高职数学课程中的教学实验与教学改革的浅析中英文对照

关于高职数学课程中的教学实验与教学改革的浅析中英文对照On higher vocational teaching experiments and analyses of the teaching reform of mathematics curriculum in Chinese and English contrast目前，在高职院校完整的教育体系中，高职数学作为一门重要的公共基础课程，对学生今后的发展具有重要意义。比如在培养学生思维的严密性、逻辑性和抽象性等方面，都有巨大帮助。但是，高职院校的基本教学目的是培养能够服务于社会的实用型专业人才，在此背景下，如果想要接受系统的、完整的高职数学教育已经不太可能，但是，必须本着必需、够用的教育理念，根据专业需求，对高职数学教学工作进行改革，最大限度的搞好高职数学的教学任务。At present, the complete education system in higher vocational colleges, higher vocational mathematics as an important public basic courses, is of great significance to the development of students in the future. Such as rigor in training students thinking, logical and abstract and so on, all have great help. However, basic teaching objectives of vocational colleges is to train professionals to serve the social practical, under this background, if you want to accept system and complete vocational mathematical education is unlikely, however, must be in line with the necessary and adequate education idea, according to the professional requirements, to reform higher vocational mathematics teaching work, the maximum task to improve the quality of higher vocational mathematics teaching. 一、高职院校的现状分析A, analysis of the status quo of higher vocational colleges 1.学生分析1. The students analysis 高职院校的学生中学数学基础普遍较差，对于他们学习衔接性很强的高职数学无疑是一大难题。很多学生学习主动性不强，接受知识较慢。还有就是学习态度差，这才是致命的，大部分高职学生对数学缺乏自信心，对于学习数学的兴趣不高，甚至对数学存在心理阴影，一味逃避，认为不适合学数学。产生双差的原因可能是多方面的，但主要的是：学生对数学的学习过于盲目，数学学习目的性不强。Students in higher vocational colleges middle school mathematics foundation is generally poor, for they learn cohesion sex strong higher vocational mathematics is definitely a big problem. Many students learning initiative is not strong, to accept knowledge is slow. And learning attitude is poor, this is the fatal, most of the vocational college students lack self-confidence in mathematics and learn mathematics interest is not high, even in mathematics have psychological shadow, blindly escape from, think not suitable for learning mathematics. Double difference of the reasons may be various, but the main is: students mathematics learning is too blind, mathematics study purpose is not strong. 2.教材分析2. The teaching material analysis 教材不合理，大多数高职数学教材都是本科的压缩版，保留很多定理和公式的复杂证明过程。这些对于基础较差的同学无疑是雪上加霜，内容上与学生的实际有很大的脱节，缺乏高职数学教育的特色，内容与专业联系太少，不仅很难为专业课服务，而且会使学生对学习数学的必要性产生质疑，学习没兴趣。主要原因在于：目前高职数学的版本实在太多，严重不统一，学校选教材就有一定的困难，有些学校不管什么专业都用同一本高职数学教材。Unreasonable teaching, most of the higher vocational mathematics teaching material is a compressed version of the undergraduate, retain many theorems and formulas of complex process. The basis for poor students is definitely icing on the cake, the content and students reality have very big disconnect, lack of vocational mathematical education characteristics, content and professional contact is too little, not only for professional class service, and can make students to question the necessity of learning mathematics, not interested to learn. Main reason is that there are too many versions of current higher vocational mathematics, serious, school choice materials have certain difficulty, some schools are no matter what major with a higher vocational math textbooks. 3.教学分析3. The analysis of teaching 教学方法单一，大部分高职院校仍几乎采用黑板配粉笔的教学模式，很少采1用多媒体和数学相关软件教学，很难调动学生的学习积极性。多媒体课件可轻松实现几何直观，使课堂教学形象生动，但利用课件节奏太快，对高职学生的理解会造成一定的困难。合理搭配是关键，高职数学的教学方法必须多样化。Single teaching methods, most of the higher vocational colleges is still almost adopts the teaching mode of the blackboard with chalk, rarely 1 and mathematical software with multimedia teaching, it is difficult to mobilize the study enthusiasm of students. Multimedia courseware can easily implement geometric intuition, make classroom teaching vivid, but the use of the rapid pace of courseware, the understanding of higher vocational students will cause some difficulties. Reasonable collocation is the key to higher vocational math teaching methods must be diversified. 