湖北省武汉市蔡甸区汉阳-中2021届高三英语下学期一模试题【含解析】

湖北省武汉市蔡甸区汉阳中2021届高三英语下学期一模试题（含解析）考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A.19. 15. B.9.18. C.9.15.答案是C。1. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In a telephone booth. B. In a clothes shop. C. In a post office.2. Why does the woman dislike the movie？A. Its too long. B. Its a foreign movie. C. Its too violent.3. How does the man learn about animals?A. By surfing the Internet. B. By reading a few books. C. By watching a TV program.4. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Husband and wife. B. Salesman and buyer. C. Customer and waiter.5. What does the man want the woman to get for him?A. Hard drinks. B. Mineral water. C. Some medicine.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. What will the woman do？A. Take up a new job. B. Have the man promoted. C. Start her own company.7. When did the man get a pay raise last time？A. Three years ago. B. Five years ago. C. Eight years ago.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8. Why did the man have an operation?A He took drugs mistakenly.B. He had a stomach problem.C. He felt painful all the time.9. How did the man feel shortly after the operation?A. Relieved. B. Puzzled. C. Uncomfortable.10. Where does the woman suggest the man go with her?A. To a hospital. B. To a restaurant. C. To a grocery store.听第8段材料，回答第II至13题。11. Whats the mans attitude towards the indoor wildlife center？A. Favorable. B. Ambiguous. C. Uninterested.12. What animal did the man fail to see?A. Sharks. B. Butterflies. C. Tree frogs.13. What is the woman eager to do?A. Go home and have a rest immediately. B. Read more about the wildlife animals.C. Visit the indoor wildlife center again.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14. Why does the man talk to the woman？A. To consult about an association.B. To invite her to act as a president.C. To ask for help with his school work.15. What year is the woman in?A. The first year. B. The second year. C. The fourth year.16. How much is the four-year membership fee?A10. B35 C4017. What is peer coaching?A.A challenging sport. B. An activity about study. C. An international conference.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18 What is the speaker volunteering as in the organization?A. A doctor. B. An engineer. C.A food expert.19. What is required to become a volunteer for MSF?A The ability to work independently. B. The skills of designing websites.C. The great interest in leading a team.20. What is the speakers purpose?A. To introduce a demanding position.B. To share her volunteering experience.C. To look for volunteers for an organization.第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AOpen Hearts Language Academy (OHLA) is proud to offer a comprehensive University Pathway Program, in which foreign students will automatically gain acceptance into several university programs throughout the United States. Each year countless OHLA students move on to Undergraduate and Graduate Degrees programs upon completion of our Advanced 2 level.Our dedicated team of experts prepares students to study at an American university or college. They guide students from their entry into the program to their final goal: successful progression to a university or college. Most universities and colleges have made agreements with OHLA. Completion of the Advanced 2 level in OHLA satisfies the English standard of the universities. No TOEFL or IELTS required!OHLA Admission Requirements:OHLA application form.English test certificate.Skype interview.Passport copy.Security deposit (押金) of $8,500 for Undergraduate or $6,000 for Graduate. High school students: High School Transcripts (成绩单)Diploma.College students: University Transcripts.Security deposit must be handed in and will be fully refunded at the beginning of the first term of University.OHLA University Placement Advisors help you:Choose the best program for you based