人教版高中英语选修6 重点词汇和句型汇总（全套含答案）

Book6 unit1 Art 一、重点词汇总结 1. realistic: adj.现实主义的; 逼真的；现实的；关联词语：abstract: adj.抽象的；深奥的；n.摘要；in the abstract抽象地；理论上；概括地；abstract art抽象派；抽象主义；abstract thinking抽象思维；抽象思考能力；abstract painting抽象画；抽象绘画 Dont speak in such abstract terms. 不要这样抽象地谈问题。 2. sculpture: n. 雕塑 ice sculpture冰雕 sculptor: n.雕刻家；雕塑家 And so, he gave this painting to the National Gallery. 因此他把这幅画捐给了英国国家美术馆。 3. faith: n. 信任；信心；信念 in good faith真诚地；善意地；诚心诚意地 faith in对…的信任；对…有信仰；对…有信心 have faith要有信心 have faith in相信，对……信任 faithfully adv.忠实地 She began to lose faith in herself. 她开始对自己丧失信心。 4. consequently: adv. 所 以；因而 5. aim: n.目标；目的；vi. & vt. 瞄准；（向某方向）努力；aim of旨在；瞄准；致力于… aim at v. 针对；瞄准；目的在于 aim for瞄准；以…为目标；take aim 瞄准 He directed his aim to us. 他把他的目标对准我们。 6. conventional: adj.常规的；传统的；因循守旧的；conventional method常规方法；习用方法；conventional type常规型式；conventional industries传统产业；conventional weapon常规武器；conventional forces常规部队 The first of these is conventional. 这些功能中第一个是常规的。 7. typical: adj. 典型的；有代表性的；typical of是……的典型特征；typical form典型式，代表式；typical project样板工程；typical method典型的方法；typical curve标准曲线，典型曲线 The question is small but typical. 问题虽小，但很典型。 8.evident: adj. 明显的；明白的；self evident不言而喻的；不证自明的 9. adopt :vt.采用；采纳；收养；adopt various methods采取不同办法 10. possess: vt.拥有；具有；支配；possess oneself自制，镇静；possess of拥有；占有possession：n（尤作复数）所有，财产；in possession of something拥有(或占有)某物；take possession of占有，占领；take possession of ……的所有者 Some animals possess the characteristic of man. 有些动物具有人类的特征。 11. superb :adj.卓越的；杰出的；极好的 People gasped with admiration at the superb skill of the gymnasts. 体操运动员的高超技艺令人赞叹。 12. technique: n.技术；方法；技能 The prolonged war rusted his technique. 长期的战争使他的技术荒废了。 13. coincidence:n.巧合（的事）；（事情、口味、 故事等）相合；by coincidence碰巧 Some say this is no coincidence. 有的人说这并不是巧合。 14.controversial:adj.争论的；争议的 15. They tried their best to run away from controversial issues. 他们尽力避开有争议的问题。 16. attempt: n. 努力；尝试；企图 vt. 尝试；企图 attempt at企图，努力；尝试；attempt to do something努力……； He gave up the attempt in despair. 他在绝望中放弃了这种尝试。 17. on the other hand (可是)另一方面 18. predict:vt. 预言；预告；预测 No one had enough foresight to predict the winner. 谁也没有足够的先见能预测哪一个获胜. 19. delicate :adj.脆弱的；容易生病的；精致的 Any of these delicate processes could have stalled. 这些微妙的过程都可能出现故障。 二、重点句型总结 1. …It would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. 在如此短的一篇课文里是不可能进行全面的描述的。 it 是形式主语，不定式to describe all of them in such a short text是句子的真正主语。也可用v.-ing形式或that从句来充当句子的主语。 It’s important to live in harmony with each other. It’s no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 2. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way. 此处是it is/was +adj.+that从句的结构。其中，it为形式主语，that引导的从句是句子真正的主语。When painters…realistic way 为一个定语从句，修饰前面的时间。 3. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris. 本句是倒装结构。句子主语是Impressionists，因为句子是以Among the painters（方位介词短语）开头，所以使用了完全倒装句型。 当here, there, now, then, thus, in, out, off, away, up, down, through等副词置于句首时，且其主语为名词时，通常要使用完全倒装结构。 There goes the bell. 门铃响了。 Away went the boy to the school!这个男孩去学校了！ Off goes the woman! 这位女士出去了！ 4. At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial but today they are accepted as the beginning of what we call “modern art”. (1) 从句what we call” modern art”作介词of 的宾语。