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一一 本单元语法重点:本单元语法重点:1 询问某人健康及遇到麻烦的表达方法询问某人健康及遇到麻烦的表达方法2 情态动词情态动词 should 的用法的用法3 反身代词的用法反身代词的用法二二 本单元的写作话题:本单元的写作话题: 能就健康和安全问题提出合理性的建议。能就健康和安全问题提出合理性的建议。 1 matter : (n.) 问题问题 , 事情事情 询问询问1)某人所遇到的麻烦事某人所遇到的麻烦事2)医生、护士询问病人医生、护士询问病人 3) 询问某物出了什么故障询问某物出了什么故障 的常用句子有:的常用句子有:Whats the matter ( with you /him/ your bike ) ? trouble problem = Whats your trouble ( problem) ?= Whats wrong (with you /him / your bike ) ? = Whats up ? 回答:回答:Bad luck. I lost my keys . I have a headache . My bike doesnt work . (v.) 要紧,要紧, 关系重大关系重大 - 如果我迟到要紧吗?如果我迟到要紧吗? - 不要紧。不要紧。-Does it matter if I am late ? - It doesnt matter . -2 sore ( adj.) 疼痛的,疼痛的, 酸痛的酸痛的嗓子疼嗓子疼 背疼背疼膝盖疼膝盖疼 have a sore throat back knee have a pain in throat back knee have a + 名词名词 表示某种疾病表示某种疾病 感冒感冒发发(高高/低低)烧烧咳嗽咳嗽 have a cold have a ( high / low ) fever have a cough 头疼头疼 牙疼牙疼胃疼胃疼(肚子疼肚子疼)耳朵疼耳朵疼脚疼脚疼手指疼手指疼 have a headache have a toothache have a stomachache have a earache have a pain in the foot have a pain in the finger 3 lie (v.) 1) 躺,躺, 平躺平躺 2) 位于位于 单三单三 现分现分过去式过去式 过去分词过去分词 lies lying lay lain 3) 撒谎撒谎 过去式过去式/ 过去分词过去分词 lied 4) ( n.) 谎言谎言 说谎说谎 tell a lie ( lies ) 有一只狗躺在地上。有一只狗躺在地上。 There is a dog lying on the ground . 拓展:拓展:1) 说谎者说谎者 2) lay ( v.) liar la a. 下蛋下蛋 b. 放置放置 单三单三 现分现分过去式过去式 过去分词过去分词 lays laying laid laid 不要相信他的话,因为他是个说谎者。不要相信他的话,因为他是个说谎者。母鸡每天下很多蛋。母鸡每天下很多蛋。课前请放好你的书和学习用品。课前请放好你的书和学习用品。Dont believe his words, because he is a liar.Hens lay lots of eggs every day .Please lay your books and school things before class .躺下(休息)躺下(休息)躺在床上躺在床上 lie down ( and rest ) lie in bed 4 rest (n.& v.) 放松,放松, 休息休息 单三单三 现分现分 过去式过去式 /过去分词过去分词 rests resting rested 休息一下休息一下好好休息好好休息 have a rest / break have a good rest 5 cough (n.&v.) 咳嗽咳嗽 单三单三 现分现分 过去式过去式/过去分词过去分词 coughs /s / coughing coughed / t /6 X-ray (n.) X射线,射线,X光光 做做X光检查光检查 get an X-ray 7 take ones temperature 量体温量体温 在量过体温后护士告诉我发高烧。在量过体温后护士告诉我发高烧。 The nurse told me that I had a high fever after taking my temperature . 8 take ( / have ) a break ( / breaks ) 你需要你需要离开电脑休息一下离开电脑休息一下了。了。You need to take breaks away from the computer .两节课之间有两节课之间有十分钟的休息十分钟的休息(时间)(时间) 。There is a 10- minute break between classes. 9 hurt 1 ) (v.) (使使) 疼痛,疼痛, 受伤受伤 主语常为疼痛的主语常为疼痛的 具体部位。具体部位。 单三单三 现分现分过去式过去式 过去分词过去分词 hurts hurting hurt hurt 我走路时脚疼。我走路时脚疼。My feet hurt when I walk . 10 passenger (n.) 乘客,旅客乘客,旅客 (pl.) passengers 一些乘客帮着公车司机一些乘客帮着公车司机把把那个老人那个老人抬到了抬到了公车公车上上。 hurt sb ( 感情上感情上) 伤害某人伤害某人 2) (adj.) 