on your goals and academic background.Apply to a university or college program.Receive a Conditional Acceptance Letter from the University (If applicable).If you want more, contact us: 305-379-4027.1. What is the main aim of OHLA?A. To organize some social programs.B. To push students to complete English study.C. To help students enter an American university.D. To guide foreigners to become American citizens.2. Who can apply for the program of OHLA?A. High school students in any grade.B. American freshmen in foreign countries.C. A Skype interviewer without a passport.D. College students with university transcripts.3. What is required for the applicants for OHLA?A. Passing TOEFL exam.B. English test certificate.C. Security deposit of $6,000.D. Completing Advanced 2 level.【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文。介绍了OHLA为有意在美国留学的外国学生，提供全套服务，帮助他们顺利入学的广告。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据原文“to offer a comprehensive University Pathway Program”（提供综合性“大学升学路径”服务）以及“They guide students from their entry into the program to their final goal: successful progression to a university or college.”（自进入项目之初到最后目标实现，他们始终指导学生,顺利升入大学或学院。）可知，此项目旨在帮助学生进入美国大学。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据原文“College students: University Transcripts.”（大学生：大学成绩单），即大学生如果想要申请该项目，需要有成绩单才可以。故选D项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据原文“OHLA Admission Requirements”名目下所列出的申请项目门槛标准，可以看到English test certificate（英语测试证明）是一个必须项。故选B项。【点睛】该大题的第三小题，很多考生会误选C项，即Security deposit of $6,000（6000美元的安全押金）。之所以不选该项，是因为原文“Security deposit of $8,500 for Undergraduate or $6,000 for Graduate.”阐述的是针对本科生（undergraduate）需要8500美元的安全押金，但对于研究生（graduate）则需6000美元的安全押金。而备选项C只是简单提到6000美元，没有描述定金所适用的具体人群，该项属于以偏概全，表意含糊，不能精确表述该项目所需要的入项条件，所以不选择C项。BChengdu, the capital of Sichuan province, has an ancient competition with Chongqing, a city to its south-east. Residents of Chongqing accused their Chengdu cousins of being pompous (自大的). The people of Chongqing were hotheads, Chengdu residents shot back. Both cities share a love of spice-laden Sichuan cuisine, which in recent decades has occupied Chinese dinner tables. But they are at war over which has the best Sichuan hotpota type of DIY-cooking that involves boiling vegetables and slices of meat with chillies and numbing peppercorns.A private museum in Chongqing, opened several years ago, makes the case for the Chongqing-style hotpot. It describes how it developed from a method used to make cheap offcuts of meat taste delicious. But Chengdu is playing catch-up. In January the city sold a plot of land on condition that the developer build a hotpot museum on part of it.The two cities are among many in China with their own styles of hotpot. Hotpot restaurants in China are more profitable than other kinds. Haidilao, a well-known Sichuan-based hotpot chain, raised nearly $1bn when it was listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (股票交易所) in September.Not all Chinese warm to hotpot. Some older Sichuanese refuse to be connected with it. They complain that it is causing overuse of chilli in other dishes that cover up the original genuine flavours. But Chengdus plans for a museum suggest that Sichuan hotpot is not only growing in popularity, but is also becoming symbolic. If it can set the West on fire, officials may hope it will become a delicious new source of Chinese soft power. There will be plenty of glory for both Chengdu and Chongqing to take pride in if that happens.4. Why are Chengdu and Chongqing competing with each other?A. Because Chengdu people think Chongqing people are pompous.B. Because Chengdu residents like to shoot back in battles.C. Because they both think they are better at eating spicy food.D. Because they both believe they have the best Sichuan hotpot.5. What is the purpose of building a hotpot museum in Chengdu?A. To compete with Chongqing.B. To advertise Sichuan cuisine.C. To show their love for hotpot.D. To keep the hotpot tradition.6. What can we infer about hotpot from the last paragraph?A. The two cities have competed only in recent decades.B. More hotpot museums will be built in the future.C. Hotpot is already a source of Chinese soft power.D. People hold a high expectation for hotpot culture.7. Which can be a suitable title for the text?A. Growing Popularity of Hotpot in Two CitiesB. Two Cities War Over Tastiest Sichuan HotpotC. “No Hotpot, No Happiness” True in Food BusinessD. Private Museum in Chongqing Opened First【答案】4. D 5. A 6. D 7. