在动词后加 -s或-es。 如：Mary likes Chinese. 玛丽喜欢汉语。一般现在时的变化1 . be动词的变化。否定句：主语 + be + not + 其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。如：-Are you a student?-Yes. I am. / No, Im not.特殊疑问句：疑问词 +一般疑问句。如： Where is my bike?2 .行为动词的变化。否定句：主语+ dont( doesnt ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：I dont like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用 doesnt构成否定句。如：He doesnt often play.一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如：Do you often play football?- Yes, I do. / No, I dont.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用 does构成一般疑问句。如：- Does she go to work by bike?- Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词 +一般疑问句。如：Howdoes your father go to work?动词+s的变化规则1 . 一般情况下，直接加 -s ,如：cook-cooks, milk-milks2 .以 s. x. sh. ch.。结尾，力口 -es ,如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3 .以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变 y为i,再加-es ,如：study-studies 一般现在时用法专练：一、写由下列动词的第三人称单数drink go stay makelook have pass carrycome watch plant fly _flies study brush do teach二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. He often(have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy(be) in Class One.3. We(not watch) TV on Monday.4. Nick(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. they(like) the World Cup?6. What they often(do) on Saturdays?7. your parents(read) newspapers every day?8. The girl(teach) us English on Sundays.9. She and I(take) a walk together every evening.10. There(be) some water in the bottle.11. Mike(like) cooking.12. They(have) the same hobby.13. My aunt(look) after her baby carefully.14. You always(do) your homework well.15. I(be) ill. I m staying in bed.16. She(go) to school from Monday to Friday.17. Liu Tao(do) not like PE.18. The child often(watch) TV in the evening.19. Su Hai and Su Yang(have) eight lessons this term.20. 一 What day(be) it today?It s Saturday.三、按照要求改写句子1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句 )2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)4. Amylikes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答5. We go to school every morning.（改为否定句）6. He speaks English very well.（改为否定句）7. I like taking photos in the park.（对划线部分提问）8. John comes from Canada.（对划线部分提问）9. She is always a good student.（改为一般疑问句，作否定回答）10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.（改为否定句）五、改错（划由错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上）1. Is your brother speak English? 2. Does he likes going fishing?3. He likes play games after class. 4. Mr. Wu teachs usEnglish.5. She do n t do her homework on Sundays.三、现在进行时1 .现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2 .现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.3 .现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。4 .现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。5 .现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为： 疑问词不达意 + be + 主语+动词ing?但疑问词当主语时其结构为：疑问词不达意 + be + 动词ing?动词加ing的变化规则1. 一般情况下，直接加 ing ,如：cook-cooking2. 以不发音的 e 结尾，去 e 力口 ing , 如： make-making, taste-tasting3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再力口 ing ,如：run-running, stop-stopping现在进行时专项练习：、写由下列动词的现在分词：makeplay.runswimgolikewriteskireadhavesingdanceputseebuylovelivetakecomegetstopsitbegin_ shop.、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：I.The boy( draw)a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother( cook )some nice foodnow.4. What you( do ) now?5. Look . They( have) an English lesson .6. They(not ,water) the flowers now.7. Look! the girls(dance )in the classroom .8. What is our granddaughter doing? She(listen ) to music.9. It s 5 o clock now. We(hav e)supper now10.Helen(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is . 三、句型转换：1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)改一般疑问句并作对划线部分进行2. The students are cleaning the classroom .