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本科毕业设计外文资料翻译 系 别信息工程系学生姓名专 业电气工程及其自动化学 号外文资料翻译译文PLC技术讨论与未来发展玛丽亚：约安尼季斯，高级会员，IEEE可编程逻辑控制器（PLC）或可编程控制器是一种用于机电过程自动化的数字计算机，如工厂的装配线，控制机械游乐设施，或照明灯具。PLC应用在许多工业和机器。不同于通用计算机，PLC是专为多个输入和输出的安排，扩展温度范围，免疫力电气噪声，抗振动和冲击。程序控制机器操作通常存储在备用电池或非易失性存储器。PLC要求实时系统的一个例子，因为输出必须响应输入条件的有限时间内，否则会导致意想不到的结果。1历史。PLC是应美国汽车制造行业的需要发明了。可编程逻辑控制器最初由汽车行业软件修订取代硬连线控制面板重新布线时生产模式改变了。PLC，控制，测序之前，和安全连锁逻辑制造汽车是使用数百或数千继电器，完成凸轮计时器，鼓音序器和专用闭环控制器。对于每年更新的模型等设施转变过程是非常耗时和昂贵的，作为电工需要单独改变每个继电器。1968 GM Hydramatic（通用汽车自动变速器分）发放了硬连线中继系统的电子替代方案的请求。获奖的提案来自贝德福德联营公司的贝德福德，马萨诸塞州。第一个PLC，指定084因为是贝德福德联营公司的四分之八十个项目，结果。贝德福德联营公司开始了一个新的公司，致力于开发，生产，销售，和服务这一新产品：Modicon，它代表模块化数字控制器。一个从事该项目的人是迪克莫利，谁被认为是“父亲”的PLC。Modicon品牌销售在1977古尔德电子，后来被德国AEG公司，然后是法国施耐德电气，当前的所有者。一个非常084建立的模型现在陈列在Modicon总部设在北安多佛，马萨诸塞州。它是由通用汽车公司提出了Modicon，当单位是经过近二十年的不间断服务退休。Modicon使用84的名字在其产品范围的结束，直到984出现。汽车行业仍然是一个公司最大的用户。2发展。早期的可编程控制器是设计来取代继电器逻辑系统。这些公司在“梯形”程序，非常类似的继电器逻辑示意图。这一计划符号的选择，以减少对现有技术人员的培训需求。其他早期的可编程控制器使用指令表编程，基于逻辑解算器堆栈。现代的PLC可编程在以各种方式，从梯形逻辑更传统的编程语言，如基本和C的另一个方法是国家的逻辑，一个高层次的编程语言设计程序的PLC基于状态转换图。许多早期的PLC没有附带的编程终端，有能力的逻辑图形表示，这样的逻辑是不是代表在一些版本的布尔格式的一系列逻辑表达式，类似于布尔代数。作为编程终端的进化，它为梯形逻辑可以变得更加普遍，因为上述理由。新的格式，如状态的逻辑和功能块（这是类似的方式描述逻辑是在使用数字逻辑集成电路）的存在，但他们仍然是不受欢迎的梯形逻辑。这一主要原因是可编程控制器解决在可预见的和重复的序列的逻辑，和梯形逻辑允许程序员（人写作的逻辑）看到与逻辑的时间序列更容易将其他格式的可能的任何问题。早期的PLC，到80年代中期，使用专有的编程小组或专用编程终端程序，往往有专门的功能键代表不同的逻辑要素的PLC程序。程序存储在盒式磁带盒。用于打印设备很小由于缺乏内存容量。最古老的可编程控制器用于非挥发性记忆体磁芯。最近，PLC应用软件在个人电脑上的程序。计算机通过以太网连接到PLC，RS-232，RS-485或RS-422缆线。编程软件允许输入的阶梯式逻辑编辑。一般来说，软件提供了用于调试和故障排除的PLC软件的功能，随着时代的发展，当今的技术也日趋完善，竞争愈演愈烈；单靠人工的操作已不能满足于目前的制造业前景，也无法保证更高质量和高新技术企业的形象要求。人们在生产实践中看到，自动化给人们带来了极大的便利和为人的产品质量上的保证，同时也减轻了人员的劳动强度，减少了人员上的建立。在许多复杂的生产过程中难以实现的目标控制，整体优化，最佳决策等，熟练的操作工，技术人员或专家，州长也容易判断和操作，可以获得满意的结果。人工智能的研究目标，利用计算机准确地进行，模仿这些智能行为，通过调节工作的人的大脑和计算器，那人的机相结合的方式，为解决非常复杂的问题，寻找最佳路径我们看到了控制环节后，在各种场合的电器，这已经是时代的过去，现在使用后在模具或者简单的基层控制电器能做的只有低水平的设备；而PLC的出现也成为了划时代的主题，加入生动的软件控制通过一个非常稳定的硬件，为新高潮，使自动化的头。PLC的最大特点在于：电气工程师已不再电气的硬件上人们太多的成本，只要将按钮开关或传感器的输入点连接到PLC的输入上就能解决问题，通过输出点连接接触器或控制的大功率启动设备后的电器，但输出设备直接连接的小功率。PLC内部牵制的CPU，并带有一个我I/O扩展外部连接人的地址和节省机三大块构成，CPU的核心是从一个或多个累加机组成，数学，他们有逻辑运算能力，和可以读取程序保存本机内容驱动相应的节能机器和我I/O的连接后，通过计算；的我I/O添加内部分是累的输入输出系统的PLC的抗干扰是极其优秀的，我们根本不用去关心它的使用寿命和工作形势不好，这些所有的问题已不再成为我们失败的主题，而留给我们的是到内部资源利用PLC来为我们加强设备的控制能力的关注，使我们的设备更加温柔。PLC语言不是我们想象的汇编语言或语言的CS进行编程，但后来控制电器采用原有的梯形图，使电气工程教师而织造编写程序很容易理解的PLC编程语言，和很多非电专业也很快认识和深入到PLC。PLC上面的一个优势，这也是一部分，人们理解更容易，在很多的设备中，人们已不再希望看到太多的控制按钮，他们不仅损害易产生人为误差容易，小的并不是主要的失误也许你仍然可以接受；而过大的甚至是致命的失误是我们无法容忍的。为使更多的安全和便捷的操作新的技术总是，让我们为很多扫而光面子问题，你懂的HMI吗？这里说HMI你根本不清楚它是什么，也没有兴趣了解，换一个中文解释为触摸屏或者人机界面你就知道了，它和PLC的结合给了我们更大的空间。HMI控制不仅仅是减少了控制按钮，增加控制的灵活性，更主要的是可顺序性的，而且能够改变数据输入和数据输出反馈，在温度控制曲线的模拟也能直观的显示出来。可以通过编程来提供各种力所能及的帮助写功能帮助程序，一个让操作，减少不必要的失误。HMI的厂商目前也越来越多，功能也越来越强，价格也越来越低，使用的面越来越广。外文原文PLC technique discussion and future developmentMaria: Yueanni Ji Si, senior member, IEEEProgrammable logic controller (PLC) or programmable controller is a digital computer for automation of electromechanical processes, such as factory assembly lines, control the mechanical amusement facilities, or lighting. PLC application in many industry and machine. Unlike general-purpose computers, the PLC is designed for multiple input and output arrangements, extended temperature range, immunity to electrical noise, and resistance to vibration and impact. Program control machine operation are typically stored in battery-backed or non-volatile memory. An example of the PLC requirements of real-time systems, because of the limited time output must respond to input conditions, otherwise it will lead to beat all results.1 history.PLC is the United States of America automobile industry should be developed. Programmable logic controller initially by the revised Automotive Software to replace hardwired control panel to the wiring mode of production changes.PLC, control, sequencing, and safety interlock logic manufacturing automobile use hundreds or thousands of relays, complete cam timers, drum sequencer and dedicated closed-loop controller. It is very time consuming and expensive to change annually updated model and other facilities, as the electrical need to change each