教育专题：虚拟语气一

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二层,第三层,第四层,第五层,*,Subjunctive Mood,虚拟语气,1.,英语动词有三种语气，,陈述语气,，,祈使语气,和,虚拟语气,。,2.,定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。,虚拟语气的特点,1.,虚拟语气用以表示,假定，想象，愿望,等非事实的观念。,2.,虚拟条件从句中的条件是假设的，因此主句的结论也只能是想象的，非事实的。,3.,这些特点决定了它必须使用,不同于真实句,的动词形式。,一：虚拟语气在条件状语 从句中的用法。,条件从句,If,从句的谓语形式,主句的谓语形式,现在,过去,将来,一般过去时,过去完成时,would/could/should/might+V.,（,原）,would/could/should/might+have+p.p.,1.,一般过去时,2,.were to do,3.should+V,原,would/could/should/might+V,原,1.If I,had,HIV,I,would know,because I would feel sick.,2.If I,were,you,I,would give,AIDS patient a hug.,3.If I,had taken,your advice,I,wouldnt have made,a mistake.,4.If he,had been,there,it,wouldnt have happened.,（与现在事实相反）,（与过去事实相反）,5.If it,should rain,tomorrow,they,wouldnt go,for an outing.,6.I think we,could do,it,if we,planned,it properly and could borrow the tools.,7.If we,were to have,three days off,we,would enjoy,a very happy life.,(,与将来事实相反,),二：虚拟语气特殊句型：,wish,宾语从句,从句动作先于主句动作发生：,从句动作与主句动作同时发生：,将来不大可能实现的愿望：,过去时（,were,）,过去完成时,would/could/,might+V,should,I wish I were a bird.,I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.,3.We wish our parents wouldnt punish us.,从句动作先于主句动作发生,从句动作与主句动作同时发生,将来不大可能实现的愿望,3.as if/though+Clause,虚拟,从句动作与主句动作同时发生,过去时,过去完成时,He looks as if he,were,drunk.,They talked as if they,had been,friends for years,.,She loves the baby as if it,were,her own son.,It seems as if it,were,spring.,I remembered the whole thing as if it,had happened,yesterday.,从句动作先于主句动作发生,2.,不接虚拟语气,的用法，表示,可能或真实,的 情形。,It looks as if I,am,going to be busy.,It looks as though it,is,going to rain.,4.Its(about/high)time+(that),should+,V,.,过去时,你该走了。,我们该去睡觉了。,Its time that you went.,Its time that you should go.,Its time that we went to bed.,Its time that we should go to bed.,(Should,不可省略,),5.,表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。,宾语从句。常见动词：一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即,:,1.insist 2.order,command,3.advise,suggest,propose,4.demand,require,request,desire,这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气。即从句中的动词 使用,should+,动词原形，或者将,should,省略。,我们建议,Tom,去休息一下。,他坚决要求我到场。,国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。,他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。,We suggested that Tom,(should),have,a rest.,He insisted that I,(should)be,present.,The king ordered that the prisoners,(should),be killed,the next day.,They requested that we,(should)send,them to work there.,以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括,主语从句,，,表语从句,和,同位语从句,也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。,即：,(should),V.,order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire,Its suggested that the plan,be carried out,.,My demand is that she,should come,to see me once a week.,All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory,should be,closed down.,insist/suggest,不接虚拟,的用法,1.She insisted that she,was,right.,她,坚持认为,自己是对的。（坚持事实）,His uncle insists that he,should,not,stay in the hotel.,他的叔叔,坚持要求,他不要待在旅馆,里。,2.The look on his face,suggested,that he,was,unhappy.,I suggested that the teachers wages,(,should)be,increased.,8.,Its necessary/strange/natural/important+that-Clause,从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（,should,）,+,动词原形,It is important that we,(should)master,a foreign language.,It is strange that she,refuse,to come to the party.,Its necessary that we,should study,hard.,三：虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：,1.,假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，这种条件句叫做,混合条件句,。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。,(“,各归各,”的原则）,If the weather had been finer,the crops would be growing better.,If you had followed the teachers advice,you wouldnt be in the hospital.,过去,现在,2.,虚拟条件句倒装,。条件从句中有,should,，,were,，,had,三个助动词可以把,if,省略，并将这三个词提至句首。,If I were you,I would give it up.,Were I you,I would give it up.,If it were not for your advice,we couldnt have got over the difficulties.,Were it not for your advice,we couldnt have got over the difficulties.,If I had had time,I would have run round the lake again.,Had I had time,I would have run round the lake again.,If there should be a flood,what should we do?,Should there be a flood,what should we do?,Subjunctive,mood,Exercises for,the,1.When a stick is partly in a glass of water,it looks as though it_.,A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been,broken,2.“Are you going to the ball tonight?”“Its too late now.How I wish,about it earlier!”,A.Ill know B.Ive known C.I know D.Id known,3.The guard of the meeting insisted that everybody,the rules.,A.obeys B.obey C.will obey D.would obey,4.“Jacks been ill for some weeks.”“I know.I wish,see a doctor.”,A.he should B.he can C.hell D.he could,C,D,B,D,5.“You should have gone to the cinema with us yesterday.The film was very good.”“I wish I,yesterday off.Id have gone with you.”,A.have had B.had C.have D.had had,6.It is time that we,this practice.,A.stop B.stopped C.will stop D.have stopped,7.I wish I,as healthy as my cousin.,A.were B.am C.was D.will be,8.The two strangers talked as if they,friends for years.,A.have been B.are C.were D.had been,D,B,A,D,The End,Thanks for your cooperation!,2.,would rather(that),现在：,过去：,将来：,I would rather you,paid,me now.,I would rather you,had gone,too.,Dont come.I would rather you,came,tomorrow.,过去时,过去时,过去完成时,6.without,和,but for,构成虚拟,.but for(,要不是,),Without sunlight,peoples life would be different from today.,But for your help,I wouldnt have finished the work.,Withou