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Sino-US trade friction: A Dialectic Analysis ofSince the late 70s of the 20th century China in the early 80s began to reform and opening up policy, the rapid development of Sino-US trade; into the 21st century, Chinas accession is to inject a strong Sino-US trade of live power, Sino-US trade made significant progress. By 2006, total bilateral trade increased to a record 262.7 billion U.S. dollars. Sino-US trade large scale, rapid development, world-renowned, but also bound to be affected countries and the world economy is an important factor in economic development.Vigorous development of China-US trade, China also faces the United States and other trading partners are frequent .The great challenges of trade friction. According to statistics, from 1979 to the end of September 2006, the cumulative total of 38 countries initiated against Chinese exports from 815 anti-dumping, countervailing, safeguard measures and special safeguard measures investigation. Among them, the United States from July 1980 to China menthol anti-dumping investigations initiated by the first counting, as of 2005, the United States has accumulated since China initiated 114 anti-dumping investigations, 19 from the safeguard measures, accounting for 20% of the total number involved is so far trade friction with China than any other country. Taken together, the Sino-US trade friction present the following four major Area characteristics: (A)Trade friction involved widening the scope of Sino-US trade products trade friction in the past focused mainly on light industry, textile and other traditional industrial products, among the most prominent China-US textile trade friction. But the current Sino-US trade friction from individual products to multiple industries and structural phase direction development of trade from goods to services trade, intellectual property, standards direction. U.S. anti-dumping cases in the total number of traditional industries products from the 20th century, the proportion of 80% to 88.8 %.2005, 48% over the same period, mechanical and electrical products, automobiles, pharmaceutical products .But the proportion rose from 5.5% to 25.4%. (B) Increasing diversification of trade friction in the form of the United States to China product exports to the U.S. antidumping investigation is still a major Sino-US trade friction .Form, but has started to safeguard clause, safeguard measures, 337 and other aspects of the transfer. To 337 as an example, based on 337, the United States according to national law, realized foreign goods violation of their intellectual property right to interfere. In recent years, the United States have said the reports of the Chinese governments intellectual property of U.S. companies rights protection ineffective start against Chinese products have so far been more than 10 times, 337 Terms investigation. (C)Trade frictions related to the fields of finance, in recent years, with further increase bilateral trade imbalance, the U.S. Congress and The White House has frequently shot, to seek the grounds of the United States balance of trade pressure on people RMB appreciation. First there is the 2003 so-called Schumer - Graham Act (Schumer-Graham Bill), and then again in 2006, 3 Launched a more rigorous Grassley - Baucus bill (Grassley-Baucus Bill). U.S. Treasury Secretary John Snow and the last two on is also the issue of the RMB exchange rate continued to exert pressure on China force, urging the Chinese government by the United States will reform the exchange rate change existing exchange rate system. (D) The emergence of trade friction between the two countries bilateral relations and comprehensive on the development of signs of linking between the United States should stand for all Are put on the table to discuss issues, calling on China to act to present and U.S. cooperation in good faith. Graham claimed that Chinas economic issues no action will affect the future of other relations between the two countries. Display United States growing trade relations between countries and between the development of a comprehensive problem Together. Two Inevitable trade friction and has the development of Sino-US economic and trade relations cause significant negative impact, it is beyond doubt. According to the Ministry of Commerce Statistics, 1980 to 2003, subject to allegations of U.S. anti-dumping investigation Chinese products have nearly the coverage of species in the United States has been closed China anti-dumping investigations, 80% of the products China exports to the U.S. tax rate increase ranging from the U.S. anti-dumping duties. Sino-US trade friction .The growing, so that Chinas export manufacturers suffered huge economic losses. In addition to these two countries to trade relations with the political issues linked to aggressive domineering display outside of the United States in the Sino-US trade dispute End of treatment, the United States also implemented a number of Chinese enterprises discriminatory measures, Chinese enterprises actually enjoy to the unfair treatment. If ignoring Chinas reform and opening up, especially since 1992, the socialist establishment and development of market economy results, stubbornly refused to recognize Chinese enterprises full market economy status, the abuse of non-market economic status clause; Another example is the anti-dumping investigation, obstinately to the basic Economic conditions and overall economic development is far from the country of China Home as Chinas alternative country and hung fair trade in the name of trade real protection; Another example Abuse safeguard measures low-threshold characteristics of light easy to take on the special safeguard measures in China. China-US trade friction in the subject of unfair treatment remain silent is obviously not desirable. Chinas export manufacturing enterprises industry, related trade associations and other intermediary organizations, relevant governmental departments are should be given high priority, in each case be carefully studied to Chinas overall national interests, with respect for rules, fair competition, mutual cooperation .For the principle, according to the relevant legal provisions and international trade practices, product very responding. Through bilateral negotiations or through a multilateral framework, it was reasonable force struggle for legitimate and reasonable interests. In fact, the United States in 1999 apple juice dispute, the 2002 Sino-US disputes, ball bearings, China Fight to win or part of the successful results. Three