( 肯定和否定回答)3. I m playing the football in the playground .( 提问)对划线部分进行提问4. Tom is reading books in his study .(四、一般将来时一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做更事。句中般有以下时间状语： tomorrow, next day（week, month,（后天）等year ),soon, the day after tomorrow二、基本结构： be going to + do ; will+ do.三、否定句：在 be动词(am, is, are ) l后加not或情态动词 will后 力口 not 成 won t。例如：I m going to have a picnic this afternoon. f Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon.四、一般疑问句：be或will提到句首，some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换。例如： Weare going to go on an outing this weekend. f Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?五、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。1. 问人。Who 例如：I m going to New York soon.fWho sgoing to New York soon.2. 问干什么。What do.例如： My father is going to watcha race with me thisafternoon. fWhat is your father going to do with you thisafternoon.3. 问什么时候。When例如：She s going to go to bed at nine.fWhen is she goingto bed?六、同义句：be going to = willI am going to go swimming tomorrow (明天).=I will go swimming tomorrow.练习：填空。1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I have a picnic with my friends.I have a picnic with my friends.2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛 ？我想去打篮球。Whatnext Monday?I play basketball.What you do next Monday? I play basketball.3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。your mother go shopping this?Yes, she. She buy some fruit.4. 你们打算什么时候见面。What time you meet?改句子。5. Nancy is going to go camping. （改否定）Nancy going to go camping.6. I ll go and join them.（改否定）I go join them.7. Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句）meet at the bus stop at 10:30.9. She is going to listen to music after school.（对划线部分提问） she after school?10. My father and mother are going to see a play theday after tomorrow.（ 同上）going to see a play the day after tomorrow.二。用所给词的适当形式填空。11. Today is a sunny day. We（have） a picnic this afternoon.12. My brother（go） to Shanghai next week.13. Tomoften （go） to school on foot. But today is rain. He （go） to school by bike.14. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually (watch) TV and (catch) insects?15. It s Friday today. What she(do) thisweekend? She (watch) TV and (catch) insects.16. What(d0) you do last Sunday? I (pick) apples on a farm. What(do) next Sunday? I (milk) cows.17. Mary(visit) her grandparents tomorrow.18. Liu Tao(fly) kites in the playground yesterday.19. David(give) a puppet show next Monday.20. I(plan) for my study now.五、一般过去时1. 一般过去时表示过去莫个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。2. Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：am 和is 在般过去时中变为 was。 (was not=wasn t)are 在一般过去时中变为 were。 (were not=weren t)带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和 is, am, are 一样， 即否定句在 was或were后加not, 一般疑问句把 was或were调到句首。3. 句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子否定句：didn t + 动词原形， 如：Jim didn t go homeyesterday. 一般疑问句：在句首加did ,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如： Did Jim go home yesterday?特殊疑问句：疑问词 +did+主语+动词原形？如：What did Jim do yesterday?疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如： Who went to home yesterday?动词过去式变化规则：1 . 一般在动词末尾加 -ed ,如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked2 .结尾是 e 力口 d,如：taste-tasted3 .末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再力口 -ed ,如：stop-stopped4 .以“辅音字母+y”结尾的， 变y为i ,再加-ed ,如：study-studied5 .不规则动词过去式：am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat 过去时练习写由下列动词的过去式isamflyplantaredrinkplaygomakedoesdanceworryasktasteeatdrawputthrowkickpassdoBe动词的过去时练习（1）Name No.Date1、 用be动词的适当形式填空1. I at school just now.2. He at the camp last week.3. We students two years ago.4. They on the farm a moment ago.5. Yang Ling eleven years old last year.6. There an apple on the plate yesterday.7. There some milk in the fridge on Sunday.8. The mobile phone on the sofa yesterdayevening.2、 句型转换1. It was exciting. 