受伤的受伤的 be badly hurt 严重受伤严重受伤 Some passengers helped the bus driver ( to ) move the old man onto the bus . 乘客们认为他做的对吗?乘客们认为他做的对吗?Did the passengers think he did the right thing?11 off (adv.& prep) 离开离开(某处某处),不工作不工作,从从去掉去掉 get off go off break off take off put off cut off turn off 下车下车 (反义词反义词)爆炸,突然大作,爆炸,突然大作, 停止运转停止运转 突然停止(突然停止( 中断)中断) 1) 起飞;起飞;2) 脱下脱下 (反义词反义词)推迟推迟切除;切断;砍断切除;切断;砍断关掉关掉 (反义词反义词) get on +较大交通工具较大交通工具 put on turn on 12 to ones surprise in surprise 使使惊讶的,出乎惊讶的,出乎意料意料 吃惊地吃惊地 surprisingly give sb. a surprise be surprised at be surprised to do be surprised that 给某人一个惊喜给某人一个惊喜 对对感到意外感到意外对做对做感到吃惊感到吃惊 对对很吃惊很吃惊 让他吃惊的是,他们都同意和他一起去。让他吃惊的是,他们都同意和他一起去。To his surprise , they all agreed to go with him.13 trouble : 1) ( n. ) to ones joy to ones disappointment to ones satisfaction stsfkn令某人高兴的是令某人高兴的是令某人失望的是令某人失望的是令某人满意的是令某人满意的是 问题,问题, 苦恼苦恼 (不可数)(不可数) be in trouble get into trouble get sb into trouble 处于困境中处于困境中 陷于困境,造成麻烦陷于困境,造成麻烦 使某人陷入困境使某人陷入困境 The less trouble , the better . 你同意人们常常因为不想惹麻烦而不帮助人的你同意人们常常因为不想惹麻烦而不帮助人的观点吗?观点吗?Do you agree that people often do not help others because they dont want to get into trouble ? 2) (v.) 使苦恼;使苦恼; 打扰打扰 对不起打扰你了。对不起打扰你了。I am sorry to trouble you . 多一事不如少一事。多一事不如少一事。 trouble have problems difficulty做某事有困难做某事有困难 在某方面有困难在某方面有困难 我在记语法方面有困难。我在记语法方面有困难。 I have trouble remembering grammar . (in) doing 或或 with sth. (如:如: head/ nose / back / chest , etc ) 他用书打我的头。他用书打我的头。He hit me on the head with a book . 那个球击中了窗户。那个球击中了窗户。 The ball hit the window . hit sb + on the +(硬硬)部位部位 ( 如:如: eye/ mouth / face / stomach, etc ) hit sb + in the +(软软)部位部位击打某人的某个部位击打某人的某个部位 单三单三 现分现分 过去式过去式/过去分词过去分词 hits hitting hit 14 hit : 1) (vt.) ( 用手或器具用手或器具) 击,击, 打打 在学校生活方面青少年总是有许多烦恼。在学校生活方面青少年总是有许多烦恼。Teenagers always have a lot of trouble in school life . The old man had a heart problem and needed to go to the hospital right away . 16 get into : 反反 get out of + 较小的交通工具较小的交通工具( 小汽车,小汽车, 出租车,电梯,直升机出租车,电梯,直升机) 他上了一辆出租车离开了。他上了一辆出租车离开了。这个老头这个老头有心脏病有心脏病需要立即去医院。需要立即去医院。 at once = immediately 15 right away : 立即,立即, 马上马上 = right now = She became a hit at that time . 她那时成了轰动一时的人物。她那时成了轰动一时的人物。 3) ( n.) 打,打, 打击,成功,打击,成功, 红极一时或轰动红极一时或轰动 一时的人物。一时的人物。她朝他打去。她朝他打去。She hits at him. 2) vi. 击打,击打, 撞击撞击 第一人称第一人称 单数单数 复数复数 第二人称第二人称 单数单数 复数复数 第三人称第三人称 单数单数 复数复数 themselves (他们自己)他们自己) himself / herself / itself (他自己)他自己) yourselves (你们自己)(你们自己) yourself (你自己)(你自己) ourselves (我们自己)(我们自己) myself (我自己)(我自己)17 herself : 主宾是同一个人主宾是同一个人时使用反身代词时使用反身代词 反身代词的构成:反身代词的构成:1) 一、二人称在形物代后面一、二人称在形物代后面 单数单数+ self /复数复数+selves 2) 第三人称在宾格后面第三人称在宾格后面 单数单数+ self /复数复数+selves He got out of the lift and went into the hall . 