英语必修一Unit4单词讲解

Unit4 Earthquakes earthquake n. 地震 Eg: It is reported that an earthquake broke out last night in Southeast Asia. right away 立刻；马上 同义词： right now=straight away=at once=in no time=immediately 注意： right now除表示“立刻，马上”之外， 还表示“现在，此刻”，比 now的语气强， 相当于 at this moment, at present，用于进行 时。 well n. 井 Eg: A book is a well of knowledge. adj. 健康的 Eg: I hope you will get well soon. adv. 熟练地，有效地 Eg: He plays the piano very well for his age. smelly adj. 有臭味的，发臭的 Eg: His socks are smelly. 拓展： blood bloody cloud cloudy rain rainy greed greedy 词根： smell 可用作系动词或实义动词，用 作系动词时，意为“闻起来”；用作实义 动词时意为“闻” Eg: You may smell the mixture and it smells terrible. blood + -y = bloody rain + -y = rainy cloud + -y = cloudy wind + -y = windy snow + -y = snowy greed + -y = greedy dream+-y = dreamy taste+ -y = tasty ice + -y = icy fat + -y = fatty mud+ -y = muddy fog + -y = foggy sun + -y = sunny 流血的 多云的 下雪的 幻想的 冷漠的，冰的 泥泞的 肥胖的 下雨的 多风的 贪婪的 美味的 阳光灿烂的 有雾的 burst v.（使）爆裂；（使）破裂；（使）爆炸 Eg: You are going to burst the balloon if you are not careful. The balloon suddenly burst. v.猛冲；突然出现 Eg: He burst into the room without knocking. burst into+ n.=burst out doing sth. 突然 起来 eg: burst into laughter=burst out laughing eg: 她突然笑起来。 She burst out laughing. She burst into . 他突然大哭起来。 He burst out crying. He burst into . n. 突然爆裂，爆发 短语： a burst of 一阵 eg: 一阵笑声 laughter tears a burst of laughter 勃然大怒 a burst of anger burst into burst with 闯入 充满 event n. （ 1） C（尤指涉及几个人的）事件，大 事 Eg: That was an important historical event. （ 2） C（体育比赛等的）项目，赛事 Eg: The Olympic Games are important events in the sports world. 4. at an end 结束，终结 eg: 炎热的天气终于结束了。 The hot days are at last at an end. The hot days come to an end at last. be at an end = come to an end 结束 短语： put an end to=bringto an end 使 结束 eg: 他们应该结束战争。 They should put an end to the war. They should bring the war to an end. 辨析： at an end, in the end, at the end of, by the end of 1). at an end: 表示“终结，结束”，与 be动词连用。 eg: 战争结束了。 The war was at an end.= The war came to an end. 2). in the end: 表示“最终，终于”， 单独使用作 状语 。 eg: 最终他们放弃了那项计划。 They gave up the plan in the end. (at last) 3). at the end of: 表示“在 的尽头 /末尾” eg: 今年年底，我父亲要回家。 My father will come home at the end of this year. He is at the end of his patience. 他已经忍耐到极限了。 4). by the end of: 到 末为止，常与 完成时态 连用。 by the end of last 用于 过去 完成时 by the end of next 用于 将来 完成时 eg: 到上个月末为止，他在那条船上已经待了两年。 By the end of last month, he had been on that ship for two years. 到下学期末为止，我将学会 3000多个英语单词。 I will have learned more than 3000 English words by the end of next term. 5. nation n. 民族，国家，国民 单词积累： national adj. 国家的，民族的，国营的 nationality n. 国籍 辨析： nation, country, state 易混词 辨析 例句 nation country state 侧重指“人民”，即 “国民” The whole nation was in deep sorrow. 举国悲痛。 侧重指 “疆土” ，即 “国土”。 He has been to many African countries.他去过许多非洲国家。 侧重指 “政 权” “政体”，即 “国权” Hes a head of state. 他是一位国家元首。 ruin （ 1） n. U 毁坏；毁灭；灭亡 Eg: The war brought ruin to the country. （ 2） n. 倒塌的建筑物，废墟 Eg: The castle now lies in ruins. 注意： ruin表示“废墟，遗迹”，常用复数， 常构成 in ruins，意为“严重受损，破败不 堪”，强调状态，常用作表语或状语。 （ 3） v. （完全地）毁坏，毁掉；使破产 Eg: I was ruined by that law case. 拓展： be in ruins 呈一片废墟 bring sth to ruin 使某物毁灭 bring sb to ruin 使某人破产 suffering n. U 疼痛，痛苦，折磨，苦难 eg: Death finally brought an end to her suffering. 注意： sufferings 表示“痛苦，苦恼” eg: The hospital aims to ease the sufferings of the dying. extreme （ 1） adj. 极度（大）的；严重的；极端的； 过分的 Eg： extreme weather conditions 极端恶劣的 天气情况 extreme sports 极限运动 （ 2） n. C 完全相反的事物；极端，极度， 极限 Eg: extremes of cold, wind or rain 严寒，狂风， 骤雨 拓展： go to extremes 走极端 injure hurt wound harm 指损害健康，成就，容 貌等，强调功能的丧失， 常指 事故中 的伤害 普通用语，既可指 肉体 上的伤害，也可指 精神 上， 感情 上的伤害 指枪伤，刀伤，刺伤等 皮肉之伤，尤指 战场 上 所受的伤 一般指伤害有生命的东 西，常指伤 及人的健康， 权利，事业 等 A bullet injured his left eye. 