What可以指人，相当于the person that/who, 也可以指物，相当于the thing that/which (2) Accept…as… 接受……作为…… 三、重点语法总结 虚拟语气在“if”条件句中的使用： 含义 if从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 与现在事实相反 v.-ed/ were would/should/could/might+ v.(原形) 与过去事实相反 had done would/should/could/might+ have + v.-ed 与将来事实相反 1. v.-ed/were 2. should+v.(原形) 3. were to do would/should/could/might+ v.(原形) （一）与现在事实相反 If there were no subjunctive mood, English would be much easier. 如果没有虚拟语气，英语会更加简单。 If I had time, I would go there. 总结：表示与现在事实相反，if 从句：一般过去时，主句：should/would/could/might+v.(原) （二）与过去事实相反 1. If you had come earlier, you could have caught that bus. 2. If he had seen you yesterday, he would have returned your book. 总结：表示与过去事实相反，if从句：过去完成时（had+v.ed), 主句：would/should/could/might+have+v.ed （三）与将来事实相反 1. If he were to come tomorrow, he should help me with my physics. 2. He he should see me tomorrow, he would know me. 3. If I became a scientist in the future, I would try to find a cure for cancer. 总结：表示与将来事实相反，if从句：一般过去时/ should +v.(原)/were to+v.(原)，主句：would/should/could/might +v.(原) 四、练习巩固 I. 根据首字母或汉语提示，填入正确的单词。 1. The word “advice” is an a_________ noun. 2. Art is influenced by the customs and f______ of people. 3. Although the sun came through the window, most of the rooms stayed in s______. 4. How r___________ it is that a country with so much rain should be short of water. 5. When you go to New York, you can see many art g__________. 6. Study hard, and you will achieve your a____ in time. 7. The prisoners a_________ to escape, but failed. 8. The p___________ of large amount of money does not always bring happiness. 9. Peter got up too late, ______________(因此) he was late for school this morning. 10. It is a _______________(争议的) issue and we had better leave it aside for the moment. REFERENCE: 1.abstract 2.faith 3.shadow 4.ridiculous 5. galleries 6. aim 7.attempted 8.possession 9.consequently 10.controversial II. 用所给单词的适当形式完成句子。 1) If you had been here yesterday, you _______________________(see) her. 2) If I _______________ (not come) to work in Xinjiang, I _________________(not meet) you, and I __________________(not know) you. But I did. 3) If I were you, I ________________ (not buy) abstract painting. 4) If I ________(be) in your position, I _____________(accept) their offer. 5) If he ____________________(come) tomorrow, we ____________ (be) greatly surprised. 6) If the sun _______________ (rise) in the west, I _______________ (follow) you. 7) If we ____________________(not have) a great deal of time, we _____________ (not be) able to complete the project as you wish. REFERENCES:1.would have seen 2.had not come to work, would not have met 3.would not buy 4.were, would accept 5.should come/ were to come/ came, would be 6.rose, would follow 7.had not had, would not have been BOOK6 Unit2 Poems 1、 重点词汇总结 1. convey: 运送，传达，表达 convey sth. to sb. 向某人传达某事 关联词语: carry-搬运 transport-运输 express-表达 transmit-传送 The old farmer conveyed his farm to his son.老农夫将农场转让给了儿子。 2. flexible, adj, 灵活的，可弯曲的 flexibly: adv. 灵活地 flexibility: n. 灵活性，韧性 We need a foreign policy that is more flexible. 我们需要一个更为灵活的外交政策。 3. take it easy: 放轻松，放心好了（相当于take things easy） 联想记忆：take one’s time(Don’t hurry, there is enough time.)别着急，慢慢来; take sth. seriously: 重视某事，认真对待某事；take sth. for granted: 认为……理所当然 Take it easy, you will be all right in a couple of days. 4. eventually: adv. 