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章首段提到，两城就谁做的火锅最好的争论引出论题，随后结合事实：两城先后建立博物馆，相互竞争，最终归结到一点：火锅在国际上的受欢迎程度将会给两城人民带来荣耀，这是政府和人民的期望。【4题详解】细节理解题。结合题干关键词Chengdu and Chongqing competing with each other可以定位到第一段第一句。Chengdu, , has an ancient competition with Chongqing,根据第一段最后一句But they are at war over which has the best Sichuan hotpota type of DIY-cooking that involves boiling vegetables and slices of meat with chilies and numbing peppercorns. 但是双方还在为谁的火锅最好而争论不休。可知，他们两个城市争论的焦点在于“谁的火锅最好”，选项D符合题意。故选D项。【5题详解】推理判断题。结合题干关键词building a hotpot museum in Chengdu定位到文章的第二段最后两句But Chengdu is playing catch-up. In January the city sold a plot of land on condition that the developer build a hotpot museum on part of it. 但是成都正在迎头赶上。一月份成都卖了一块地，条件是开发商在里面建一座火锅博物馆。结合本段前两句A private museum in Chongqing, opened several years ago, makes the case for the Chongqing-style hotpot. It describes how it developed from a method used to make cheap offcuts of meat taste delicious. 几年前重庆开了一家私人博物馆，来证明重庆火锅的特色。博物馆展示了重庆火锅从便宜的边角肉片尝起来美味的发展过程。以及最后一段第一句：But Chengdus plans for a museum suggest that Sichuan hotpot is not only growing in popularity, but is also becoming symbolic. 但是成都的博物馆计划表明，四川火锅不仅越来越受欢迎，而且正变得具有象征意义。比较内容可以得出，重庆开了私人博物馆，来展示了重庆火锅从便宜的边角肉片尝起来美味的发展过程，证明重庆火锅的特色；成都卖了一块地，让开发商在里面建一座火锅博物馆，说明四川火锅不仅越来越受欢迎，而且正变得具有象征意义。此举动同样是两城在争斗上的一个表现。选项A符合题意。故选A项。【6题详解】推理判断题。理解最后一段内容：但是成都的博物馆计划表明，四川火锅不仅越来越受欢迎，而且正变得具有象征意义。 如果它能点燃西方人们的吃火锅的欲望，官员们可能希望它能成为中国软实力的一个诱人的新来源。 如果这种情况发生，成都和重庆都会有足够的荣耀值得骄傲。可以得出结论，火锅在国际上的受欢迎程度将会给两城人民带来荣耀，这是政府和人民的期望。选项D符合题意。故选D项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。文章首段提到，两城就谁做的火锅最好的争论引出论题，随后结合事实：两城先后建立博物馆，相互竞争，最终归结到一点：火锅在国际上的受欢迎程度将会给两城人民带来荣耀，这是政府和人民的期望。所以，文章的标题应该是：两城之争：谁做出了最好吃的四川火锅。选项B符合题意。故选B项。CWe always pay much attention to what we eat, but it turns out the timing of our meals is also important.Studies have shown that when calories get consumed later at night, the body tends to store them as fat rather than burn them as energy. And some studies done with animals found that food is processed by the body in different ways depending on what time of day its consumed. This might be because of physical activity, changes in body temperature, biochemical reactions and absorption and digestion of food. If youre trying to lose weight, you may want to consider eating dinner very early or making a late lunch your last meal of the day.In a 2018 study, researchers found that meal timing has an effect on human metabolism. They studied a small group of people carrying extra weight and found that those who ate their last meal by mid-afternoon had reduced daily hunger swings and increased fat burning at night.“Eating only during a much smaller window of time than people are typically used to may help with weight loss, specifically by increasing our bodys ability to burn fat and protein,” said Courtney Peterson, Ph. D. “We found that eating between 8 a.m. and 2 p.m. followed by an 18-hour daily fast burned more fat and kept appetite levels more even throughout the day, in comparison to eating between 8 a.m. and 12 hours later, which is average for Americans.”Petersons research found that eating in a shorter daily window 8 hours versus 12 hours and an earlier time both affect metabolism.Similarly, a 10-week study of “time-restricted feeding” looked at what happened to body fat when people limited their meals to a shorter window of time. Researchers found