他出了电梯走进大厅。他出了电梯走进大厅。 He got into a taxi and left . 玩得开心玩得开心 自学自学请随便吃请随便吃(喝喝) 伤着自己伤着自己单独,独自单独,独自自己洗漱自己洗漱自己穿衣自己穿衣照顾自己照顾自己把某人单独留下把某人单独留下使自己自由使自己自由 enjoy oneself teach oneself sth = learn sth by oneself Help yourself/ yourselves to sth hurt oneself by oneself wash oneself dress oneself look after oneself leave sb by oneself free oneself 昨晚我们玩的很开心。昨晚我们玩的很开心。 We enjoyed ourselves last night .用法:用法:当主宾是同一个人时使用当主宾是同一个人时使用 , 且要与主语的人称一致且要与主语的人称一致。所有这些所有这些词组请词组请记熟记熟 Ex.1. Lucy, can you do it by _?2. My mother said she could look after _.3. We must finish it by _.4. They came to see the house _yesterday.5. Li Lei can dress _ and wash _ .6. My parents enjoy_ every day.7. Did he hurt _?8. You can pick the apple by _, John.9. Miss Liu taught _Japanese .10. The twins correct the mistakes by _.11. Who teaches _ English ? He teaches _. A. himself ,himself B. him, himself C. his , himself yourself herself ourselves themselves himself himself themselves himself yourself herself themselves B18 bandage: 1) (n.) 绷带绷带 用绷带包扎它。用绷带包扎它。 Put a bandage on it . 2) (v.) 用绷带包扎用绷带包扎 单三单三 现分现分 过去式过去式/过去分词过去分词 bandages bandaging bandaged 然后他用左臂给自己打上绷带,这样不至于然后他用左臂给自己打上绷带,这样不至于失血过多。失血过多。Then, with his left arm, he bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood . 19 press: 单三:单三: 现分:现分: 过去式过去式/过去分词:过去分词: presses pressing pressed / t / 压住你鼻子的两边。压住你鼻子的两边。 Press the sides of your nose . 20 sick : ill : 既可做表语,又可作定语。既可做表语,又可作定语。只能放系动词后做表语。只能放系动词后做表语。 be ill / sick 21 knee: ( pl.) 露西的妈妈生病住院了。放学后她要去看望生病露西的妈妈生病住院了。放学后她要去看望生病的妈妈。的妈妈。Lucys mother is ill ( sick) in hospital. Shell go to see her sick mother after school . knees / kni:z / 有人摔破了膝盖有人摔破了膝盖 。Someone cut his knee . 22 nosebleed : (n.) 鼻出血鼻出血 当有人鼻出血时我们应该怎样做?当有人鼻出血时我们应该怎样做? What should we do when someone has a nosebleed ? 23 breathe (vi. & vt. ) 单三单三 现分现分过去式过去式/过去分词过去分词 ( n.) breathes breathing breathed breath bre当我们运动时可能会呼吸困难。当我们运动时可能会呼吸困难。 bri: We may have problems ( in ) breathing when we do sports . 你在学习英语语法方面有困难吗?你在学习英语语法方面有困难吗? Do you have problems learning English grammar ? 人们睡觉时呼吸更慢一些。人们睡觉时呼吸更慢一些。People breathe more slowly when they are asleep .呼吸新鲜空气对我们的健康有好处。呼吸新鲜空气对我们的健康有好处。Its good for our health to breathe fresh air . 24 sunburned : ( adj.) 当我们做运动时不要被晒伤。当我们做运动时不要被晒伤。 Dont get sunburned when we do sports . 