relay.1968 GM Hydramatic (GM automatic transmission division) issued electronic alternatives hard-wired relay systems request. The winning proposal from Bedford Associate Companies of Bedford, Massachusetts. The first PLC, specify 084 for Bedford Associate Companies of the 80/4 projects, the results. Bedford Associate Companies started a new company, committed to the development, production, sales, and service of this new product: Modicon, which represents a modular digital controller. One engaged in the project are Dick Morley, who is considered the father of the PLC. Modicon brand sales in the 1977 Gould electronics, and later by the German company AEG, then Frances Schneider electric, the current owner. A 084 model is now on display at Modicon headquarters in Brian Dover, Massachusetts. It is composed of General Motors is proposed for Modicon, when the unit is after nearly twenty years of uninterrupted service retirement. The end of Modicon using 84 name in its product range, until 984 appeared. The automotive industry is still one of the biggest users of the company.2 development. Early programmable controller is designed to replace relay logic system. These companies in the ladder program, schematic diagram of relay logic is very similar. The plan selection of a symbol, in order to reduce the existing technical staff training needs. Other early programmable controller using instruction list program, logic solver based on the stack. Modern PLC can be programmed in a variety of ways, from the ladder logic more traditional programming language, another method such as the basic and C is the countrys logic, a high-level programming language design program based on PLC state transition diagram. Many of the early PLC no programming terminal incidental, logical graphics capability, this logic is it right? In a series of logical expression some version of Boolean format, similar to the Boolean algebra. As the programming terminal evolution, it is the ladder logic could become more widespread, because the above reason. The new format, such as the state of the logic and function block (this is similar to the way of description logic is integrated circuit used in digital logic) exist, but they are still not popular ladder logic. This is mainly due to the programmable controller to solve in predictable and repetitive sequence logic ladder logic, and allows the programmer (writing logic) to see and logic time sequence is easier to any other format possible. The early PLC, to 80 time metaphase, using a proprietary programming team or special programming terminal program, often have logic elements dedicated function keys represent different PLC program. The program is stored in a cassette tape box. Printing devices used to very small due to the lack of memory capacity. Used non-volatile magnetic core memory of the oldest programmable controller. Recently, PLC application software on personal computer. The computer is connected to the PLC through the Ethernet, RS-232, RS-485 or RS-422 cable. Programming software allows the ladder logic input edit. In general, software provides for debugging and troubleshooting the PLC software function,Along with the development of the ages, the technique that is nowadays is also gradually perfect, the competition plays more strong; the operation that list depends the artificial has already cant satisfied with the current manufacturing industry foreground, also cant guarantee the request of the higher quantity and high new the image of the technique business enterprise.The people see in produce practice, automate brought the tremendous convenience and the product quantities for people up of assurance, also eased the personnels labor strength, reduce the establishment on the personnel. The target control of the hard realization in many complicated production lines, whole and excellent turn, the best decision etc., well-trained operation work, technical personnel or expert, governor but can judge and operate easily, can acquire the satisfied result. The research target of the