二、教学改革几点建议Second, some Suggestions on teaching reform 1.学生学习思想的转变1. The change of students learning thought 由于高职学生的数学基础差，因此他们接触较为抽象的高职数学时，容易产生难学或厌学的情绪。有相当一部分学生纯粹为考试而学习，及格万岁，这对教学极为不利。教师可适当插入一点数学家的历史背景或实际生活的故事，以学习数学的方法、思想和目的等方面为题，师生一起思考和讨论，初步引导学生了解数学、喜欢数学和掌握数学，端正学生的学习态度。课堂教学以学生为中心，创造一个良好、和谐、轻松的课堂气氛，授业与传道并重，强调数学与其他科目在学习方法上的联系与区别。Because of the higher vocational students mathematics foundation is poor, so they contact more abstract of higher vocational mathematics, prone to difficult, or tired of emotions. There are quite a number of students studying for the exam, pure pass long live, to the detriment of the teaching. Teachers can insert some historical background or mathematician appropriately real life stories, to learn mathematics method, the thought and purpose, etc, teachers and students think and discuss together, preliminary guide students to understand mathematics, like mathematics, and master mathematics, the students learning attitude. Classroom teaching with students as the center, create a good, harmonious, relaxed classroom atmosphere, paying equal attention to knowledge and to preach, emphasize on the way to learn mathematics and other subjects. The relation and difference between 了解学生的实际情况，大纲统一，指导分层。合理控制教与学的关系，在教学中尽量展示数学美，使学生认识数学的真正价值。更主要的是使学生懂得数学在本专业及现实社会的作用及如何用，逐步培养数学学习兴趣。Understand the actual situation of students, unified outline, guiding layer. Reasonable control, the relationship between teaching and learning in the teaching of mathematical beauty show as far as possible, so that the students know the true value of mathematics. More the main is to make students understand mathematics in this professional and realistic social role and how to use, cultivate interest in maths study step by step. 2.高职数学教材的改革2. The reform of higher vocational mathematics teaching material 教材是学生学习的重要工具，高职院校本着基础理论知识够用的原则，结合实际，突出应用。教材的选取必须以适应高职学生学习和符合专业特点为前提，取材合理，深度适宜，语言通俗易懂。以生活案例引出知识点，重视重要概念产生的背景。不通过繁琐的证明让学生掌握概念，而是用典型的专业例题来替代，达到数学知识与专业知识相结合的效果。尽可能用简单计算引出公式，用直观的图像引出性质。Teaching material is an important tool for students learning, higher vocational colleges based on the principle of sufficient basic theoretical knowledge, combined with the actual, highlight the application. The selection of teaching material must learn to adapt to higher vocational students and the premise in accordance with the professional characteristics, based on reasonable, depth is appropriate, language easy to understand. Case lead to knowledge points in life, attaches great importance to the background of important concepts. Without using complicated proof to let the students grasp the concept, but with the typical professional sample instead, achieve the result of mathematical knowledge combined with professional knowledge. As far as possible with a simple calculation formula derivation, with intuitive image leads to nature. 3.教学方法的改革3. The reform of teaching methods 高职学生认知能力比较弱，加上高职基础课时间少，很多学生一时很难适应，新旧知识很难衔接。教师必须注重直观教学，合理分配教学时间，保证学生在课堂上有一定的参与学习活动时间。先让学生预习，把学生自己发觉的一些问题带入课堂，讨论、研究、教学、学习相结合，培养学生自主学习和探索问题的能力。讲解例题时，不要把重点放在解题上，而是要引导学生去分析问题，只要学生明白解题思路和方法，动不动笔根本不重要，这样不仅可以提高学生的分析能力，还可以解决学生听得懂而自己不会做的问题。