最终，终于，相当于finally, at last或in the end. 区别：eventually：强调作为结果而最终发生；at last:通常表示在等待很长时间以后终于发生，带有较浓厚的感情色彩，如，不耐烦，放心，如愿等。 in the end: 用于预测将来。 I will spare time to mend it eventually. 5. make sense:有意义，讲得通，明智的，合理的；in no sense:绝不，一点也不 No matter how I tried to read it, the sentence didn’t make sense. 6. run out of: 用完，花光 （以人作主语）；run out=become used up(不及物动词) 用完了，通常以时间，食物，金钱等。 We are running out of our money. 我们快要花光钱了。 run short of:短缺，缺乏；give out:(不及物动词)用尽，分发，宣布；use up: (及物动词)用完，耗尽 Can you spare me some paper? Mine has been run out. 7. be made up of=consist of 由……组成 The committee is made up of (consist of)12 members. make up:构成，组成，编造，化妆 make up for: 弥补 make out: 分辨，辨认出 8. in particular=particularly 特别，尤其 be particular about: 挑剔，对……苛刻 Her figure looks so elegant but her smile is in particular attractive. 9. worth a try: 值得一试 二、重点句型总结 1. There are various reasons why people write poetry. 人们写诗有各种各样的理由。 这是一个定语从句，从句why people write poetry修饰先行词reason，连词why 在从句中作原因状语。可用for which替换。 You must tell me the reason why you won’t accept his gift. This is the reason (that) he gave me.(that在从句中作宾语，可用which替换） 拓展：This is why …这就是……的原因（强调结果） This is because …这是因为……（强调原因） The reason why …is that… ……的原因是……（此句型中哟搬用that引导表语从句，而不用because） The reason why he was late was that he missed the first bus. 2. It is not a traditional form of English poetry, but is very popular with English writers. 它不属于英诗的传统形式，但是在英国作家中非常流行。 not…but… 不是……而是……，引导两个并列的成分。连接两个主语时，适用就近原则，谓语的人称和数要与but后的主语保持一致。 3. Where she awaits her husband on and on the river flows. 她在河边等待夫君的归来。 （1） 当先行词是表示地点的名词（如：the room, the case, the situation, the scene等），且引导词在从句中作状语时，引导词用where或介词+which. （2） Where引导状语从句时，其前面没有表示地点的先行词，且where引导的状语从句可放在主句前。 （3） 先行词虽为表地点的名词，但引导词在从句中作宾语，这时要用that或which，而不能用where。 三、重点语法总结 Grammar----Subjunctive mood (II) 虚拟语气（2） （一）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用 1. 用在wish之后的宾语从句中 wish后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气，表示不能实现的愿望。 主句 用法 从句谓语动词的形式 主语+wish 表示现在不能实现的愿望 用一般过去时（be用were） 表示过去不能实现的愿望 had+过去分词 表示将来不能实现的愿望 would（could）+动词原形 I wish I knew what was going to happen.但愿我能知道发生什么事情。 He wishes he could become a scientist some day. 他希望将来的某一天能成为科学家。 How I wish I had seen her off at the station, but I was too busy. 我要是去车站送过她就好了，但我太忙了。 注：当从句主语为第一人称时，应说I wish I could…，一般不说I wish I would…。 2. 用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的宾语从句 表示命令、建议、要求等动词后面的从句中用“should+动词原形”构成虚拟语气，其中”should”可以省略，这些动词可速记为： 一坚持（insist）； 二命令（command, order） 三建议（advise, suggest,proposal） 四要求（request, require, demand, desire） I insisted that we (should) tell this to her. 我坚持要求我们该把这是告诉他。 The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。 注：当insist表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明，暗示”时，其后的从句不用虚拟语气。 He insisted that he was honest. 他坚持认为自己是诚实的。 3. 用在would rather后面的宾语从句中 would rather后面的宾语从句中常用虚拟语气，表示对现在或将来的愿望用一般过去时，表示对过去的愿望用过去完成时。 I’d rather you didn’t make any comment on the issue for the time being. 我倒希望你暂时先不要对此事发表意见。 Wouldn’t you rather your child went to bed early? 为什么你不愿让你的孩子早点上床睡觉呢？ I’d rather you hadn’t said it. （二）含蓄条件句的虚拟语气 有时在虚拟语气中假设的情况并不是以条件状语从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词、介词短语、连词、分词短语或其他方式表示。常用的表达有：without, but for, otherwise, or及but 等。 