25 climber : ( n.) v + er / or - ( n.) build speak clean own write drive visit act translate invent sail collect builder speaker cleaner owner visitor actor translator inventor sailor collector 作为一个登山者阿伦作为一个登山者阿伦习惯于习惯于冒险。冒险。 As a mountain climber , Aron is used to taking risks . 26 be used to be used for + doing sth / sth + do sth + doing sth 习惯于做某事习惯于做某事 被用来做某事被用来做某事 被用来做某事被用来做某事 win - swim - winner swimmer writer driver be used as be used by used to do sth use sth to do sth 被当做被当做.使用使用 被某人使用被某人使用过去常常做某事过去常常做某事 用用做某事做某事 他习惯于早睡早起。他习惯于早睡早起。He is used to going to bed early and getting up early .所以他用他的刀子割掉了他的半个右胳膊。所以他用他的刀子割掉了他的半个右胳膊。So he used his knife to cut off half his right arm . = So his knife was used to cut off half his right arm. = So his knife was used for cutting off half his right arm . 衣服被用来保暖。衣服被用来保暖。Clothes are used for keeping warm . = Clothes are used to keep warm . 工人们被当作机器使用。工人们被当作机器使用。The workers are used as the machine . 电脑被每个人使用。电脑被每个人使用。 Computers are used by everyone . 我爸爸过去常常步行上班。我爸爸过去常常步行上班。My father used to go to work on foot . walk to work . 27 risk : ( n.) ( vt . ) 可数可数 冒险冒险 :冒着做冒着做的危险的危险 冒险冒险 冒着生命危险冒着生命危险 take a risk ( risks ) take the risk of doing risk ones life 年轻人喜欢冒险。年轻人喜欢冒险。The young like to take risks . 吃垃圾食品会吃垃圾食品会增加增加生病生病的危险的危险。 Eating junk food can increase the risk of the illness . 抽烟会增加患心脏病的危险。抽烟会增加患心脏病的危险。Smoking can increase the risk of developing heart disease dzi:z. 你你没有权利没有权利拿别人的生命去冒险。拿别人的生命去冒险。You have no right to take risks with other peoples lives . 28 accident : ( n. ) (交通交通) 事故、意外遭遇事故、意外遭遇 有很多次阿伦都因为事故而几乎失去生命。有很多次阿伦都因为事故而几乎失去生命。There were many times when Aron almost lost his life because of accidents . 29 situation : ( n. ) 可数可数 在一种在一种 的情境下的情境下 in a situation 在在2003年年4月月26日,在尤他州登山时,他发现日,在尤他州登山时,他发现自己处在了非常危险的境地。自己处在了非常危险的境地。On April 26, 2003 he found himself in a very dangerous situation when climbing in Utah .这意思是这意思是“处于一种你似乎无法解脱的困境中处于一种你似乎无法解脱的困境中” 。 This means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of . 30 kilo (n.) = kilogram ( 可数可数) kilos 两公斤的草莓两公斤的草莓( 肉肉) two kilos of strawberries ( meat ) 在那天,当阿伦独自登山时,一块在那天,当阿伦独自登山时,一块360公斤的岩石公斤的岩石朝他落下来,他的胳膊被压在了岩石的下面。朝他落下来,他的胳膊被压在了岩石的下面。On that day , Arons arm was caught under a 360-kilo rock that fell on him when he was climbing by himself in the mountains . 31 rock: ( n. ) 岩石岩石 摇滚音乐摇滚音乐 knives 我们用刀子切割东西。我们用刀子切割东西。We cut up something with knives . 34 cut off cut up cut down cut into pieces cut oneself 32 run out of : 用光用光, 耗尽耗尽 三天后阿伦三天后阿伦用光了用光了水。水。 Aron ran out of water after three days . 33 knife : ( n.) 