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专业第30课 总结孙老师特别提示：通过职称的三个要素1. 选择一个好的适合自己的方法2. 认真练习与总结3. 运气一、 押题-阅读与完型二、 出题人的人品 最后要做的三件事1. 牢记神表，熟练应用。2. 充分准备押题。3. 淡定的应试心态。很多人在做题时反复地犯着同样错误，并不是因为他们没有记住-神表！而是匆匆忙忙，慌慌张张, 心态已乱！每篇文章平均有20多分钟完成，何不气定神闲，从容面对！职称英语考的不是英语，是悟性与心态 在这个世界上，我们永远不要过分相信技巧。也就是说，没有人可以摆脱环境而生存。当我们都面对恶劣环境的时候，就要看我们内心所酝酿的心境如何。当一个人的心境可以抵消外在恐惧的时候，这个人才成为真正的勇者，这个人的技巧才有发挥的空间。如果你的心境已经被环境挫败的时候，你做任何事情都将一事无成。职称英语考试六大题型解题顺序1. 第2部分 阅读判断 (共7分) 时间 0分钟 分数 3 分2. 第4部分 阅读理解(共45分) 时间 65 分钟 分数 ？3. 第6部分 完型填空(共15分) 时间 10 分钟 分数 15 分4. 第1部分 词汇选项 (共15分) 时间 15分钟 分数10 分5. 第3部分 概括大意 (共8分) 时间 10分钟 分数 ？6. 第5部分 补全短文(共10分) 时间 10分钟 分数 ？ 第2部分：阅读判断(第1622题，每题1分，共7分) 3 - 4分军有所不击，城有所不攻，地有所不争，将在外君令有所不受。 Kicking the HabitWhat is a bad habit? the most definition is that it is something that we do regularly, almost without thinking about it, and which has some sort of negative consequence. this consequence could affect those around us, or it could affect us personally. those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. bad habit are part of what makes us human. Many early habits, like sucking out thumb, are broken when we are very young. we are either told to stop doing it by our parents, or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same habit, and we gradually grow out of it. it is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem. unless we can break that habit early on, it becomes a part of out life, and becomes “programmed” into our brain.A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change out habits, it is the old ways that tend to win, especially in situations where we are rushed, stressed or overworked. habits that we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back. during the study program, the researchers showed a group of volunteers several pictures, and gave them words to associate with them. they then showed the volunteers the same picture again, and gave them new words to associate with them,A few days later, the volunteers were given a test. the researchers showed them the pictures, and told them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one. it came as no surprise that their answers were split between the first set of words and second. two weeks later, they were given the same test again. this time, most of them only gave the first set of words. they appeared to have completely forgotten the second set.The study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time. we may try to change out ways, but after a while, the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we learned. the more that response is used, the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to respond in any other way.The study therefore suggests that over time, our bad habits also become automatic, learned behavior. this is not good news for people who pick up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break them. even when we try to put new, good intentions into practice, those previous learned habits remain stronger in more automatic, unconscious forms of memory.16. Boys usually develop bad habits when they are very young. A. Right B. wrong C. not mentioned17. We can only break bad habits if others tell us to do. A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned18. Bad habits may return when we are under pressure. A. Right B. wrong C. not mentioned19. Researchers were surprised by the answer that the volunteers gave in the first test. A. Right B. wrong C. not mentioned20. The volunteers found the test more difficult when they did it the second time. A. Right B. wrong C. not mentioned21. The study suggests that it is more difficult to respond what we learn first. A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned22. If we develop bad habits early in life , they are harder to get rid of. A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned 阅读解题四大原则： 此项特别重要4. 