that people who ate breakfast 90 minutes later than usual and ate dinner 90 minutes earlier than usual lost more than twice as much body fat on average as those in the control group, who ate their meals as they normally would.Although this study is small, it has provided us with invaluable insight into how slight changes to our meal times can have benefits to our bodies.8. What decides the process of food in the body?A. The amount of food we eat.B. The way we swallow the food.C. The type of food we consume.D. The time when we eat the food.9. What is common in the US?A. Having an early breakfast.B. Having dinner before 8 p.m.C. Eating more fat and protein than others.D. Eating their last meal by mid-afternoon.10. What will happen if you shorten the time between breakfast and supper?A. You will get hungry easily.B. You will put on more weight.C. Your metabolism ability will decrease.D. More of your body fat will get burned.11. What can be the best title for the text?A. Ways to Lose WeightB. The Importance of MealsC. Meal Timing and Weight LossD. The Right Time to Lose Weight【答案】8. D 9. B 10. D 11. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现人们的用餐时间对人体的新陈代谢有影响，可能影响减肥的效果。研究人员指出在比通常习惯的更短的时间内进食可能有助于减肥，虽然这项研究规模不大，但它为我们提供了宝贵的见解，让我们了解到吃饭时间的细微变化对我们的身体有多么有益。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“And some studies done with animals found that food is processed by the body in different ways depending on what time of day its consumed.(一些用动物做的研究发现，身体以不同的方式处理食物，取决于一天的时间)”可知，进食的时间决定了食物在体内的处理方式，故选D。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中“We found that eating between 8 a.m. and 2 p.m. followed by an 18-hour daily fast burned more fat and kept appetite levels more even throughout the day, in comparison to eating between 8 a.m. and 12 hours later, which is average for Americans.(我们发现，在上午8点到下午2点之间吃东西，然后每天禁食18个小时，与美国人的平均水平上午8点到12小时之后吃东西相比，可以燃烧更多的脂肪，而且一整天的胃口也更稳定，并使全天的食欲水平更加均匀，这是美国人的平均水平)”可知，上午8点开始的12小时后是晚上8点，美国通常晚上8点前吃晚饭。故选B。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Similarly, a 10-week study of “time-restricted feeding” looked at what happened to body fat when people limited their meals to a shorter window of time. Researchers found that people who ate breakfast 90 minutes later than usual and ate dinner 90 minutes earlier than usual lost more than twice as much body fat on average as those in the control group, who ate their meals as they normally would.(类似地，一项为期10周的“限时进食”研究观察了当人们将进食时间限制在较短时间内时，体脂会发生什么变化。研究人员发现，早餐比平时晚90分钟、晚餐比平时早90分钟的人减去的体脂肪平均是正常饮食的对照组的两倍多)”可知，如果你缩短早餐和晚餐之间的时间，更多的身体脂肪会被燃烧。故选D。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段“In a 2018 study, researchers found that meal timing has an effect on human metabolism. They studied a small group of people carrying extra weight and found that those who ate their last meal by mid-afternoon had reduced daily hunger swings and increased fat burning at night.(在2018年的一项研究中，研究人员发现用餐时间对人体新陈代谢有影响。他们对一小群超重的人进行了研究，发现那些在下午三点左右吃完最后一餐的人，每天的饥饿波动减少了，夜间的脂肪燃烧增加了)”结合文章主要说明了研究发现人们的用餐时间对人体的新陈代谢有影响，可能影响减肥的效果。研究人员指出在比通常习惯的更短的时间内进食可能有助于减肥，虽然这项研究规模不大，但它为我们提供了宝贵的见解，让我们了解到吃饭时间的细微变化对我们的身体有多么有益。可知，C选项“进餐时间和减肥息息相关”最符合文章标题。故选C。DFor several decades, there has been an organized campaign intended to produce distrust in science, funded by those whose interests are threatened by the findings of modern science. In response, scientists have tended to stress the success of science. After all, scientists have been right about most things, from the structure of the universe to the relativity of time and space.Stressing successes isnt wrong, but for many people its not persuasive. An alternative answer to the question “Why trust science?” is that scientists use the so-called scientific method. But what is called the scientific method isnt what scientists actually do. Science is dynamic: new methods get invented; old ones get abandoned; and at any particular point, scientists can be found doing many different things. False