Without sunlight, people’s life would be different from today. But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert. （三）错综时间条件句中的虚拟语气 在错综条件句中，if从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，主句和从句的谓语动词要依照对应的时间而定。 If you had followed the teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t be in hospital now. If I were you, I would have taken his advice yesterday. 虚拟语气在主语从句、表语从句及同位语从句中的用法 1) 在it is demanded（表命令、建议、要求的一类词）/ necessary(important, natural, strange)/a pity（a shame）…that …等结构的主语从句中，谓语动词用（should+) do, 其中should可以省略。 It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight. 希望一切在今晚准备好。 It is a pity that Lucy (should) be so careless. 2) 在suggestion, proposal,order, plan, idea,advice等需要有内涵的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气，其谓语动词应用（should+）do,should可以省略。 My suggestion is that we (should) send a few people to help them. （四）虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法 1) 在as if/as though引导的状语从句： as if/as though 时间 谓语动词的虚拟形式 与过去相反 had+过去分词 与现在相反 一般过去时（be动词用were） 与将来相反 would/could/might+动词原形 I’ve loved you as if you were my son. It seems as if he had just returned from the Mars. 2） 在in order that…, so that…引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用may /might/ can/ could+动词原形。 The teacher spoke slowly in order that the students could/ might hear clearly. （五）虚拟语气在其他一些句型中的用法 1） it is (high) time that…从句中，谓语动词可以使用过去式，也可以使用should+动词原形，表示“早该……了”，其中should不能省略。 It’s time we got/ should get up. 2) if only…！ 要是……多好啊！ If only he could come tomorrow! 4、 巩固练习 I. 用所给短语的正确形式填空。 take it easy; run out of; make up; in particular; be popular with; make sense; be well worth a try; give… a strong impression; convey one’s feelings; transform…into 1. I found it hard to ___________________in words. 2. ________________, you are sure to pass the examination. 3. We need two more persons to _______________ a team. 4. His money is _____________________. 5. Liu Qian’s magic tricks are _______________ the young students. 6. It is a good chance which is ______________________. 7. Yesterday I saw a film, which _____ me __________________. 8. I noticed his eyes ________________, because they were such an unusual color. 9. What he said doesn’t ______ any sense. 10. A steam engine can _________ heat _______ power. II、用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 1） Without your help, we ____________________________(not succeed) in the experiment. 2） But for the rain, we _____________________________(finish) the work already. 3） If he ___________________(not work) hard last year, he _____________(not get) such a great success now. 4） If it had rained last night, the ground __________________(be) wet now. 5） I’m really busy, otherwise I ______________(go) there with you. 6）It is suggested that the English evening ___________________________(hold) on Saturday. 7）It is necessary that he __________________________（send）to Beijing right away. 8）He behaved as though nothing _________________(happen). 9）It is time that he ________________________(make a decision). 10）Their plan is that they ___________________(build) a new factory in their hometown. 11）If only I _______(have) a bigger house! Reference: 1.couldn’t have succeeded; 2.would have finished; 3.had not worked, wouldn’t get; 4.would be; 5.would go 6.should be held 7.should be sent 8.had happened 9.should make/made 10.would build 11.had BOOK6 Unit3 A healthy life 一、重点词汇总结 1.stress: 压力，重音(n & v); stressful: 有压力的，紧张的; under stress: 在压力下; under the stress of …… 在……压力下; lay/ put/ place stress on sth. 