注意：(1) 绝对原则：有all, every, only等绝对词一般为不正确！(但不是绝对的！) (2) 相对原则：有may, might, can, could, likely, sometimes，some , probably一般为正确！第2部分：阅读判断(第1622题，每题1分，共7分) 2分 In Your Face16 Paul Ekman studies peoples faces in different cultures. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned17 Ekman did research in several countries and got different results. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned18 Americans get angry more often than the Fore people from New Guinea. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned19 Ekman thinks that some basic emotions are the same everywhere. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned20 Two people might feel different emotions about the same thing. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned21 Fear is the most difficult emotion to change. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned22 People of different cultures smile when they understand each other. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned第2部分：阅读判断(第1622题，每题1分，共7分) 4分 Promising Results from Cancer Study16 The vaccine cured all the participants in the trial. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned17 Over forty people participated in the study. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned18 Patients in the early stages of the disease recovered more quickly in the trial. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned19 All the patients were from Dallas. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned20 Every patient was injected with the same vaccine. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned21 The vaccine activates the immune system. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned22 The vaccine may be useful for treating other cancers. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned第4部分：阅读理解(第3145题，每题3分，共45分) 阅读理解解题程序当你拿到一篇文章时，应按下列顺序解题：先扫一眼文章中的中文注释。关键词附近有中文注解或答案中有中文注解应特别注意(很可能就是答案或在附近)。1、 抓中心2、 扫一下题干与ABCD。3、 分类解题。1中心思想题 2. 具体细节（查细节）3. 作者观点或文章结论4. 对错选择 , 提到未提到5. 解释词义孙老师特别提示： 第1篇很难, 2-3篇很简单,心态比技巧更重要。第1篇 Operation Migration迁徙 15分 本文是一篇说明文，最重要的信息在第一句。文章中心思想是Migration,即鸟类迁徙。 做所有题应围着中心思想转。1. 文章的中心思想 擒贼先擒王 做所有题围着中心转 提问中有-main-ly , First paragraph如何抓住文章中心(1) 文章的中心思想第一句(如是否定,应在第二句)，如第二句是 but，“：”， “.”， (破折号)，today，this day，now，so，yet，therefore，however，new, main.应在第二句。第一段中如有上述词也应特别注意。(2) 第二段第一句是 but，“：”，“”， (破折号)，today，this day，now，so，yet，therefore，however，new.应在第二段第一句。如问中心思想，ABCD哪个有中心词先读哪个，是答案的可能性非常大。注意：1 如有两个选项中出现中心词-需认真推敲。 2 如有中心词的选项是否定时-需认真推敲,注重肯定句。 3 中心题最好放在最后做。一旦某一题不会做，跳过去，所有题选完后，最后做，你会发现原来很容易，万不可一棵树吊死！ 如何抓住文章和句子的重心注意主从句 - 状语从句看主句 五. 如何抓住文章和句子的重心：1. 围着中心转-中心 ( 第一句), 第一句(如是否定应在第二句)。第二句出现but，“：”, “.”， (破折号)，today，this day，now，so，yet，therefore，however，new.应在第二句。第一段中有上述词也应特别注意。结论（最后一句）。2. 注意段落结构-段落中心(段落第一句),段落结论（段落最后一句）。 3. 第二段第一句是 but，“：”, “.”， (破折号)，today，this day，now，so，yet，therefore，however，new.中心应在第二段。4. 注意连词 - but，“：”, “.”， (破折号)，today，this day，now，so，yet，therefore，however，new , that.5. 注意主从句 - 宾语从句看从句 that状语从句看主句 定语从句看主句(先行词与从句看懂一个就行)6. 并列疑问句或在一段中并列地名、人名、国名、一般最后一个为重心。并列多个形容词修饰名词，最后一个为重心。