theories sometimes lead to true results, so even if an experiment works, it doesnt prove that the theory it was designed to test is true.If there is no specific scientific method, then what is the basis for trust in science? The answer is the methods by which those claims are evaluated. A scientific claim is never accepted as true until it has gone through a long process of examination by fellow scientists. Scientists draft the initial version of a paper and then send it to colleagues for suggestions. Until this point, scientific feedback is typically fairly friendly. But the next step is different: the revised paper is submitted to a scientific journal, where things get a whole lot tougher. Editors deliberately send scientific papers to people who are not friends or colleagues of the authors, and the job of the reviewer is to find errors or other faults. We call this process “peer review” because the reviewers are scientific peersexperts in the same fieldbut they act in the role of a superior who has both the right and the responsibility to find fault. It is only after the reviewers and the editor are satisfied that any problems have been fixed that the paper will be printed in the journal and enters the body of “science.”Some people argue that we should not trust science because scientists are “always changing their minds.” While examples of truly settled science being overturned are far fewer than is sometimes claimed, they do exist. But the beauty of this scientific process is that science produces both creativity and stability. New observations, ideas, explanations and attempts to combine competing claims introduce creativity; transformative questioning leads to collective decisions and the stability of scientific knowledge. Scientists do change their minds in the face of new evidence, but this is a strength of science, not a weakness.12. Scientists stress the success of science in order to _.A. promote basic knowledge of scienceB. remind people of scientific achievementsC. remove possible doubts about scienceD. show their attitude towards the campaign13. What can we learn about the so-called scientific method?A. Its an easy job to prove its existence.B. It usually agrees with scientists ideas.C. It hardly gets mixed with false theories.D. It constantly changes and progresses.14. What can we learn about “peer” review?A. It seldom gives negative evaluation of a paper.B. It is usually conducted by unfriendly experts.C. It aims to perfect the paper to be published.D. It happens at the beginning of the evaluation process.15. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph implies that _.A. it is not uncommon for science to be overturnedB. scientists are very strong in changing their mindsC. people lose faith in those changeable scientistsD. changes bring creativity and stability to science【答案】12. C 13. D 14. C 15. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。因为科学和科学方法的变动，某些组织企图煽动人们怀疑科学。而文章用科学的成功来进行反驳，并指出科学论文的发表是非常严苛的，而且正是科学的改变为科学带来了创新和相对稳定性。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中For several decades, there has been an organized campaign intended to produce distrust in science, funded by those whose interests are threatened by the findings of modem science. In response, scientists have tended to stress the success of science.(几十年来，一个有组织的运动旨在让人们怀疑科学，该组织由那些利益受到现代科学威胁的人资助。作为回应，科学家强调科学的成功)可推测，科学家强调科学的成功使为了消除人们对科学的怀疑。故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段的Science is dynamic: new methods get invented; old ones get abandoned; and at any particular point, scientists can be found doing many different things.(科学是动态的：新的方法被发明，旧的被遗弃，在任何一个特定的时间都可以发现科学家们在做着不同的事情)可知科学的本质是动态的，它是一直变化的，而不是一成不变。D. It constantly changes and progresses.(它在不断变化和进步)符合以上说法，故选D项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中We call this process “peer review” because the reviewers are scientific peersexperts in the same fieldbut they act in the role of