法律英语的文体特征

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,法律英语的文体特点,法律英语,法律英语是,指,指普通法国,家,家以普通英,语,语为基础，,在,在立法和司,法,法过程中逐,渐,渐形成的、,具,具有规约性,的,的语言变体,。,。它包括规,范,范性法律文,件,件用语以及,法,法律工作者,在,在执法过程,中,中使用的一,整,整套规范化,的,的法律公务,用,用语,。,法律英语的,文,文体特点,准确性,accuracy,严谨性,conscientiousness,庄重性,decency,不宜使用修,辞,辞手法和文,学,学笔调,inappropriate to userhetorical devicesand literary tone,词汇特点,选词庄重、,正,正式,choose ofwordssolemn,formal,古语、借词,较,较多,archaismsand loanwords are more,术语繁多,manyterms,近义词成对,使,使用,synonyms in pairs,情态动词使,用,用频率高,modalverbs ofhighfrequency,指代明确,referspecifically,名词性短语,居,居多,mostly noun phrases,选词庄重、,正,正式,ThisLaw is,enacted,for the purposeof protectingthe legitimaterights andinterestsof the partiesto contracts,maintaining,the socio-economic orderand,promoting,the socialist modernization.,enact-make,maintain-keep,promote-speedup,为了保护合,同,同当事人的,合,合法权益，,维,维护社会经,济,济秩序，促,进,进社会主义,现,现代化建设,，,，制定本法,。,。,词汇特点,古语、借词,较,较多,古语,hereby-bythismeans,herein-inthis,hereof-ofor concerning this,hereto-tothis,hereinafter-after this,thereafter-after that,accordingly,whereby-through,bythat,借词,拉丁语：,in personam,对人的，属,人,人的，,in rem,对物的,法语：,bar,律师界,suit,案件,plaintiff,原告,indictment,起诉，,jury,陪审团,词汇特点,术语繁多,plaintiff,原告,defendant,被告,appellant,上诉方,appellee,被上诉方,prosecutor,公诉人,opinion,判决书,jury,陪审团,词汇特点,近义词成对,使,使用,rights andinterests,权,权益,termsandconditions,条,条款,complete and final understanding全部和,最,最终的理解,customs fees and duties关税,lossof and damage to灭失和损,坏,坏,nulland void无效,signand issue签,发,发,furnish and provide提,供,供,rulesandregulations规章,lastwilland testament遗嘱,as and when当的,时,时候,上述成对近,义,义词以作为,习,习惯用语使,用,用，这些词,组,组都表示固,定,定的意义，,用,用于写作和,翻,翻译时不能,随,随便拆开。,词汇特点,情态动词使,用,用频率高,应当shall,must,shall比must语气强,ThepresentCharter,shall,be ratifiedby the signatorystatesin accordance with theirrespectiveconstitutional processes.,本宪章的,批,批准应当,按,按照签署,国,国各自宪,法,法程序进,行,行。,Theinsurance must be issuedirrespective ofpercentage.,保险不得,按,按百分比,支,支付。,不得，禁,止,止shallnot,may not，前者,语,语气强于,后,后者,Theprovisions of this Article,shall not,apply totheoperation of aircraft in the transit,but shallapply to the air transit ofgoods.,本条款不,适,适用于过,境,境营运的,飞,飞机的规,定,定，但应,适,适用于过,境,境的航空,货,货物。,As ageneralrule,atreaty,maynot,impose obligations or conferrightson thirdpartieswithouttheir consent.,作为一般,规,规则，条,约,约不得在,未,未经第三,方,方同意的,情,情况下，,为,为其设定,义,义务或授,予,予权利。,可以may,In ordertooffset or prevent dumping,acontractingparty,may,levyonanydumped product an anti-dumping dutynotgreaterin amount than the margin ofdumpinginrespectof suchproduct.,为了抵消,或,或防止倾,销,销，一缔,约,约国对倾,销,销产品征,收,收的反倾,销,销税的幅,度,度不能比,的,的上述倾,销,销产品的,利,利润高。