（即最接近名词的） If you look up at the sky in the early fall in the northern part of North America, you may see groups of birds鸟类. These birds are flying south to places where they can find food and warmth for the winter. They are migrating(迁徙). The young birds usually learn to migrate from their parents. They follow their parents south. In one unusual case, however, the young birds are following something very different. These birds are young whooping cranes, and they are following an airplane! The whooping crane is the largest bird that is native to North America. These birds almost disappeared in the 1800s. By 1941, there were only about 20 cranes alive. In the 1970s, people were worried that these creatures were in danger of disappearing completely. As a result, the United States identified whooping cranes as an endangered species that they needed to protect. Some researchers tried to help. They began to breed whooping cranes in special parks to increase the number of birds. This plan was successful. There were a lot of new baby birds. As the birds became older, the researchers wanted to return them to nature. However, there was a problem: These young birds did not know how to migrate. They needed human help. In 2001, some people had a creative idea. They formed an organization called Operation Migration. This group decided to use very light airplanes, instead of birds, to lead the young whooping cranes on their first trip south. They painted each airplane to look like a whooping crane. Even the pilots wore special clothing to make them look like cranes. The cranes began to trust the airplanes, and the plan WorkedToday, planes still lead birds across approximately 1,200 miles (1,931 kilometers), from the United States-Canadian border to the Gulf of Mexico. They leave the birds at different sites. If a trip is successful, the birds can travel on their own in the future. Then, when these birds become parents Operation Migration works with several other organizations and government institutes. Together, they assist hundreds of cranes each year. However, some experts predict that soon, this wont be necessary. Thanks to Operation Migration and its partners, the crane population will continue to migrate. Hopefully, they wont need human help any more.31 Whooping cranes migrate in winter to_. 3分A. raise baby whooping cranes B find warmth and food C. get human help D. lay eggs 注解：细节题选择关键词非常重要，先扫一眼文章中的中文注释时，已经看到migrating(迁徙), 用migrate in winter在课文中定位。they can find food and warmth for the winter说明B find warmth and food是正确答案, 其实就是找长的像的。32 Whooping cranes are native to_. 3分A. Mexico B. South America C. the Persian Gulf D. North America 注解：细节题-您看不懂就是细节题用native在课文中定位。North America说明D. North America是正确答案,其实就是找长的像的。33 Operation migration aims to_. 3分A. teach adult cranes how to fly B. breed cranes in special parks C. lead young cranes on their first trip south D. transport cranes to the north 注解：细节题用Operation migration在课文中定位。C. North America,其实就是找长的像的。34 The distance covered by the young whooping cranes on their trip south is_. 3分A.120 miles B. 1200 miles C. 1931 miles D.2000 miles 注解：细节题 直接用数字定位，找长的像的。 阅读解题四大原则： 此项特别重要1. 围着中心转 先读有中心词的选项, 是答案的可能性很大。3. 出现多个数字，特别是阿拉伯数字时，需特别小心35 If operation migration is successful, whooping cranes will_. 3分A. follow airplanes south every year B. live in Canada all year round C. be unable to fly back D. learn to migrate on their own 注解：1. 围着中心转 先读有中心词的选项, 是答案的可能性很大。第2篇 lucky lord Lucan alive or dead 15分 阅读押题注意事项1. 有可能文章题目改变，而文章不变。2. 有可能押不中，一旦出现不要慌，按“神表”做题。3. 有可能五道题中部分提问及选择完全改变，一旦出现不要慌，按“神表”做题。4. 有可能提问完全改变,而选项不变，或只改一半。按“神表”做题。孙老师特别提示：押题变成了猜题，极不靠普，请大家做好无原题或押不中的准备！一、今年的押题会有一些麻烦原因有三：其一、2014综合教材，阅读A级新增一篇， B新增一篇，C级无变化。其二、2014理工教材, 阅读B仅新增一篇,AC无变化。其三、2014卫生教材, 阅读无任何变化。尊敬的孙老师，首先向您报喜，我的职称英语（综合A）79分。我在网上报名学习，3月份给您发了一个帖子，说我阅读理解越做越错，都急哭了，我可都40大几了！您及时给我回复，全文如下：“请认真听12课，按我讲的步骤解题。千万不要去读文章。就大多数职称学员的英语水平，读的越多，错的越多。并认真下载做10,12,14,15课的练习（这全是历年的考卷，最有代表性）然后再听讲座，并认真总结经验教训。您是否能通过不取决于书上的50篇文章，而取决于10,12,14,15的考卷的分数。因为实际考试要规范得多（也简单得多，从人事部出题的角度来看，其用意是让多数同学通过）。如何对付50篇文章我们将在16、17课中讲到，我们在18、19、20课将不断地练习往年考卷。希望您能不断总结经验教训。您做完练习后再给我来信。我会特别关注。看得出您是一位非常认真的人，再有好的方法，今年您一定能通过。