把重点放在……上; stress the importance of : 强调……的重要性; in the stress of the moment: 一时紧张 He began begging under great stress of life. 2.due to: 由于，归功于;be due to do sth.: 定于某时做某事；预期发生 be due to sb.:应支持/给予/归于某人；欠下 because of: 因为，由于，在句中一般作状语，后接名词或名词性短语。 due to/ owing to:意为“由于，因为”，在句中通常作状语。 thanks to: 意为“多亏了，幸亏，由于”等，它引导的短语可表达正面意义，也可表达讽刺意义。 The accident happened due to the heavy fog. Because of his illness, he couldn’t attend the meeting. They couldn’t cross the river owing to the flood. Thanks to your help, I could solve the problem. 3.addicted:入了迷的， 上了瘾的; addiction:n. 成瘾，吸毒成瘾; addictive：adj. 使人上瘾的; be addicted to sth.: 沉溺于某物; be addicted to doing sth.: 专心做某事 Many kids have now become addicted to surfing the Internet. 4.become/be/get accustomed to: 习惯于……，to是介词，后接名词，代词或动词-ing形式; accustomed oneself to sth:使某人习惯于…… You will soon get accustomed to the job. 5.do/cause damage to sth./sb.=damage伤害，损伤；do good to sb: 对某人又好处; do wrong to: 冤屈，冤枉; be good to=be kind to 对……好心； do well in:擅长； be bad/poor at=be weak in: 不擅长 Pollution is doing damage to our health. 6.decide on/upon: 决断，选定；decide against:决定不，决定反对; decide on a career: 选定职业 Don’t decide on important matters too quickly. 7.feel like sth/doing sth= would like sth/to do sth 想，愿意; would like to do sth:想要做某事; prefer to do sth: 喜欢做某事; would rather do…than do…宁愿做……而不愿……; prefer doing(sth) to (doing) sth:宁愿做……而不愿……；prefer to do sth rather than do sth: 宁愿做……而不愿…… What would you like to do with it? 你想如何处理它？ 8.ashamed:感到惭愧的，羞耻的（常作表语）；shameful:可耻的，不道德的（贬义词）；shameless: 无耻的; be ashamed of doing sth:为（做）某事而感到羞愧; I feel ashamed of having done so little for the people. 2、 重点句型总结 1. It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon. 本句是复合句，it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。此外，也可以是不定式短语、动名词短语或主语从句。It is +adj. +that从句，真正的主语是that从句，常见的it作主语的复合结构还有： （1） it is a fact (a shame/ a pity/ no wonder) that… （2） It is said (reported/ decided/ suggested…) that… （3） It seems (happened/ doesn’t matter/ has turned out…) that… It is hard to finish the work in two days. 2. When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit, I knew it was time to quit smoking. It was time to do sth. 表示“到……的时候了” It is (high) time for sb to do sth=It is (high/about) time that sb. did/should do sth. 到某人做某事的时候了 It is high time for us to say good-bye. =It is high time that we should say goodbye. 3. Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a non-smoker. 该句是一个主从复合句，从句为every time引起的一个时间状语从句，词句中every time起到了连词的作用。英语中起连词作用的名词词组还有：each time(每次)；next time(下一次)；the first/ last time(第一次/ 最后一次)；the moment/ instant/ minute(一……就……)等。 Each time I was in trouble, he could come to help me out. 3、 重点语法总结 Grammar: the use of “it”（I） （一）it用作人称代词和非人称代词 1. 作人称代词 人称代词it一词是有实际意义的，是单数第三人称代词。主格与宾格相同。 （1） 指代人以外的一切生物或事物，如前文提到的事物或未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事。 Qingdao is a beautiful city, isn’t it? It doesn’t matter. （2）替代前文中的this，that This is your plan? Will you hand it in? （3）指代婴儿，小孩或性别不明的人 The baby is crying. It might be hungry. ----Someone is ringing. Who might it be? ----It must be my friend Tom. He (不可用it) wants to see you. 2. 