否定句：一般疑问句：肯、否定回答：2. All the students were very excited.否定句：一般疑问句：肯、否定回答：3. They were in his pocket.否定句：一般疑问句：肯、否定回答：Be动词的过去时练习(2) 一、用be动词的适当形式填空 1. I an English teacher now.2. She happy yesterday.3. They glad to see each other last month.4. Helen and Nancy good friends.5. The little dog two years old this year.6. Look, there lots of grapes here.of7. There a sign on the chair on Monday.8. Today the second of June. Yesterday the firstJune. It Children s Day. All the students veryexcited.二、句型转换1. There was a car in front of the house just now.否定句：一般疑问句：肯、否定回答：肯、否定回答：行为动词的过去时练习(1) 一、用行为动词的适当形式填空 1. He(live) in Wuxi two years ago. 2. The cat(eat) a bird last night. 3. We(have) a party last Halloween. 4. Nancy(pick) up oranges on the farm last week. 5. I(make) a model ship with Mike yesterday. 6. They(play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.7. My mother(cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.8. The girls(sing) and(dance) at the party.二、句型转换1. Su Hai took some photos at the Sports day.否定句：一般疑问句：肯、否定回答：2. Nancy went to school early.否定句：一般疑问句：肯、否定回答：3. We sang some English songs.否定句：一般疑问句：肯、否定回答：行为动词的过去时练习(2)一、用be动词的适当形式填空1. I(watch) a cartoon on Saturday.2. Her father(read) a newspaper last night.3. We to zoo yesterday, we to the park. (go)4. you(visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?5. he(fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he.6. Gao Shan(pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.7. I (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother .8. What she(find) in the garden last morning? She(find) a beautiful butterfly.二、句型转换1. They played football in the playground.否定句：一般疑问句：肯、否定回答：过去时综合练习(1)1、 用动词的适当形式填空1. It(be) Ben s birthday last Friday.2. We all(have) a good time last night.3. He(jump) high on last Sports Day.4. Helen(milk) a cow on Friday.5. She likes newspapers, but she a book yesterday.(read)6. He football now, but they basketball just now.(play)7. Jim s mother(plant) trees just now.8. they(sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they9. I(watch) a cartoon on Monday.10. We(go) to school on Sunday.2、 中译英1 .我们上周五看了一部电影。2 .他上个中秋节拜访朋友了吗？是的。3 .你们上个儿童节做了什么？我们参观了动物园。4 .你上周在哪儿？在美术馆。过去时综合练习(2)一、用动词的适当形式填空1. It(be) the 2nd of November yesterday.Mr White(go) to his office by car.2. Gao Shan(put) the book on his head a moment ago.3. Don t the house. Mum it yesterday. (clean)4. What you just now? I some housework. (do)5. They(make) a kite a week ago.6. I want to apples. But my dad all of them lastmonth. (pick)7. he the flowers this morning? Yes, he.(water)8. She(be) a pretty girl. Look, she(do) Chinese dances.9. The students often (draw) some pictures in the art room.10. What Mike do on the farm? He cows. (milk)二、中译英1 .他的朋友在照看他的弟弟。2 .他拉小提琴了吗？不，没有六、形容词和副词的比较级复习及练习一、形容词的比较级1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词 than o比较级前面可以用 more, a little 来修饰 表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格（口语中可用宾格） 。2 .形容词加er的规则：一般在词尾加er ;以字母e结尾，力口 r ;以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er ；以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把 y变i ,再加er。3 .不规则形容词比较级：good-better, beautiful-more beautiful二、副词的比较级1 .形容词与副词的区别（有be用形，有形用be；有动用副，有副用动） 在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2 .