通过了，别忘了告诉我。”，我把孙老师的回复记下。4月9号晚上我给贴吧写下“临考喝下孙老师这晚酒，浑身是胆雄赳赳”，后又写下“我还要继续深造”一贴，您回复是“孙老师的无奈”，至今放在置顶位置。我真不是一时兴起，听孙老师的课让我对英语有了信心、兴趣。我的女儿今年中考，我为她报了中考网上培训班，女儿理科很好，就怕死记硬背，一模考试英语120分使出吃奶的力气考了87分，她总对我说：“为什么要这样说！”，我只好说你背就行了！听了孙老师的课，女儿只说了一句：“我算知道英国人为什么这样说了”。中考英语那天，我一见她出来就是笑嘻嘻的，见我就说，挺简单的，怎么也得110吧。哈哈，到时我在向孙老师报喜！2014年全国职称英语等级考试卫生类阅读理解试题及参考答案第四部分：阅读理解卫生C级：第一篇至第十六篇卫生B级：第十七篇至第三十三篇 卫生A级：第三十四篇至第五十篇（卫生ABC级都无新增文章）卫生C级：第一篇Bringing Nanotechnology to Health Care for the Poor（卫生C）Nanotechnology uses matter at the level of molecules and atoms. Researchers are finding different uses for particles with alength of one nanometer, or one-billionth of a meter. These include things like beauty productsand dirt-resistant clothing. But one area where many experts believe nanotechnology holds great promise is medicine.Last week, speakers at a program in Washington discussed usingnanotechnology to improve health care in developing countries. The program took place at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Peter Singer at the University of Toronto says a nanotechnology called quantum dots could be used to confirm eases of malaria. He says it could offer a better way than the traditional process of looking at a persons blood under a microscope.In poor countries, this process is often not followed. As a result, sick people may get treated for malaria even if they do not have it. Such misuse of medicines can lead to drug resistance. Quantum dots are particles that give off light when activated. Researchers are studying ways to program them to identify diseases by lighting up in the presence of a targeted molecule.Experts say nanotechnology shows promise not just for diagnosing diseases, but also for treating them. Piotr Grodzinski of the National Institutes of Health talked about how nanotechnology could make drugs more effective. He talked about cancer drugs already developed with nanotechnology. He says if a drug can target a cancer locally in the body, then much less of it might be needed, and that means lower side effects.Andrew Maynard is chief scientist for the Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies at the Woodrow Wilson Center. He noted that Brazil, India, China and South Africa are currently doing nanotechnology research that could help poor countries. But he also noted that there is some risk in using nano-materials. He says nanometer-sized particles behave differently in the body and the environment compared to larger particles. Experts say more investment in research is needed to better understand these risks.练习：1.Which of the following uses of nanotechnology is NOT mentioned in the passage?A To make beauty products and dirt-resistant clothing.B To produce better and lighter building materials.C To help more accurately diagnose diseases.D To help more effectively treat diseases.2. How can quantum dots be used to confirm diseases?A By traditionally looking at a persons blood under a microscope.B By letting a person take some kind of medicine.C By lighting up in the presence of a targeted molecule.D By subjecting a person to an X-ray examination.3. How can nanotechnology be used to make a drug more effective?A By making a drug target the focus of a disease.B By changing the structure of the body ceils.C By lowering the side effects caused by a drug.D By letting a patient take a dose as large as possible.4.Thefollowing developingcountries are doing very well scientific research onnanotechnology EXCEPTA China B Brazil C IranD India5. Which of the following is the possible risk in usingnano-materials mentioned in the passage?A They may cause some damage to the body cells.B They are harmful materials themselves.C They may store in the body.D They may behave differently in the body and the environment.