一颗子弹伤了他的左眼。 I dont want to hurt you. 我不想伤害你。 The soldier was wounded badly. 这位士兵严重受伤。 Smoking seriously harmed his health. 吸烟严重地损害了他的健康。 track （ 1） n. C 足迹，踪迹；轨道，跑道 Eg: We followed the bears tracks in the snow. （ 2） vt. 跟踪，追踪 Eg: We continued tracking the plane on our radar. 拓展： keep track of 记录；掌握 的线索 useless adj. 无用的，无效的，无价值的 Eg: He knew it was useless to protest. 固定句式： It is useless (no use) doing sth 做某事是无用的 shock （ 1） v. 使震惊；使惊愕；使难以置信 搭配： be shocked at 对 感到震惊 be shocked to do sth 惧怕做某事 eg: The murder of such a young child deeply shocked the whole community. （ 2） v. （使）愤慨，（使）生气 eg: Just ignore all their bad language they only do it to shock. （ 3） n. 令人震惊的（情况，消息） 搭配： be a shock to sb 对某人来说是一个打击 eg: It was a real shock to hear that the factory would have to close. shocked adj. 惊愕的，感到震惊的 shocking adj. 令人震惊的 rescue （ 1） n. C,U 救援，营救；救援行动 eg: The rescue team made ten rescues in a week. （ 2） vt. 救援，拯救，解救 搭配： rescue sb/sth from 把 从 （地 方）解救出来 eg: They rescued the boy from the burning house. a rescue team 救援队 rescue worker 救援人员 trap （ 1） vt. （ trapped）困住，关住，使陷入危 险中 搭配： be trapped in 困在 中 eg: The car was trapped in the deep snow. （ 2） n. C陷阱；困境；圈套，诡计 eg: She had set a trap for him and he had walked straight into it. electricity n. U 电，电力 Eg: This machine is run/driven by electricity. 拓展： turn on/off electricity 接通 /切断电源 electric adj. 用电的，电动的 electrical adj. 电的，与电有关的 electronic adj.电子的 disaster n. 灾难，灾祸 Eg: The fire was a great disaster. 拓展： a traffic disaster 一起交通事故 natural disaster 自然灾害 a disaster area 灾区 dig out (dug) 挖出，翻找出 Eg: Why did you dig out those old magazines? 9. bury vt. 埋葬，掩埋，隐藏 eg: 她被安葬在她丈夫的坟边。 She was buried beside her husbands grave. 她双手捂着脸哭了起来。 She buried her face in her hands and cried. 短语： bury oneself in=be buried in. 专心于 ， 埋首于 bend ones mind/efforts/thoughts to devote oneself to=be devoted to 专心于 ，献身于 be lost in 陷入 中 10. shelter n. 掩蔽，躲避处，避难，保护 短语： take shelter from 躲避 vt.&vi. 庇护，掩护 (常与 from搭配使用 ) 意为“保护 不受 的伤害 /侵害” eg: 人们在百货商场躲避阵雨。 People took shelter from the shower in the department store. 那些树木庇护田地不受冷风侵袭。 The trees shelter the field from the cold wind. title （ 1） n. C 标题，题目 Eg: His novel was published under the title of Love and Reason. （ 2） n. C 职位名称；职称 Eg: The official title of the job is “Administrative Assistant”. （ 3） vt. （给书籍，乐曲等）加标题 Eg: Their first album was titled “Ocean Drive”. 11. damage n.&vt. 损失，损害 eg: Smoking can damage your health. 抽烟会损害你的健康。 短语： do damage to 对 造成损害 12. frighten vt. 使惊吓，吓唬 frightened adj. 受惊的，受恐吓的 frightening adj. 令人恐惧的 短语： be frightened at 受 惊吓，见 大吃一惊 be frightened of sb/sth 害怕某人 /某物 同义词： shock 近义词： surprise congratulation n. 祝贺；恭贺；贺词 搭配： offer/send ones congratulations to sb on sth 因某事向某人表示祝贺 Eg: We offered our congratulations to him on his success. congratulate vt.祝贺 搭配： congratulate sb on sth 因某事祝贺 某人 congratulate oneself on sth/doing sth/that 暗自庆幸 Eg: I heartily congratulate myself on having chosen a good woman to be my wife. judge （ 1） n. 裁判员，评判员；法官；审判员 Eg: The judges decision is final. （ 2） vt. 判断；断定；认为 Eg: Judging by her letter, they are having a wonderful time. （ 3） vt. 裁判；评判；担任裁判 Eg: She was asked to judge the essay competition. judge 是一个重要的动词，尤其要注意它所构成 的分词悬垂结构 judging from/by, 它在句中做 独立成分，不受句子主语的影响和限制，表达的 意义是说话者的看法或判断。 express vt. 表示，表达，表露 搭配： express sth 表达 /表露 express oneself 表达自己的思想感情 express itself 显而易见，不言自明 Eg: Perhaps I have not expressed myself very well. Their pleasure expressed itself in a burst of applause.