副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同（不规则变化：well-better, far-farther）三、练习一、写由下列形容词或副词的比较级old young tall longshort strongfat thinnice goodbigsmallheavylightbeautifullow high slow fast late early far well二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：1. My brother is two years(old)than me.2. Tom is as(fat) as Jim.3. Is your sister(young) than you? Yes,she is.4. Who is(thin),you or Helen? Helen is.5. Whose pencil-box is(big),yours or hers? Hers is.6. Mary s hair is as(long) as Lucy s.1 .Ben(jump)(high) than some of the boys in his class.8 . Nancy sing (well) than Helen? Yes, she9 .Fangfang is not as(tall) as the other girls.10 .My eyes are(big) than(she).11 .Which is(heavy),the elephant or the pig?12 .Who gets up(early),Tim or Tom?13 .the girls get up(early) than the boys?No,they.14 . Jim runs(slow). But Ben runs(slow).15 . The child doesn t(write) as(fast) as the students. 三、翻译句子：1、谁比Jim年纪大？is than Jim ?2、谁比David更强壮？ than David?3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。pencil is,or ? is,I think.4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？我的弟弟的。apples ,your or your?My .5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。as as your uncle? Yes,I am.6、他和他的朋友Jim 一样年轻。He as as Jim.7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？不，她比他瘦。as as twin?No,than him.8 .我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。I like.All my than me.9 .我的姐姐起得比我早。My up than me.10 .女孩比男孩唱得好吗？是的。the girls the boys? Yes,they 11 .你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗？you football than your classmates?12 .我母亲比我父亲年纪小。My than my.13 .她的毛衣和我的一样重。sweater as as.14 .我的连衣裙太短了。我想买一条大点的。My dress too. I want to a one.七、There be 句型与have, has 的区别1、There be 句型表示：在奥地有莫物（或人）2、在there be句型中，主语是单数，be动词用is ;主语是复数，be 动词用are ;如有几件物品，be动词根据最*近be动词的那个名词决/Ho3、there be句型的否定句在 be动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别：there be表示在奥地有莫物 (或 人)；have(has) 表示奥人拥有莫物。5、some和 any 在there be 句型中的运用： some用于肯定句，any 用于否定句或疑问句。6、and和or在there be 句型中的运用：and用于肯定句，or用于否定句或疑问句。7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：How many +名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？How much +不可数名词 + is there +介词短语？8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：What s +介词短语？Fill in the blank withhave,has ” or “there is , there are ”1. I a good father and a good mother.2. a telescope on the desk.3. He a tape-recorder.4. a basketball in the playground.5. She some dresses.6. They a nice garden.7. What do you?8. a reading-room in the building?9. What does Mike?10. any books in the bookcase?11. My father a story-book.12. a story-book on the table.13. any flowers in the vase?14. How many students in the classroom?15. My parents some nice pictures.16. some maps on the wall.17. a map of the world on the wall.18. David a telescope.19. David s friends some tents.20.many children on the hill. 用恰当的be动词填空。1、There a lot of sweets in the box.2、There some milk in the glass.3、There some people under the the big tree.4、There a picture and a map on the wall.5、There a box of rubbers near the books.6、There lots of flowers in our garden last year.7、There a tin of chicken behind the fridge yesterday.8、There four cups of coffee on the table.Fill in the blank with have, has ”1. I a nice puppet. 2.He a good friend.3. They somemasks. 4. We somflowers.5. She a duck. 6. My father a newbike.7. Her mother a vase.8. Our teacher an English book.9. Our teachers a basketball.10. Their parents some blankets11. Nancy manyskirts.12. David some jackets.13. My friends a football. 14. What doyou? 15.What does Mike?16. What do your friends?17. What does Helen?18. His brother abasketball.19. Her sister anicedoll.20. Miss Li an English book.八、人称代词和物主代词1、人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候位于than之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。2、物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词主格 宾格 形容词性Imemyyouyouyourhe himhissheherheritititsweusourthey them their .用所给词的适当形式填空.填写代词表 名词性mineyours hishers its ours theirs1. That is notkite. That kite is very small, butis very big.( I )2. The dress is .