动词ing形式作表语,定语和宾语补足语

概念引入The music they are play ing sou nds so excit ing .We watched three boys shari ng their food with eachOur job is play ing all kinds of music .The girl singing now is a classmate of mine用法讲解非谓语动词中的ing形式包括两种：色 一种是动名词，另外一种是现在分词。?基本形式：imu霉巒h * liu； Ih i-h iliniit*现在处kJr不及期动诃炉-wiirui钟it曙hvm 吃；1、-ing形式作表语1) -ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后，用来泛指某种动作或行为，以说明主语的具体内容(身份、 性质或情况)。如：Her hobby ispainting .她的业余爱好是画画。My job islook ing after the childre n我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。2) - ing用来表示主语所具有的特征，如：His con cer n for his mother is mosttouch ing他对母亲的关爱很感人。His words are en courag ing.他的话很鼓舞人。2、-ing形式作定语1) .说明被修饰名词的作用和用途，如：buildi ngmaterials建筑材料=materials for buildi ngdr inking water=water for drinking饮用水a reading room=a room for read ing阅览室2) .说明被修饰名词的性质和程度，如：tiri ng music=music that is tiri ng烦人的音乐a surpris ing result=a result that is surpris ing一个惊人的结果3) .表示被修饰名词正在进行的动作，如：正在做实验的那个学生是我们的班长。The stude ntmak ing the experime nt is our mon itor.我们能看到冉冉升起的太阳。We can see the rising sun.Atte ntio n1) 单个-ing形式作定语时，放在所修饰的名词之前，-ing形式短语作定语时，放在所修饰的名 词之后，并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。如：They lived in a room facing the street .=They lived in a room that faces the street.他们住在一间面朝街的房子。The man standing thereis Peter s father.=The man who is standing there is Peter s father.站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。2) V-i ng,过去分词，不定式做定语时的区别：The stude ntmak ing the experime nt is our mon itor.They lived in a room facing the street .正在举行的会议非常重要。The meeti ng being held now is very importa nt.昨天举行的会议非常重要。The meeti ng held yesterday is very importa nt.明天要举行的会议非常重要。The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.3) -i ng形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开如：His brother,work ing as a teacher , lives in Beiji ng.=His brother,who is work ing as a teacher , lives in Beiji ng.他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。The apple tree,sway ing gen tly in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit.=The apple tree, which was sway ing gen tly in the breeze , had a good crop of fruit. 那棵苹果树硕果累累，在微风中轻轻摇曳。3、-ing形式作宾语补足语1）动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个 正在进行的动作或一种状态。如：当我们回到学校时，发现一个陌生人站在大门口。When we returned to the school, we found a strangerstanding at the entranee.我发现地板上放着一个包。I found a bag lying on the grou nd.那老板让工人整夜地工作。The boss kept the workers work ing the whole ni ght.2）当主句转换为被动结构时如：,原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。They found the result verysatisfy ing=The result was found verysatisfy ingThey heard him singing in the n ext room.=He was heard singing in the n ext room.3) .能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词：a. 感官动词，常见的有 see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe,等。如：We saw a lightburning in the window.I felt somebodypatt ingme on the shoulder.Can you smell anythingburning ?As he spoke, he observed everybodylook ing at him curiously.Listen to the birds singing .I didn t notice himwaiting .b. 使役动词，常见的有 have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。如：I won t have you doing that.This set me thinking .I m sorry to have kept you waitingI can tthe clockYou won t catch me doing that again.4）see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别： 前者表示动作正在进行，而后者表示（或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程。如：We passed by the classmates and saw the teacher making the experime nt. 我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。（只在走过教室的刹那间，看见老师正在做实验）We sat an hour and watched the teachermakethe experime nt.我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。（一个小时之内一直在看老师作实验） 如果宾语补足语是短暂性动词，动词不定式短语表示一次动作，而-ing形式则表示反复动作。如：We heard the door slam.（一次动作）We heard the door slamming.（反复动作）巩固练习完成句子1. It s wrong of you to（ 让机器开着）。