Current treatment of Sino-US trade friction problem, neither can be lightly heart, to see the seriousness of it, it may be destructive to the formation of adequate assessment and adequate pre-effective prevention mechanism. Meanwhile, more therefore essential to increase even more valuable is the Sino-US trade friction Cleaning to maintain a receptive to a rational and calm manner, on the Sino-US trade friction to scientific dialectical analysis. Rational perspective of Sino-US trade friction, you can see Sino-US trade friction .The occurrence of rubbing and getting worse and worse with its objective necessity. First, the Sino-US trade friction is the worlds economic imbalances, the U.S. economy become increasingly prominent in the various conflicts and trade protectionism in the United States payable to the normal reflected. Overall imbalance in the current world economy, the States, economies and trade exchanges between the environment against the background of tightening, Sino-US trade friction is the worlds group of economic friction and dispute as part of the. Sino-US trade friction between the normal thing to do, do not be surprised. Although the United States to other countries frequently initiated anti-dumping investigations by other countries of its own investigation is also placed on file one of the main target of the European Union, Japan, Korea and other countries have no exceptions. These data clearly show that trade friction has become the world will Must face the reality of a universal. Chinas accession, in deeper surface and on a larger scale involved in the process of economic globalization, the first when it Washed in from other countries facing the pressure of trade friction is inevitable. As Chinas most important trading partner, the United States as China initiated anti-dumping sales than any other country to initiate an investigation, it is not surprising. Since, as this, on the Sino-US trade friction can only calm, calm face, large can not have too much economic nationalism doping. Second, Sino-US trade friction between Chinas sustained economic rapid development of Chinas international economic position to enhance natural rapid production material. Chinas reform and opening up previously closed-door policy in the basic state huge one China, its international trades share in global trade pitiful, trade friction has come from? However, nearly 30 years to change reform and opening up, Chinas rapid emergence as the global economy has held full weight status of the fourth-largest economy. Maintain long-term high-fat in the economy development, Chinas active integration into the mainstream of world economic processes, 2006 Chinas foreign trade totaled more than 1.7607 trillion U.S. dollars, a surplus reached 177.5 billion U.S. dollars. 1978 rankings from 32-bit world trade body, the development of the worlds No. 3 trading power. Chinas foreign trade such a large and rapid growth, will inevitably impact on the international market both in the interests of the pattern of trade friction in the hard Free. To the textile trade, for example, in 2004 Chinas global textile exports Textiles 95.1 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for the global textile trade volume of 1 / 4; In 2005, Chinas fiber processing capacity 24 million tons, about the World Health production . In 2005, the United States, various types of textile imports from China Product total 16.8 billion square meters, up 43.8%; import value 22.4 billion U.S. dollars, up 53.9%. In China since 2002 Remained the largest U.S. supplier of the status of textile products in 2005 the market share of more than 2 to 6 supply country (region) combined. In 2002 as the base year, 2005, Chinas textile products exported to the U.S. The number increased 238%, the amount increased by 156%. Such a large growth will inevitably lead to a rebound in the U.S. related to the industry. As a result, the United States textile producers in China strongly urge the Government to use special protective measures to limit textile imports. Results 1 launched in 2003, the United States since 2004 launched since 2005, launched nine special protection from the restrictions, in addition also 24 categories of Chinese textile quota investigation. Rational perspective of Sino-US trade friction, in addition to understanding the Sino-US trade the objective necessity of friction, it also should be clear to see that trade friction. Sino-US trade friction is not the subject of trade protectionism the theme of Sino-US trade. Not to say, the United States adopted some trade protectionist measures taken on the development of Sino-US economic and trade relations is indeed. System had a negative impact to Chinas export manufacturers are caused real economic losses. Although the trade friction between the two countries has occurred, also often you can hear the noise of trade protectionism. But these are not constitutive into the main body of China-US bilateral trade. Statistics show that in 2005 the United States that trade frictions with China, the amount of money involved 1.48 billion U.S. dollars, Chinese exports to the U.S. compared to the year, but the proportion of district 0.89%. Otherwise, how to understand the continuing trade friction . Meanwhile, the Sino-US trade how to achieve high growth is still high. Four More significantly, rational perspective of Sino-US trade friction, we Should be realistic and understand that things are always two, and now Sino-US trade friction to a certain extent in fact there are positive meaning. (A)Regarding the promotion of export market diversification strategy and the change of the economic growth patterns present, Chinas exports more than 75% of sales to the United States, Japan, the European Union the three markets. Exports to the United States .And most are concentrated in labor-intensive products such as textiles, footwear, playing equipment and so on. The added value, low product differentiation and prices .The competitiveness of products once formed a strong focus on the large U.S. market low-volume exports, can easily cause a strong rebound in the U.S. triggered the Sino-US trade friction. Therefore, the Sino-US trade friction with greater destructive power, it an important reason is that China is heavily dependent on the U.S. market. Chinas trade dependence on the United States 5.4% in 1997 rising to 8.9% in 2003 . Chinas exports to the U.S. accounted for Chinas total exports more than 20%, while U.S. exports to China accounted for only 2% of its total exports. Chinas imports from the U.S. share of total Chinese