第一篇纳米保健技术走向贫困国家纳米技术的应用对象都是分子级和原子级的物质。如今，长度为一纳米，即十亿分之一米的粒子已被开发出多种用途，如制造美容产品和抗污型服装等。但其中一个领域科学家认为潜力尤为巨大，那就是医药领域。在上周于华盛顿Woodrow Wilson国际中心召开的一个项目会议上，科学家们探讨了如何将纳米技术应用于贫困国家人口保健的事宜。来自多伦多大学的Peter Singer声称一项名为量子点的纳米技术可被应用于疟疾的诊断。相对于传统的仅用显微镜观察血液样本的方法，此技术要先进得多。由于贫困国家往往没有条件应用此项新技术，许多健康人被误诊为疟疾患者，而药物的滥用又导致了抗药性的产生。所谓量子点是指一些被激活后会发光的粒子，如今科学家正在研究为它们编程的方法，以便当靶分子存在的时候就能够通过发光来诊断疾病。纳米技术的优越性不光体现在疾病的诊断，还包括疾病的治疗。国立卫生研究所的Piotr Grodzinski与大家共同探讨了如何运用纳米技术来增强药效。以一些已经使用了纳米技术的抗癌药物为例，他指出，如果药物可以针对癌症病灶而不是整个人体，治疗所需药量就会大大减少，副作用也会降低。Andrew Maynard是Woodrow Wilson中心新兴的纳米技术工程部骨干科学家，他注意到巴西、印度、中国及南非正在开发可被贫困国家所应用的纳米技术。与此同时他指出，与较大分子不同，纳米材料的颗粒在人体内和体外环境中的作用可能有所不同，因此纳米技术的应用存在一定风险，若要深入研究这些风险则需要更大的资金投入。.2013综合B阅读押题共4篇文章 第十九篇 The Family（综合B）第二十篇 Tales 传说 故事of the Terrible 可怕的Past（综合B）第二十六篇 Seeing the World Centuries世纪 Ago（综合B）第三十篇 “Lucky” Lord Lucan伯爵 - Alive or Dead（综合B）已考过第三十三篇 Oseola McCarty（综合B）注意：讲故事的文章,不必抓中心。 1.On 8th November 1974 Lord Lucan，a British aristocrat，vanished. The day before，his childrens nanny had been brutally murdered and his wife had been attacked too. To this day the British public are still interested in the murder case because Lucan has never been found. Now，over 30 years later，the police have reopened，the case，hoping that new DNA techniques will he1p solve this murder mystery.1974年11月8日，英国贵族鲁肯伯爵失踪。此前一天，他孩子们的保姆被残忍地杀害，他的妻子也遭到了袭击。直到现在，英国民众对这个谋杀案仍然很感兴趣，因为鲁肯伯爵一直没有被找到。30多年后的今天，警察重新调查案件，希望新的DNA技术帮助揭开这个谋杀之谜。2.People suspected that “Lucky”，as he was called by friends，wanted to kill his wife he no longer lived with. They say that Lucan entered his old house and in the dark，killed the nanny by mistake. His estranged wife heard noises，came downstairs and was also attacked，but managed to escape. Seven months after the murder，a jury conc1uded that Lucan had ki1led the nanny.3.What happened next is unc1ear，but there are several theories which fall into one of three categories：he may have killed himself，he could have escaped or he might have been killed. It appears that the night after the murder，“Lucky”borrowed a car and drove it，Lucans friend Aspinall said in an interview that he thought Lucan had committed suicide by sinking his boat in the English Channel.4. Another version of events says that “Lucky” left the blood-soaked car on the coast and took a ferry to France.2 He was met there by someone who drove him to safety in another country. However，after a time，his rescuers became worried that they would become involved in the murder too and so Lucan was killed.5.A further fascinating theory was made in the book Dead Lucky by Duncan MacLaughlin，a former detective. He believes that Lucan travelled to Goa，India，where he assumed the identity of a Mr Barry Haplin. Lucan then lived in Goa till his death in 1996. In the end the c1aim turned out be a case of mistaken identity. The man who died in 1996 was real1y Haplin，an exschoolteacher turned hippy. So what is the truth about Lucky? DNA testing has solved many murder cases，but who knows if it can cIose the book on this one. 3原文1. The public are still interested in the investigation because_.公众对这件谋杀的调查依旧很感兴趣的原因是什么?A) of the terrible murderB) of the use of new DNA techniques C) Lord Lucan has never been foundD) Lord Lucan was famous试卷 3分36 The British public are still interested in the murder case because _A the murderer was an aristocrat B the murderer has not been caught C the murderers DHA has not been caught D the murderer was a famous man 注解：细节题查细节关键词的选择3. 如答案A、B、C、D里有3-4个相同的词，便是关键词3.用关键词在文章中按顺序找到问题的出处，可能是关键词的重复，以多个关键词的重复为准。有可能题干中的关键词（或答案）和文章中的关键词（或答案）会产生变化即同义词
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