Vocational students cognitive ability is weak, coupled with higher vocational basic course time, many students are hard to adapt to, the old and new knowledge is very difficult to connect. The teacher must pay attention to visual teaching, reasonable allocation of teaching time, ensure that students have to participate in learning activities in class time. Let students to review, found that some of the problems in the classroom, the students discussed, combining research, teaching, learning, training students ability of autonomous learning and exploring problems. Interpretation of the sample, dont focus on problem solving, but to guide students to analyze problems, as long as students understand their thinking and method, every pen isnt important, it can not only improve the students analysis ability, can also solve the problems of the students can understand and you wont do. 一堂课的重点是确定的，难点却要看实际情况，任何一个小细节都可能是死结，教师可通过提问和上台做练习等方式及时了解学生掌握知识的情况，发现问题及时解决。回顾旧知识，注重分析新旧知识存在的联系，启发诱导学生学习新知识。针对个体差异，调整教学内容，适当减少理论推导，增加基础操作过程。加入一些多媒体教学，使数学知识直观化、形象化，给学生一种全新的感觉，便于理解和记忆。加入数学实验辅助教学，让学生参与到教学内容中来，从被动接受知识转变成主动探索知识。加入数学建模教学，使数学知识在实际中的应用进一步升华，也是数学综合知识的完美体现。Lesson of the key is to determine, which is difficult to see the actual situation, every little detail may be a fast knot, the teacher may through the questions and to practice methods such as students to master knowledge, timely find problems to solve in time. Review the old knowledge, pay attention to the analysis of contact between old and new knowledge, inspire revulsive students learn new knowledge. According to individual differences, adjust the teaching content, appropriate to reduce theoretical derivation, basic operation process. Add some multimedia teaching, make mathematics knowledge visualization, visualization, give students a new feeling, easy to understand and remember. Add auxiliary mathematics experiment teaching, let students participate in teaching content, from passively accept knowledge into active knowledge. In mathematical modeling teaching, make mathematics knowledge application in the actual further sublimation, also perfect embodiment of mathematics comprehensive knowledge. 4.考核方式的改革4. Assessment of the reform of the way 考核学生对数学的掌握情况，可将学生的总评分分成两大块，平时成绩和期末考成绩，平时成绩占40%，期末考成绩占60%。平时成绩主要从小测、课堂表现、出勤、作业、数学建模论文等方面进行考核，可以考核学生的综合素质。期末考成绩可采用半开半闭的考试方式进行考核。数学常见繁杂的公式，令学生望而生畏，尤其是到期末多科目复习，考试时间紧凑的情况下，为提高学生的复习效果，克服考试畏惧情绪，可实行可携带部分考试资料的半开半闭考试法。这种考核的优点在于有利于提高学生复习的主动性。在抄公式过程中，学生可以对教学内容进行全面系统的复习。学生抄写的过程其实就是对教材内容的复习和记忆的过程，而且可以减少一些死记硬背知识点对学生造成的压力，把精力放在数学思想方法的归纳应用上，加深了对知识点的理解和巩固作用。考试内容可以适当加大，难度也可以适当地提高，教师在命题时就可以加大提升综合应用能力的应用题。还有就是建立较大试题库，考教分离，客观评价教与学，提高教学效果Assessment of students mastery of mathematics, the students total score can be divided into two large, result and final result at ordinary times, peacetime grades (40%), the final exam scores accounted for 60%. Grades mainly from small test, classroom performance, attendance, homework, such as mathematical modeling papers for examination, can test students comprehensive quality. Final exam scores can use half open and half close examination to examine the way. Common complex mathematical formula, to inspire students, especially the more subject to review at the end of the semester, the test time is compact, to improve the students review result, overcome fear of mood, may apply to carry part of the test data of half open and half close examination method. This assessment is to improve students initiative of review. Students in the process of copying formula, the teaching content can be a comprehensive review of the system. Students copying process is actually the contents of the teaching material of the review process and memory, and can reduce some stress rote knowledge to students, focus on mathematical thinking method of inductive applications, deepened the understanding of knowledge and consolidate. Exam content may be appropriately increased, the difficulty can be appropriately increased, teachers can increase when proposition upgrading comprehensive application ability of word problems. And build large database, separation, objective evaluation of teaching and learning, improve teaching effect