语法之被动语态

The passive VoiceI. 主动语态（The active Voice）和被动语态 (The Passive Voice)英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。II. 被动语态的结构 （以下结构均请同学们观察后得出结论！）1）一般现在时I write a letter. A letter is written by me.My father fixes the cars on Sunday. The cars are fixed by my father on Sunday._ 2) 一般过去时They found a good idea. A good idea was found by them.We finished the homework easily. The homework was finished easily by us. _3)一般将来时Sue will sing a nice song for us. A nice song will be sung for us by Sue.They will return the book on time. The book will be returned on time by them.Lily is going to help us with English. We are going to be helped with English by Lily.I am going to visit the old peoples home. The old peoples home is going to be visited by me. 4)现在完成时Tony has interviewed the worker. The worker has been visited by Tony.They have built a new bridge. A new bridge has been built by them._5) 现在进行时I am washing dishes. Dishes are being washed by me.They are drinking wine together. Wine is being drunk by them. 6) 含有情态动词的被动语态We may plant trees in spring. Trees may be planted in spring.We must keep classroom clean. Classroom must be kept clean by us.Adults should allow teenagers to choose their own clothes.-Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes by adults. 主动语态变被动语态的步骤是：（1）将宾语变成主语（2）把谓语变成被动结构，时态跟原主动语态时态相符（3）原主语有必要留下，则用介词引导放在动词之后，将主格改为宾格，III. 被动语态的用法1、不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁时。Knives are made for cutting things. 刀是用来切割东西用的。Toms mother was saved. Tom的母亲得救了。2、汉语中“被”“受”“由”等词译成英语的常用语态She was praised for her excellent job. 这女孩因工作优秀受到表扬。IV 特殊形式的被动语态1)双宾语动词的被动语态e.g. They pass me some pictures. She offered me some hot water.They didnt bring me any food. We send her a letter. 类似的词还有give , buy, take , teach, write, tell etc.改变方法：He gave me a cake. They buy me a story book. 间接宾语 直接宾语 间接宾语 直接宾语 被动语态- I was given a cake by him -I am bought a storybook by them.注 意： 含有直接宾语和间接宾语时，一般把指 “人 ”的间接宾语变为主语，指“物”的直接宾语保留不动。被动语态- A cake was given to me by him. -A storybook is bought for me by them注 意：如果要将直接宾语（物）变为主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定的。 2)含有宾语补足语的动词的被动语态e.g. We keep food cold in the fridge. His mother found Tom a very good pupil.A girl saw my pen drop when she passed by. Father made me write all night.I saw David sitting on some eggs. They let her wash at home.类似的结构是： keep/find sth + adj/介短/名短 see/hear sb + do make sb + do see/hear sb+ doing改变方法： 宾语变为主语后，宾语补足语位置一般不变。 如果宾语补足语是不带to的动词不定式，句子变成被动语态后则要加to，以便将两个动词隔开。We keep food cold in the fridge. Food is kept cold in the fridge.His mother found Tom a very good pupil Tom was found a very good pupil by his mother. A girl saw my pen drop when she passed by. My pen was seen to drop by a girl whenFather made me write all night. _I saw David sitting on some eggs. David was seen sitting on some eggs.3) 不及物动词的被动语态不及物动词与其相应的介词构成的短语，可以相当于一个及物动词，也就可以用于被动语态了。使用时将整个短语看成一个动词。Someone turned off the light. The light was turned off (by someone).We can take good care of your child here. Your child can be taken good care of.People often laugh at him. _Exercise for the passive voiceI. Change the sentences into the passive ones.1. He should cut his hair. _2. He should stop wearing that silly earring. _3. We bought her a new bike._4. We dont play football here._5. People often see her read under that old apple tree._6. They will build a new bridge over that river._7. We have made a lot of progress._II. Choose the best answer.( )1. TV Plays_ once a month in this cinema.A. put on B. are put on C. was put on D. often put on( )2. The work _ at once.A. must do B. should be done C. is do D. does( )3. The bird_ fly away yesterday.A. let to B. is let to C. was let D. was let to( )4. Water _ into ice.A. will changed B. must be change C. should change D. can be changed( )5. Where_ rice _?A. does , grow B. will, grow C. is, growing D. is, grown( )6. A strange sound_ last night.A. was heard B. hears C. heard D. is heard( )7. The Great wall _ by visitors all over the world every year.A. are visited B. will be visited C. is visiting D. is visited( )8. Millions of trees_ in a few years time.A. will plant B. are planted C. planted D. will be planted( )9. A beautiful car_ her by her classmates.A. sent to B. will send to C. was sent to D. will be sent to( )10. A new bridge will_ across the river.A. be building B. be built C. buildIII. Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the words given.1. Rice_ (grow) in South China.2. A talk on the difference between British English and American English_(give) next month3. Jims room_(clean) now.4. These books should_(take) to the classroom.5. These buildings_(build) last year. 4