中英对照 3G移动通信应用

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如何看待3G移动通信应用一、引 言 在日益增长的移动业务市场需求的推动下，3G技术正在逐步走向应用。从目前3G网络商用情况看，用户市场与运营商对3G的期望与网络实际应用之间存在一定的差距。在3G初期，众多的移动通信领域专家与学者们都预期3G将成为一个彻底实现普遍灵活、多样化、个性化的5A（Anyone，Anywhere，Anytime，Anydevice，Anything）方式的无缝隙宽带接入的解决方案，在网络统一性、业务综合性、服务多样性方面，3G将成为用户的理想选择。但是，随着规范制定、产品实现、网络商用、业务提供等多方面的发展，可以看出，现有的WCDMA，cdma2000，TD-SCDMA三类技术在应用方面都面临困境。认清这些问题，对于在移动通信产业发展中占据重要位置的移动运营商而言，具有重要的战略意义。二、3G网络技术应用面临的问题 从移动运营商角度来看，网络技术包括产品实现技术与网络运营技术。产品实现技术的综合性能影响网络运营技术，而网络运营技术又能够推动产品实现技术。这里结合对3G网络技术体系的理解，就应用方面面临的问题给予剖析。 对于3G产品实现技术而言，面临的最大问题就是如何实现产品性能多方面“软性”特征的平衡与稳定。3G系统中采用的CDMA无线接入技术的复杂程度远远超过2G系统的GSM技术。CDMA技术以统计复用方式进行无线资源利用，用户区分采用码字方式，用户在时间、频谱方面呈共用特征，为了降低这种“共用”造成的“自干扰性”实现用户侧的高质量话音与数据业务，3G网络需要在物理层、链路层、网络层引入多项关键无线技术，包括功率控制、软切换、多用户检测、智能天线、无线资源管理等，而对于每一项关键技术，不仅向下包含多类实现方式，而且横向与其它技术之间相关联。下面以功率控制技术为例，剖析产品实现技术应用面临的问题。 功率控制是克服CDMA系统中的“远近效应”采用的一项关键技术，以实现用户之间的功率平衡，同时保证系统覆盖与容量之间的平衡。与GSM相比，3G系统对功率控制的依赖程度很大，并且功率控制的精度与速度直接影响到网络性能。在功率控制的实现过程中，基站与手机的响应速度门限及可变性特征是限制功率控制速度的客观因素，用户的移动性与无线环境的复杂性是限制功率控制精度的客观因素。由于这两方面的客观因素存在，功率控制在3G的技术规范中不能给出明确限定值。因此，功率控制技术在实现及应用方面呈限制性与不确定性，这些特征一方面直接映射到3G网络性能中，另一方面通过与其它技术（例如软切换）的相关性间接体现到3G网络性能中，这两方面将导致了网络性能的“软特性”。对于3G网络运营技术而言，面临的最大挑战就是如何快速、持续地实现网络规划的“方向性”与网络优化的“经验化”。3G网络规划“方向性”的难度在于，不仅存在规划技术本身的复杂，而且存在规划有效性的风险。其中，风险将体现在近期与长期两个阶段：近期表现为网络覆盖空洞、业务提供的不连续性、业务质量保证的不确定性，长期将体现在网络的良性建设与运营。显然，这与GSM的网络规划效应存在很大的差异。综上所述，在3G网络中，无线接入方面采用码分多址（CDMA）技术，理论上，在提高无线资源利用率、提升用户业务质量等方面具有优势。但是，3G技术本身的复杂性、技术规范的开放性、产品实现的个性化等特征，使得3G网络在网络性能、运营管理等方面存在不可预知甚至不可控的情况。因此，3G网络技术的应用存在的问题将体现在网络运营技术与产品实现技术之间的匹配、协调与平衡。 三、3G统一业务平台体系实现的难度 业务平台多样化、差异化是数据业务发展过程中的一个实际情况，从业务演进与业务发展的角度看，这种情况将会在业务开发、管理等方面增加难度，体现到用户市场将是数据业务漫游的可行性问题。移动多媒体数据业务是3G的典型特征，在技术规范方面，提出了统一业务架构及应用业务平台的概念，同时也提出了基于IP传输技术的3G典型多媒体业务平台产品-IMS。但是，基于2G向3G业务的平滑演进思路，实现2G已有的多类业务平台及新增的3G业务平台的统一将面临一定的技术风险与实现难度。统一业务平台体系的技术风险表现在两个方面，一方面是业务架构统一标准对已有业务平台的兼容性，另一方面是典型业务平台IMS承载业务的质量保证与用户接受程度。显然，这两方面的风险都会从不同程度上影响到业务平滑演进。对于业务架构而言，其目标是提供一套开放的、独立于网络和技术的可扩展编程接口，实现对现有通信网络进行安全的公开访问。目前，两种主流的规范OSA/Parlay与OMA的实现仍然在讨论中，2G业务平台怎样与3G的OSA/Parlay与OMA相兼容是目前运营商需要考虑的问题。对于IMS业务平台而言，在基于IP的SIP应用易于统一，但是在业务质量方面将面临挑战，能否真正成为3G预期的话音与数据的统一承载平台，充分体现出业务的灵活性、透明度、集成度，尚需进一步的验证。统一业务平台体系技术的应用还将受到其它相关技术应用的限制，例如计费系统支撑技术与终端对数据业务的支持技术。 四、3G终端市场发展的困境 从2G数据业务的发展经验来看，终端是推动移动数据业务发展的一个很重要的因素。进入3G时代，市场需求下的3G终端将成为业务支持方面集视频、音频为一体，技术支持方面兼容2G与3G及多业务平台协议的方便随身携带的多媒体设备。分析目前世界各国的3G市场可知，从某种程度上讲，多媒体终端的发展已经成为满足3G市场需求的瓶颈，主要表现在两个方面：（1）终端技术本身，包括终端与系统的兼容性、终端响应速度、终端电池待机时长等因素； （2）另一方面，终端复杂性造成的管理成本。对于终端技术的发展，由于3G网络技术的复杂性与“软特性”，终端技术在兼容性（例如Uu IOT）与标准统一（例如对功率控制的速度与精度）方面面临的问题很难避免。同时，由于终端对业务支持的集成度要求，使得终端电池待电能力明显不足（从目前的3G商用手机来看，进行384kbit/s业务时，电池的持续时间不超过2h）。从世界范围来看，NTT DoCoMo在终端方面发展处于领先地位。但是，从其将近2年3G发展历程来看，上述终端问题依然是阻碍3G快速发展的主要因素。五、挑战的思考与应对 从前面的分析可知，3G技术在应用方面面临着端到端的挑战。从技术角度看，这些挑战将有利于推动技术本身的发展。但是，从3G运营角度来看，这些挑战使得3G发展存在极大的风险与困难，甚至会制约3G用户市场需求的发展。 作为移动通信网络运营商，需要从形成健康、良性产业链的角度进行思考。通信产业发展的目标是满足日益发展的市场需求，为此，我们需要首先思考3G用户市场需求是怎样的，这种需求对产业链提出怎样的要求等问题。进入3G时代对于用户来说将是更注重“体验”的时代，先进的技术需要得到实际应用，为用户提供更加真实的移动互联体验。其次，需要考虑如何优化运营技术水平，形成完整的从市场与业务到网络与运营的3G发展战略与策略，同时要重视对技术发展与应用策略的引导。第三，还需要考虑多运营商格局下，3G网络运营模式的创新（例如共享网络无线资源模式）。由于3G仍然呈多技术体系，而且由于受频率资源匮乏的限制，基于三类技术的3G网络之间的干扰与影响将可能使彼此的网络性能降到最低（这是CDMA技术本身存在的问题）。总之，2G向3G发展不同于移动模拟通信向移动数字通信的发展，运营商需要考虑技术风险、投资风险与市场风险，平衡市场需求、网络建设与业务收益之间复杂的关系，扮演移动产业价值链的主导角色。中英文对照翻译How to look at 3G mobile communication applicationsI.INTRODUCTIONMobile services in the growing market demand driven, 3G technology is gradually applied. Commercial 3G network from the current situation, the user market and the expectations of 3G operators and network exists between the practical application of the gap.In the early 3G, many mobile communication experts and scholars are expected to 3G will be a completely universal and flexible, diversified, individualized 5A (Anyone, Anywhere, Anytime, Anydevice, Anything) method of seamless broadband access solutions, the unity in the network, business integration, service diversity, 3G will be the ideal choice for users. However, with the specification development, product realization, network business, service provision and