imports accounted for about 10%, while U.S. imports from China accounted for only 2.5% of its total imports. Export too Focus is not conducive to spread risk, is not conducive to full use of global resources, easily lead to trade friction. In this sense, the Sino-US trade friction contribute to accelerate the promotion of Chinas export market diversification strategy, help Chinese enterprises to actively develop foreign direct investment and China comprehensive international competitiveness of enterprises. In addition, the frequency of Sino-US trade friction .Reality, the full explanation from the other side will increase the Chinese economy long pattern of promoting investment-type and export-led into Domestic demand-pull of the necessity and urgency. (B) Of the vicious price competition on a long time, China indeed, some export production enterprises that use low-cost competitive strategy has a strong preference, which means the competition is the best at price war. These enterprises often focus on production growth, technological innovation and enterprise improve the products value added less focus, focus only on immediate the lack of long-term strategic considerations. What can make money, flew on a Coax into the sky, the rush to squeeze past. Chinese exports of socks, for example, a survey showed that province exported to Europe and the United States market, socks, in the United States can be sold for four U.S. dollars a dozen, can be sold in Japan, 6 dollars a dozen, however, enterprises in export socks are too many mutual bargain between enterprises, vicious competition, the final price down to the socks for 99 cents a dozen. Prices the tragic situation of war is evident. The result is not only squeezed out of the natural I own profit margin business, but also easily invited heavy criticism, stricken countries Anti-dumping investigations, leading to trade friction. (C) Guidance on national foreign trade policy issues over a period of time .Room, the states foreign trade policy to encourage export-oriented, the export record meeting as a top priority. Chinas export trade in a low-fat development phase of reform and opening up, the export strategy is the development of such cooperation reasonable. But so far China has become the worlds third largest trading nation, if it wants to keep emphasis on increasing exports, brought its policy-oriented one-sidedness highlights the negative impact on the increasingly inevitable. Under such a policy-oriented Sino-US trade rapid increase of trade surplus, and objectively to the United States enormous pressure others will not tell you that strange a bustling trade friction. U.S. economist Joseph that with economic models, such as fruit on a countrys trade surplus over the 25% to 30% .It is not only an economic problem, but also become a political issue. Can be seen, most of the year, Chinas trade surplus account deficits of the United States 10% to 40% . In such a situation, Sino-US trade friction be ruled out. (D) On the promotion of technological change, transition and development strategies upgrading of industrial structure adjustment of a long time, labor costs advantage for the formation of the comparative advantages of Chinas exports have played a major dry core, a number of labor-intensive industries was a great development. But stubbornly cling to the labor cost advantage, that is bound to form a single category of Chinese export products, the technological content and added value low, business technology innovation and marketing capability development lagged behind the structural question title, into the number can only rely on the predicament of expansion and price competition, even fall into the comparative advantage trap. External pressure from the trade friction technology related businesses will Strategic restructuring, innovation and development of a strong driving force, forcing them high-end business transfer to the industry chain, from a simple quantitative expansion to qualitative capacity to improve and enhance the value-added model transformation from a focus on production and processing .Link to technology innovation, brand development, optimal management and development of export channels .Road and other sectors tilt and ultimately enhance their overall competitive strength. In addition, the external pressure from the trade friction can be mandatory .To eliminate a number of competitive enterprises and industries, promoting industrial Results structure adjustment and upgrading. Japan, for example, from the perspective of history, Japan this and the States trade friction from the 20th century to the 50s light 60s heavy and chemical industries, to 70s and 80s processing .Assembly industry. With the Japan-US trade friction, Japan seized the opportunity to accelerate .To promote its domestic industrial restructuring and upgrading of the labor completed .Intensive to capital (resource) intensive, technology-intensive and then to transfer Change. Japans experience in this area as well as enlightening them .Not worth thinking seriously about it on the improvement of Chinas overall national welfare, building socialism .Harmonious social justice issues over the years, the Chinese enjoy low labor costs .Honest it, in the international market competition to be rightly, External .The rapid development of trade, foreign exchange reserves rose sharply, it seems that the formation of the China product is competitive, a certain way of thinking. However, this excellent situation to a certain extent even by contemporary advances the welfare of future generations form into the. Some companies do not say to SI8000 standards, even the minimum social security staff, overtime pay, working hours and so hard to do .Environmental pollution, ecological damage and other outside of the price basically not included in cost. Seemingly strong competitive company in essence is a multi- level of distortion of the product. It now appears that if we, as in the past .As measures to encourage more low-priced exports, Chinas national welfare at the expense .The greater the cost. This clearly establish the scientific development concept and building resources We Americans have trouble with trade frictions, promote Chinas Business, government and society more concerned about the livelihood of the people, pay attention to the protection of labor Fu Interest and welfare of the people, have a strong environmental awareness, attention to resource conservation .And environmental protection, including positive significance is obvious.
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