(she )3. Is thi s watch? (you)Give it to .No, it s not . ( I ) name is Jack. Look! Those4. is my brother. stamps are. ( he )5. dresses are red. (we) What colour are?(you )6. Here are many dolls, which one is?( she )7. I can find my toy, but where s? ( you )8. Show your kite, OK? (they)9. I have a beautiful cat.name is Mimi. These cakes are. ( it )10. Are these tickets? No,are not . aren t here. ( they )11. Shall have a look at that classroom? That is classroom. ( we )12. is my aunt. Do you know job?a nurse. ( she )13. That is not camera.is at home. ( he )14. Where are ? I can t find . Let s call parents. ( they )15. Don t touch.not a cat,atiger!16. sister is ill. Please go and get . ( she )17. don t know her name. Would you please tell. ( we )18. So many dogs. Let s count. ( they )19. I have a lovely brother.is only20. May I sit beside? ( you )21. Look at that desk. Those book are on .(it )22. The girl behind is our friend. (she )二、用 am, is, are 填空1. I a boy.you a boy? No, I not.2. The girl Jacks sister.3. The dog tall and fat.4. The man with big eyes a teacher.5. your brother in the classroom?6. Where your mother?She at home.7. How your father?8. Mike and Liu Tao at school.9. Whose dress this?10. Whose socks they?11. That my red skirt.12. Who I?13. The jeans on the desk.14. Here a scarf for you.15. Here some sweaters for you.16. The black glovesfor Su Yang.17. This pair of gloves for Yang Ling.18. The two cups of milk for me.19. Some tea in the glass.20. Gao shans shirt over there.21. My sisters name Nancy.22. This not Wang Fangs pencil.23. David and Helen from England?24. There a girl in the room.25. There some apples on the tree.26. there any kites in the classroom?27. there any apple juice in the bottle?28. There some bread on the plate.29. There a boy, two girls, three men and ten womenin the park.30. You, he and I from China.九.sometime(s)与 some time(s)的区别(1) sometimes是个频度副词，意为“有时候”，多用于一般现在时， 对它进行提问常用 how often。如：Sometimes I watch TV with my parents . 有时我和父母一起看电 视。How often do you write to your father?你多久给你父亲写次信？ Sometimes. 有时。Sometimes he comes by bike and sometimes by bus.他有时骑车来，有时乘公共汽车来。(2) sometime是一个副词，意为“在莫一时候(过去或将来)”，表示的是任何时候或更一不确定的时间，对它提问用 when o 如：New students will come to school sometime next week. 下周莫个时候新同学就要到校上学了。- When can you finish the work ?你何时能完成这项工 作。 Sometime next month . 下个月莫个时候。You can hand in your homework sometime before Friday.你可以在周五前莫个时候交(3) some time是名词短语，意为“一段时间”，time是不可数名词，对它提问用how long。如：She will stay in Beijing for some time.她将在北京呆一段时间。一Howlong can I be away?我能离开多久？ Some time. 一段时间。Ill be away for some time.我将离开一段时间。(4) sometimes也是一个名词短语，意为“几次(倍)” .time 在这里用 作可数名词，意思是“次数”。对 它 提 问 用 how many times 。 如：一How many times do you watch TV every week ?你 每周看几次电视？ Some times .好几次。some times的意思是“几次”。例如：I have been to the Great Wall some times.我去过长城几次。有一个口诀可以帮助记忆：分开“一段时间”，相聚“莫个时候”；S连住是“有时”，分开“几次”、“几倍”行。解释：some和time分开写时表示“一段时间”，连着写时表示“莫个时候”；有 S连着写时表示“有时”，分开写表示“几 次”、“几倍”的意思。一. 用 sometime, sometimes , some time 与 some times 填空(1), I spent some time reading a Englishlecturers novel written in 1996.(2)Do you have now? I want to talk to you.(3)The new manager was very hot-tempered.(4)He is my boss.(5)After the explosion it was before the town resumedits everyday routines.(6)I met him in the street last month。The play will be put on next week.(8)Good student as he is,he makes mistakes.十.年份、日期、时间一、年份关于四位数年份的读法有下列几种情形：1) 一般情况下，将表示年份的四个数字按前后分为两组，每 一组的数字都按基数词来读。例如：1865 年读作 eighteen sixty-five1998 年读作 nineteen ninety-eight2)如果前两个数字为非“零”数字，后两位数分别为“零”，则先读生前两位数，然后将后面的两个“零”读为hundred。例如：1900 年读作 nineteen hundred1800 年读作 eighteen hundred3)第三个数字为“零”(其他数字不是“零”)的年份的读 法应当将该“零”读为O ：u o例如：1809 年读作 eighteen O nine4)关于千年的一些读法。2000 年读作 two thousand2008 年读作 two thousand and eight (或 twenty O eight )1008 年读作 one thousand and eight (或 ten O eight ) 另外，还有一些非四位数的年份，它们有两种读法：一种是按照基数词的