,词汇特点,指代明确,由于人称,代,代词常表,示,示作者的,主,主观性并,且,且容易造,成,成混淆，,为,为了确切,说,说明“谁,”,”、“什,么,么”的概,念,念，法律,英,英语中往,往,往宁可重,复,复使用名,词,词也不用,代,代词。,Theseller shallnotbeheldresponsibleforanydelay in delivery or non-delivery of the goodsdueto ForceMajeure.However,the seller shalladvise the buyerimmediatelyofsuchoccurrenceandwithin fourteendaysthereafter,shall sendby airmail to the buyera certificate issuedbythecompetent governmentauthoritiesoftheplace wheretheaccidenthasoccurred asevidence thereof.Undersuch circumstancestheseller,however,isstill undertheobligation to take all necessarymeasures tohastenthedeliveryofthegoods.In case the accidentlasts for more than10 weeks,the buyershall have the righttocancel thiscontract.,由于不可,抗,抗力而卖,方,方交货延,迟,迟或不能,交,交货时，,责,责任不在,卖,卖方。但,卖,卖方应立,即,即将情况,电,电告买方,，,，并于事,故,故发生后14日内,将,将事故发,生,生地政府,主,主管机关,签,签发的事,故,故证明书,用,用空邮快,件,件寄交买,方,方为证，,并,并取得买,方,方认可。,在,在上述情,况,况下，卖,方,方仍有义,务,务采取一,切,切必要措,施,施从速交,货,货的责任,。,。如果事,故,故持续超,过,过十个星,期,期，买方,有,有权撤销,本,本合同。,该合同条,款,款中没有,使,使用一个,指,指示代词,或,或不定代,词,词，而是,重,重复所指,的,的名词。,法律英语,中,中常用the said或thesame,加,加上一个,名,名词来指,代,代前面提,到,到的名词,，,，可译为,“,“上述的,”,”，“该,”,”。,If any disagreementarises,thesaid,treaty shallbeapplied.,如有争议,，,，可适用,该,该条约。,No one may engage insecuritiesbusinesswithoutoutapproval of,thesame,authority.,未经国务,院,院证券监,督,督管理机,构,构批准，,不,不得经营,证,证券业务,。,。,it 在,法,法律英语,中,中除用作,形,形式主语,，,，形式宾,语,语外，一,般,般少用。,We havedeemed,it,moreexpeditioustohavethepartiesinadvanceof the trail.,我们认为,在,在审判之,前,前让双方,交,交换各自,要,要求的书,面,面文件。,词汇特点,名词性短,语,语居多,用名词主,语,语或宾语,的,的中心词,，,，便于使,用,用丰富的,限,限定和修,饰,饰成分，,相,相比之下,，,，动词词,组,组无论在,使,使用数量,和,和结构的,复,复杂性程,度,度上都不,及,及名词词,组,组。在法,律,律英语中,，,，名词和,名,名词性词,组,组的频繁,使,使用满足,了,了法律英,语,语的严密,性,性要求,Nothing,contained inthepresentChartershall authorizetheUnitedNationsto intervenein,matters,which are essentially withinthedomestic,jurisdiction,of any stateorshall require the Members tosubmitsuchmatterstosettlement underthepresentCharter;but this principleshall not prejudicetheapplicationofenforcementmeasuresunder Chapter VII.,本宪章不,得,得认为授,权,权联合国,干,干涉在本,质,质上属于,任,任何国家,国,国内管辖,之,之事件，,且,且并不要,求,求会员国,将,将该项事,件,件依本宪,章,章提请解,决,决；但此,项,项原则不,妨,妨碍第七,章,章内执行,办,办法之适,用,用。,句子特点,结构完整structural integrity,陈述句为,基,基本句式declarativesentenceasthebasic sentence patterns,长句较多longsentences are more,使用被动,句,句theuseofpassivesentences,使用列条,法,法和平行,结,结构the use of,enumerativeapproachandparallel structure,使用插入,语,语theuseofparenthesis,结构完整,“Invention”in the Patent Law meansanynewtechnical solution relatingto aproduct,aprocessor an improvement thereof.“UtilityModel”in the PatentLawmeans any new techn