电大土木工程建筑结构试验试题小抄参考

专业好文档试卷代号：1 142中央广播电视大学2011-2012学年度第一学期“开放本科”期末考试建筑结构试验试题一、选择题（每小题3分，共45分） 1下列，( )不属于科学研究性试验。 A验证结构计算理论的假定 B为制订设计规范提供依据 C为发展和推广新结构、新材料与新工艺提供实践经验 D服役结构的可靠性鉴定 2( )和控制系统可以完成结构静荷试验、结构动荷试验、结构低周疲劳和模拟地震试验等等。 A液压千斤顶 B单向作用液压加载器 C双向作用液压加载器 D电液伺服作动器 3贴电阻片处的应变为1000ye，电阻片的灵敏系数K-2O，在这个电阻片上应产生的电阻变化率应是下列哪一个？( ) A0.2% B0.4% C0.1% D0.3% 4下列，( )可测出钢筋位置。 A超声法 B钻芯法 C磁检测法 D扁顶法 5用量纲分析法进行结构模型设计时，( )不属于基本量纲。 A质量M B应力d C长度L D时间T 6下列钢筋混凝土结构的承载力极限标志中，( )条不正确。 A.跨中最大挠度达到跨度的1/60 B受拉主筋重心处裂缝宽度达到1. 5mm C剪力区，受压混凝土剪压破坏或斜压破坏 D主筋端部相对混凝土滑移达0. 2mm 7疲劳试验过程中要进行四种形式的试验。( )首先调整最大、最小荷载，待稳定后开始记数，直到需做静载试验的次数。在运行过程中，需要做动态挠度与动应变测量。 A预加载 B静载试验 C疲劳试验 D破坏试验 8在结构抗震动力试验中，( )加载方法既能较好地模拟地震又易于实现。 A采用机械式偏心激振器激振 B采用地震模拟振动台 C采用炸药爆炸模拟人工地震 D采用电磁激振器激振 9( )能实现多点同步加载，在建筑结构试验中是理想的加载方法之一，它不但可以对建筑结构物施加静荷载，也可施加动荷载。 A液压加载 B重物加载 C机械式加载 D气压加载 10通过( )这种方式可以实现均布荷载的加载，也可以使用料盘实现集中荷载的加载。 A液压加载 B重物加载 C激振器加载 D机械式加载 11在轴向拉压状态下，( )布置应变片的形式和测量桥路的特点是：消除了温度影响，也消除了偏心荷载的影响，测量灵敏度提高了2(l+v)倍，使用的应变片较多。 A外设补偿片的半桥测试方案 B测量应变片互相补偿的半桥测试方案 C外设补偿片的全桥测试方案 D测量应变片互相补偿的全桥测试方案 12下列，( )属于砌体强度的间接测定法。 A回弹法与推出法 B推出法与扁顶法 C扁顶法与原位单砖双剪法 D原位单砖双剪法与回弹法 137r定理表述如下：如果一个物理现象可由n个物理量构成的物理方程式描述，在n个物理量中有k个独立的物理量，则该物理现象也可以用这些量组成的( n-k)个无量纲群的关系来描述。7c定理是相似的( )。 A必要条件 B充分条件 C判据存在定理 14用( )得到的频率和阻尼均比较准确，但只能测出基本频率。 A自由振动法 B共振法 C脉动法 15受弯构件的疲劳破坏标志为受压区混凝土疲劳破坏时，这是当( )可能发生。 A配筋率正常或较低时 B配筋率正常或过高时 C配筋率过高或倒T形截面时 D配筋率过低或倒T形截面时二、判断题（每小题3分共15分。将判断结果填入括弧，以表示 正确，以表示错误） 1动力试验包括振动试验和疲劳试验。( ) 2被测物理量的单位变化引起测试系统输出值变化量的大小称为灵敏度，灵敏度的表示方法是：输出量与被测物理量之比。( ) 3在动力反复荷载作用下，结构的强度要比静力低周反复加载降低10%以上。( ) 4动荷加载的方式有：重物加载、惯性力加载、激振器加载、爆炸加载、液压加载。( ) 5板、壳一般只承受压力，承载力标志是混凝土被压坏。( )三、简答题（共40分） 1结构试验按试验的目的、对象、荷载性质、试验场所以及试验持续时间可将结构试验分为哪几类？（7分） 答： 2电阻应变测量方法的主要特点如何？（7分） 答：3什么是结构试验的加载制度？它包括哪些内容？（7分）答：4静力试验最大优点是什么？（7分）答：5试述测量应变有哪几种仪器（方法）?（6分）答：6动力试验包括哪些试验？（6分）答：试卷代号：1 142 中央广播电视大学2011-2012学年度第一学期“开放本科”期末考试建筑结构试验试题答案及评分标准 （供参考）一、选择题（每小题3分，共45分） 1D 2D 3A 4C 5B 6A 7C 8B 9A 10B 11D 12A 13C 14A 15C二、判断题（每小题3分，共15分。将判断结果填入括弧，以表示正确，以表示错误） 1 2 3 4 5三、简答题（共40分） 1结构试验按试验的目的、对象、荷载性质、试验场所以及试验持续时间可将结构试验分为哪几类？（7分） 答：结构试验按试验的目的、对象、荷载性质、试验场所以及试验持续时间可将结构试验分为生产检验性试验和科学研究性试验；真型试验与模型试验；静力试验与动力试验；短期荷载试验与长期荷载试验。 2电阻应变测量方法的主要特点如何？（7分） 答：电阻应变测量方法的主要特点：测量灵敏度高；标距小；滞后小；在复杂的环境中也可以完成应变测量。 3什么是结构试验的加载制度？它包括哪些内容？（7分） 答：结构试验加载制度是指结构试验进行期间控制荷载与加载时间的关系。它包括加载速度的快慢、加载时间间歇的长短、分级荷载的大小和加载、卸载循环的次数等。 4静力试验最大优点是什么？（7分） 答：静力试验的最大优点是所有加载设备相对简单，荷载逐级施加，可以停下来仔细观测结构变形，给人一明晰的破坏概念。 5试述测量应变有哪几种仪器（方法）?（6分） 答：电阻应变计；手持式应变计；振弦式应变计。 6动力试验包括哪些试验？（6分） 答：动力试验包括振动试验和疲劳试验。Winger Tuivasa-Sheck, who scored two tries in the Kiwis 20-18 semi-final win over England, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while Slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against USA.Both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but Australia have not conceded a try since Josh Charnleys effort in their first pool match against England on the opening day.Aussie winger Jarryd Hayne is the competitions top try scorer with nine, closely followed by Tuivasa-Sheck with eight.But it is recently named Rugby League International Federation player of the year Sonny Bill Williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.The Kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the World Cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the All Blacks in 2011.Id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend, said Williams.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday.I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure, he told BBC Sport.For me its about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against CSKAfor the racist behaviour of their fans duringCitys 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toures complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA. Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.They blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the Kiwis in Manchester.Five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by Englands Josh Charnley in the opening game of the tournament.That could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but I have been impressed by the Kangaroos focus in their games since then.They have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. Theyve been great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands but not by your team-mates.It is as though their entire tournament has been preparation for the final.In Johnathan Thurston, Cooper Cronk, Cameron Smith and either Billy Slater or Greg Inglis at full-back they have a spine that is unmatched in rugby league. They have played in so many high-pressure games - a priceless asset going into Saturday.The Kiwis are a lot less experienced but winning a dramatic match like their semi-final against England will do wonders for their confidence.They defeated Australia in the Four Nations final in 2010 and the last World Cup, and know they can rise to the big occasion.