other aspects of development, we can see, the existing WCDMA, cdma2000, TD-SCDMA technology in the application of three are facing difficulties. Clear understanding of these issues in the mobile communications industry for the development of an important position to occupy the mobile operators, has important strategic significance.Second, 3G network technology problemsFrom the perspective of mobile operators, network technologies, including products, technology implementation technology and network operations. Products to achieve the overall performance of technical network operations technologies, and network operators, technology and implementation techniques to promote the product. This system, combined with the understanding of 3G network technology to the problems facing the application of given analysis.Implementation technology for 3G products, the biggest problem is how to achieve various performance soft characteristics of balance and stability. 3G CDMA system, wireless access technology used in the complexity of the system far more than 2G GSM technology. CDMA wireless technology in the way of statistical multiplexing of resources, the user distinguish the use of code words, the user at the time, the frequency spectrum was shared characteristics, in order to reduce this common cause self-interference to achieve high-quality voice user side and data services, 3G networks need in the physical layer, link layer, network layer into a number of key wireless technologies, including power control, soft switching, multi-user detection, smart antennas, radio resource management, and for each of the key technologies not only down to include many types of implementations, and between the horizontal and other technologies associated. Below the power control technology, for example, analysis of product realization technology problems.CDMA power control system to overcome the distance effect a key technology used to achieve a balance of power between users, while ensuring that the system balance between coverage and capacity. Compared with GSM, 3G systems dependent on large power control and power control accuracy and speed directly affects the network performance. The realization of the power control process, the base station and mobile speed of response and variability characteristics of the threshold is to limit the power control the speed of objective factors, the users mobile and wireless environment is to limit the complexity of the power control accuracy of the objective factors. Since both the objective factors exist, the power control in 3G specifications can not give a clear limit. Therefore, the power control technology and applications in the realization was restrictive and uncertainties, which features the one hand, map directly to the 3G network performance, the other hand, with other technologies (such as soft handover) is reflected indirectly related to the 3G network performance in both the network performance will lead to soft features.Technology for 3G network operators, the biggest challenge is how to quickly and continuously to achieve the network planning of the direction and network optimization, empirically. 3G network planning, direction of the difficulty is, not only in planning the technology itself complex, and there is the risk of planning effectiveness. Among them, the risk will be reflected in short-term and long-term of two phases: the recent performance of the network coverage holes, discontinuity of service provision, service quality assurance of uncertainty, the long-term will be reflected in the construction and operation of the network healthy. Obviously, this effect with the GSM network planning there is a big difference.In summary, in the 3G network, wireless access using Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) technology, in theory, to improve radio resource utilization, improve user service quality has advantages. However, 3G technology itself, the complexity of o