作非人称代词 it用作无人称的主语，不指物，而表示时间、天气、环境、气候、季节、距离、金钱等自然现象，或指事物的状态。 It was very noisy at that time.(指代环境) It is half past three now.(指代时间) It is six miles to the nearest hospital from here.(指代距离) It was very cold.(指代天气) It is 5 dollars.(指代金钱) 3. it, one, that, those和which的区别： 1) it 指上文提到过的同一样事物，one则泛指上文提到过的同一类事物中的一个； There are many dictionaries in that bookstore. So I bought one.(one泛指其中之一) 2) that 作代词替代前面提到的事物(多用于比较)，可数名词，不可数名词皆可，代替可数名词可用the one代替，that的复数形式为those,只可替代可数名词的复数，在句中相当于the ones. The head teacher in your class is younger and more active than that in theirs. The students who do best in the exam are not always those with the best brains. 3) it和which都可用来指代某一事件，关键要看两个句子之间是否有并列连词，如果有就用it，反之用which。 He was badly ill, and it made his mother worried. He was badly ill, which made his mother worried.(which指代前面整个主句，在定语从句中作主语) （二）it作形式主语 It is difficult to translate the article.(真正的主语是动词不定式短语，it为形式主语) It is no use going there so early.(真正的主语是现在分词短语，it为形式主语) It is obvious that he is a cheater.(真正的主语是that从句，it为形式主语) it可充当形式主语，本身无意义，后面真正的主语通常是不定式结构，-ing分词结构，或名词性从句。 （三）it用作形式宾语 I found it possible to do this regularly.(it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是to do this regularly) She thought it no use worrying about him.(it为形式宾语，worrying about him是真正的宾语) He made it clear that his family is poor.(it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是that从句) it作形式宾语常见的结构有： 主+谓语+it+adj/n+动词不定式/动词-ing形式/从句 （四）it用于强调句型中 It was him who/that you should ask.(被强调部分是人时，既可用who,也可用that) It was on the street that I found the bag.(被强调部分是地点，只能用that) it用于强调句型当中，强调句型的基本结构为：it is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他成分。 （五）it的其他固定搭配 1. It is brave of her to go home alone at night. It is/was+adj (of/for sb) to do sth; 2. It is no use talking to him about it. It is/was no use/good+doing; it is well worth doing sth; 3. It was no wonder that she was so angry. It is/was no wonder（a pity/a shame）that…; 4. It is natural that he (should) say so. It is/was+adj+从句； 5. It is reported that the road was closed. It is/was+过去分词+that从句（say,think,believe,hope,expect） 6. It (so) happens that the ticket were sold out. It (so) happened that…碰巧…… 7. It seems(seemed)/appears(appeared) that …似乎 8. It occured to sb that…，某人突然想起…… 9. It turned（s） out that …，结果是…… 四、巩固练习 I. 用所给词的正确形式填空。 1. The doctor warned not to drink ___________(alcohol) drinks. 2. Some ___________ (adolescent) have got into the habit of taking drugs. 3. A ____________ is going to be invited to give us a talk about the _______ industry.(chemistry) 4. What he has done ___________________ (disappointed) his mother a lot. 5. Though he was a new-man, he got ________________(accustom) to the way of life here very soon. 6. People can easily become ___________ (mental) addicted to drugs when they start taking them. 7. If he does anything ___________(shame), I will not go away with him. 8. He is not good at _____________(manage) his money. 9. It was a very ___________(stress) time for all of us. 10. It’s ________ (legal) to drive through a red light. II. 句型转换 1. 36 students are said to have passed the exam in our class. ____ ____ _____ ______36 students passed the exam in our class. 2. To give up smoking is not easy. ____ ______ not easy to give up smoking. 3. Deb