artificial intelligence makes use of the calculator exactly to carry out, imitate these intelligences behavior, moderating the work through persons brain and calculators, with the mode that persons machine combine, for resolve the very complicated problem to look for the best pathWe come in sight of the control that links after the electric appliances in various situation, that is already the that time generation past, now of after use in the mold a perhaps simple equipments of grass-roots control that the electric appliances can do for the low level only; And the PLC emergence also became the epoch-making topic, adding the vivid software control through a very and stable hardware, making the automation head for the new high tide.The PLC biggest characteristics lie in: The electrical engineering teacher already no longer electric hardware up too many calculations of cost, as long as order the importation that the button switch or the importation of the sensors order to link the PLC up can solve problem, pass to output to order the conjunction contact machine or control the start equipments of the big power after the electric appliances, but the exportation equipments direct conjunction of the small power can.PLC internal containment have the CPU , and take to have an I/O for expand of exterior to connect a peoples address and saving machine three big pieces to constitute, CPU core is from an or many is tired to add the machine to constitute, mathematics that they have the logic operation ability, and can read the procedure save the contents of the machine to drive the homologous saving machine and I/O connect after pass the calculation; The I/O add inner part is tired the input and output system ofThe PLC anti- interference is very and excellent, our root need not concern its service life and the work situation bad, these all problems have already no longer become the topic that we fail, but stay to our is a concern to come to internal resources of make use of the PLC to strengthen the control ability of the equipments for us, make our equipments more gentle.PLC language is not we imagine of edit collected materials the language or language of Cs to carry on weaving the distance, but the trapezoid diagram that the adoption is original after the electric appliances to control, make the electrical engineering teacher while weaving to write the procedure very easy comprehended the PLC language, and a lot of non- electricity professional also very quickly know and go deep into to the PLC.Is PLC one of the advantage above and only, this is also one part that the people comprehend more and easily, in a lot of equipments, the people have already no longer hoped to see too many control buttons, they damage not only and easily and produce the artificial error easiest, small is not a main error perhaps you can still accept; But lead even is a fatal error greatly is what we cant is tolerant of. New technique always for bringing more safe and convenient operation for us, make we a lot of problems for face on sweep but light, do you understand the HMI? Says the HMI here you basically not clear what it is, also have no interest understanding, change one inside text explains it into the touch to hold or man-machine interface you knew, it combines with the PLC to our larger space.HMI the control not only is reduced the control press button, increase the vivid of the control, more main of it is can sequence of, and at can the change data input to output the feedback with data, control in the temperature curve of imitate but also can keep the manifestation of view to come out. And can write the function help procedure through a plait to provide the help of various what lies in ones power, the one who make operate reduces the otiose error. Currently the HMI factory is also more and more, the function is also more and more strong, the price is also more and more low, and the noodles of the usage are wide more and more. The HMI foreground can say that 第 5 页 共 5 页
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