（run ）2. What he said（令人信服的），we can trust him.（convinee）3. The news（ 令人感到惊讶的），we were all astonished at it. （astonish）4. The buildi ng（ 正在建）is our new library. （build）5. He was caught（ 偷车）and sent to the police station. （steal）6. I saw him（正在玩游戏）when I passed. （play）7. Some old man have to walk with the help ofsticks（拐杖）.（walk）8. I found Mary（正向一个男孩儿低语）just now. （whisper）9. There were someboys（在窗户附近大声喊叫），so I couldn t fall asleep. （shout）10. A student will be immediately dismissed if he（被发现吸烟）in school.单项选择1. Yesterday our head teacher made such an peech that we all felt.A.exciting；excitingB.excited；excitedC.exciting；excitedD.excited；exciting2. Whenl caught himme I stopped buying things there and started dealing with anothershop.A. cheated B . cheatingC. to cheat D. to have cheated3. The childre n the violin over there will go on the stage n ext week.A. play ingB. playC. playedD. to play4. The boy over there is my you nger brother.A. cried B. being criedC. cryingD. to cry5. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother s voicehim.A. call ingB. calledC. being calledD. to call6. He is a student at Oxford University,for a degree in computer scienee.A. studiedB. study ingC. to have studiedD. to be study ing7. Miss John s habit iswithout through understanding.A. read B. being readC. to be readD. read ing8. The towerthe Warri ng States is well worth visiti ng.A. dated fromB. dated back fromC. dat ing fromD. to date from9. With no rain for three mon ths and food suppliesout, the situati on here isgett ing from bad to worse.A. run B. runningC. to runD. to be run10. -Who would you like to see at the mome nt?The manMr. Gree n.A. called himselfB. we call himC. calli ng himselfD. is called11. The flowerssweet in the bota nic garde n attracted the visitors to eh beautyof n ature.A. to smellB. smelli ngC. smelt D. to be smelt12. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with theA. 20 dollars rema inedB. 20 dollars to rema inC. rema ined 20 dollarsD. remai ning 20 dollars13. The manthere is our headmaster. Would you like to go over and say hello tohim?A. sta ndB. to sta ndC. is sta ndingD. sta nding14. The noise of deskscould be heard out in the street.We knew there must be a school n earby.A. ope ning and clos ingB. ope ned and closedC. to be ope ned and closedD. being ope ned and closed15. His job waspeople with all kinds of tricks he can think of.A. en terta inB. en terta iningC. en terta inedD. to en tertai ning答案与解析o完成句子1. leav ing the machi ne running2.is convincing3.is ast onishing4.be ing built5. steali ng a car6.playi ng games7.walk ing8.wisperi ng to a boy9. shouti ng n ear the window10.is found smok ing单项选择1. 答案：C解析：考查形容词。第一空作定语修饰物，用动词 ing形式；第二空作表语，修饰 人，用v-ed形式，选C。2. 答案：B解析：依据前半句意思”当我发现他欺骗我时”可以判断岀，句中的 him与动作”欺骗”为主谓关系，因此用现在分词作宾语补足语，故答案为Bo3. 答案：A解析：根据句子结构，我们可以看岀这是一个简单句。主语是 The children ，谓语部分是will go on the stage ，动词play显然在句中不作谓语，应用非谓语动词形式。依据play与它的逻辑主语children之间的主动关系以及拉小提琴动作正在进行，可以判断用现在分词作定语修饰children，意为正在那边拉小提琴的小孩，因而正确答案为playing。4. 答案：C解析：依据cry与它的逻辑主语The boy之间的主动关系和cry的动作正在进行，所以用现在分词作定语修饰boy，因而正确答案为crying。5. 答案：A解析：句意：敲完门后，那个孩子听见他妈妈喊他。 Voice与call之间是主动关系，故排除B和C两项。感官动词hear加宾补成为hear sb. do 或hear sb. doing,故排除D项。因此选A6.答案：B解析：“ studying for a degree in computer scienee”为现在分词短语在句中作后置定语。7.答案：D解析：在这里考查动名词作疋语8.答案：C解析：句中已有谓语动词，故空格处应用分词作定语。date from 意为 始自（某时期）”，不能用被动形式，故用现在分词作定语。9. 答案：B解析：本题考查非谓语动词作宾补run out是不及物动词短语，应用现在分词作 宾补。句意：三个月没有下雨，食品也快用完了，这里的局势越来越严峻了。10. 答案：C解析：the man与call是主动关系，用现在分词作定语指自称 Mr. Grant的 那个人”。11. 答案：B解析：smell为系动词，意为闻起来，没有被动语态,smelling为现在分词作后置定语12. 答案：D解析：此处的remaining 相当于形容词，意思是“剩下的”，由于 remain是不及 物动词，所以用现在分词作前置定语。13. 答案：D解析：本题考查动词ing形式作定语的用法。A、C两项因为不是非谓语动词形式 而被排除。B项不定式表示未进行的动作，显然不符合题意。14. 答案：D解析：因为“声音可以被听到”，因此开关课桌的声音应该是正在发岀。又因为desk与open/close 之间存在动宾关系，因此close/open应使用被动式。综上所述，应使用being done 的形式作定语。15. 答案：B解析：考查动词ing形式作表语，A, C, D三项中的形式不符合语法。