可数可数 ( pl .) rock music 切除切除 切碎切碎 砍倒砍倒 切成碎块切成碎块 切到自己切到自己 cut ( n. ) 伤口伤口 请在你的伤口上敷些药请在你的伤口上敷些药 。 Please put some medicine on your cut . 35 blood : ( n.) 血血 ( 不可数不可数) ( adj.) a drop of blood bloody 一滴血一滴血 有血的,出血的有血的,出血的 血浓于水血浓于水. Blood is thicker than water . 36 mean ( vt.) 单三单三 现分现分 过去式过去式/ 过去分词过去分词 名词名词 / doing / 宾从宾从 词典告诉我们词语的含义。词典告诉我们词语的含义。 A dictionary tells us what words mean . 你的意思是你明天不能来了?你的意思是你明天不能来了? You mean that you cant come tomorrow ? “ 是什么意思?是什么意思?” What do you mean by ? = 1) 意思是意思是+ means meaning meant / ment /2) “打算,打算, 意欲意欲 ” 打算做某事打算做某事 mean to do sth. 他打算和你谈谈这件事。他打算和你谈谈这件事。He means to talk with you about it . What do / does mean ? =Whats the meaning of ?37 importance :( n. ) 不可数不可数 “重要性,重要性, 重要重要” 做某事的重要性做某事的重要性 the importance of doing sth 他开始意识到努力学习的重要性。他开始意识到努力学习的重要性。He began to realize the importance of studying hard .( adj.) important 健康对每一个人都很重要。健康对每一个人都很重要。Health is very important to everyone . 3) 意味着做意味着做 mean doing sth. 那样做意味着浪那样做意味着浪费时间。费时间。Doing like that means wasting time . decide to do sth . 38 decision : ( n. ) 决定,决定, 抉择抉择 ( 可数可数) 下决心下决心( 做某事做某事) make a decision to do sth. = 下定决心做某事下定决心做某事 make up ones mind to do sth. 39 control : ( n.& v.) 限制,约束,限制,约束, 管理管理 be in control of : under control : out of control : 掌管,掌管, 管理管理 在控制下在控制下失去控制失去控制 你应该掌管自己的生活和未来。你应该掌管自己的生活和未来。 You should be in control of your own life and future . 一切一切在控制下在控制下 / ( 都失控了都失控了) 。Everything is under control ( out of control) . 在我们不得不做出可能意味着生死的决定之前在我们不得不做出可能意味着生死的决定之前 before we have to make a decision that could mean life or death . 40 spirit : 我们有我们有和和艾伦艾伦一样一样的勇气吗?的勇气吗? Do we have the same spirit as Aron ? 41 death : ( n .) (v.) ( adj.) dead ( 死的死的) dying ( 垂死的垂死的,要死的要死的) die 1) 做主语或宾语做主语或宾语 2) 短暂动词,不可与一段时间连用短暂动词,不可与一段时间连用 3) 表状态表状态be dead 可与段时间连用可与段时间连用 4) 在句中常作定语在句中常作定语 他父亲的死很突然。他父亲的死很突然。 The death of his father ( His fathers death ) was sudden . 她爷爷两年前死了。她爷爷两年前死了。 Her grandfather died two years ago . = has been dead for two years .这是一只快死的鸟这是一只快死的鸟. This is a dying bird . 42 give up : give in give out : give away : 放弃放弃+ 屈服屈服发出(光、热、声音、气味)等发出(光、热、声音、气味)等散发、分发散发、分发赠送、捐赠赠送、捐赠 = hand out doing sth . 太阳给大地以光和热。太阳给大地以光和热。The sun gives out light and heat to the earth .我决不放弃再次尝试。我决不放弃再次尝试。I will never give up trying again . 如果你想帮助穷人,你可以如果你想帮助穷人,你可以捐些钱给捐些钱给慈善机构。慈善机构。If you want to help the poor , you can give away some money to the charity . 在困难面前我们绝不屈服。在困难面前我们绝不屈服。We will never give in before difficulties .
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