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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,我们将分别按,文体、体裁,和,话题,等多角度进行分类指导与模拟训练。,分类导练,图表类,图表包括表示数量大小或数量之间差异的条形图或柱状图,(bar chart),，显示数据变化的曲线图,(graph),，以圆内扇形的大小表示各部分所占比例的饼形图,(pie chart),。图表作文实际上是要求考生将图表中的数据、图形转换成文字，并就图表中所反映的情况作出分析或发表议论。,写作技巧,1.,读取信息：,写作前我们必须仔细读图，掌握图表上提供的信息及每一栏上面的小标题的标注，由此弄清设计者想通过图表反映出的信息、问题或现象。,2.,处理信息：,在掌握全部信息的基础上进行分析与对比，然后考虑文章的布局、段落的划分，以及上下文的连贯等。,3.,文章结构：,Part 1: General idea(conclusion/ tendency) (,图表反映的问题或总体趋势,),Part 2:,Facts,(to support the idea) (,具体数据或事实,),Part 3: Reasons (,原因分析,),Part 4: Solutionsor personal opinion/suggestions (if needed)(,解决问题的办法或建议,),在写作时，不一定包括这四个部分，要根据写作要求或具体情况而定。,4.,叙述数据时要避免过多重复使用百分比，可以用约数、倍数等来表达。,强调“少”可用,only (,只有,),，,as little as(,少到,),等，强调“多”可用,as many/much as (,多达,),。,常用词语,常用词语,1.,表示上升的动词：,rise,上升，,go up,上升，,climb,上涨，,rocket,迅速上升，,soar,猛涨，,shot up,猛涨,2.,表示下降的动词：,go down,下降，,fall,下跌，,drop,下降，,decline,下降,3.,表示升降的名词：,rise,上升，,fall,下跌，,drop,下降，,decline,下降,4.,表增减的动词或名词：,increase,增加，,decrease,减少，,double,增加一倍,5.,表示增减或升降前后的数额：,from to ,从,增加到,/,减少到,；,to (,涨,/,降,/,上升,/,下降,),到,6.,表示增减或升降的具体程度：,by,7.,表示增减或升降急缓的副词：,slowly,慢慢地，,slightly,轻微地，,quickly,迅速地，,steadily,稳步地，,sharply,急剧地，,dramatically,显著地，,remarkably,显著地,8.,表示增减或升降急缓的形容词：,slow,缓慢的，,slight,轻微的，,quick,迅速的，,steady,稳定的，,sharp,急剧的，,remarkable,显著的,9.,表示上涨或下跌趋势的名词,：,upward trend,上涨趋势，,downward trend,下跌趋势,10.,表示数量保持不变的动词：,remain,依然是，,stay,11.,表示约数的表达方式：,most (of),多数，,few (of),少数，,only,只有，,as many /much as,多达，倍数、比较级,12.,其他相关表达式：,account for 30% of the total,占总量的,30%,，,at the same rate,以相同的速率，,average,平均的，,annual,每年的，,the figure,数字，,number,数字，,amount,数量，,percentage,百分比,常用句式,开头常用套语,1. From the graph/table/diagram/chart above, we can see obviously that the population of China is increasing fast.,从以上表格中我们可以明显地看出，中国人口在高速增长。,2. As can been seen from the table (=As we can see clearly from the table), great changes have been taking place in the habit of eating in our country.,正如能够从图表中所看到的，我国的饮食习惯正在发生巨大的变化。,3. As is shown by the graph, there has been a rapid increase in the population of the country in the past five years.,正如曲线所示，最近,5,年来该国人口飞速增长。,4. From the statistics given in the table, it can be seen that the average personal income of the Chinese people increased (grew /rose) rapidly from 1978 to 2008.,从表中所给的统计数字可以看出，从,1978,年到,2008,年中国的人均收入迅速提高。,5. According to the figures given by the graph, the Chinese farmers personal income rose steadily from 1980 to 2008.,根据表中所给的数字，自,1980,年至,2008,年中国农民的个人收入稳步增长。,6. It can be concluded from the graph that there has been a great decline in birth rates in China in the past five years.,从曲线图可以得出结论，最近,5,年来中国人口的出生率已经大大下降。,7. The graph shows/indicates that,图表显示,/,表明,数据说明常用套语,1. Sales increased by 8.3% compared with the same period last year, to a record $106.3 billion.,和去年同期相比，其销售额上涨,8.3%,，达到,1063,亿美元，创历史新高。,2. As is shown by the graph, in 1985 their income doubled, amounting to 540,yuan,.,如表中所示，他们的收入在,1985,年翻了一翻，总计为,540,元。,3. From 1979-1991 in Canada, the real price of cigarettes increased by 159% and teenage smoking fell from 42% to 16%.,从,1979,年到,1991,年间，加拿大的香烟实际价格增长了,159,，在青少年中吸烟率从,42,降低到,16,。,4. The minority people in this city account for 30% of the total population.,在这个城市少数民族占城市总人口的,30%,。,5. The grain production (= output) in our area now is three times as great as that of 1990.,现在我们地区的粮食产量相当于,1990,年的,3,倍。,6. The number of students has reached 500, indicating a rise of 20%, compared to last semester.,学生人数达到,500,人，与上个学期相比上升了,20%,。,7. Women make up about 46 percent of Britains 376,000 millionaires.,在英国,37,万,6,千位百万富翁中，女性约占,46%,。,原因说明常用套语,1. There are two reasons that account for this phenomenon.,有两个原因可以解释这样一种现象。,2. A number of factors could account for (contribute to /lead to /result in) the change (success /increase).,许多因素可以说明,/,导致,/,引起这个变化,/,成功,/,增长。,3. 25 percent of the increase in oil prices is strictly due to the fact that the dollars gone down by 25 percent, because oil all over the world is priced in dollars.,由于美元贬值了,25%,直接导致了石油价格上升了,25%,，因为全球范围内的石油是以美元定价的。,4. Firstly/ First of all/ To begin with, . Secondly, . Besides/ In addition/ Furthermore/ Moreover,. Finally/ Last but not least/,.,首先,其次,还有,最后,5. The reason for. is that.,的原因是,1. We can draw the conclusion that ,我们可以得出,2. From the changes in the charts, we can predict that,从图表的变化来看，我们可以预计,3. Personally /in my opinion /as far as Im concerned /as for me /on my personal note / from my point of view,依我之见,结尾的常用套语,模拟练析,1.,大学生度暑假方式的变化,下列两个图表显示了在过去的,10,年间大学生过暑假的方式变化。,社会调查,9%,旅游,16%,其他,20%,在家,55%,社会调,查,28%,在家,32%,旅游,30%,其他,10%,写作内容,请根据这两个图表，用英语写一篇短文，内容包括：,1.,描述图表中变化明显的项目；,2.,简要分析变化的原因；,3.,由表格内容得出的结论。,写作要求,只能使用,5,个句子表达全部内容。,As can be seen from the two charts, in the past ten years, the college students who go traveling and make social investigation during summer vacation have increased greatly while those who stay at home have decreased a lot.,There are two maim reasons for the changes. For one thing, with the development of economy, many people have become rich, which makes it possible for students to get financial support from,their parents for traveling. And for another,the government has been encouraging college students to make social investigation on the rapid development in both cities and villages.,From the changes in the charts, we can predict that more and more college students will make their summer vacation colorful and meaningful by going to the outside world instead of staying at home.,2.,市民休闲方式调查,上周，你市的一家报社对国庆长假期间市民的休闲方式进行了一项调查。以下调查结果的百分比情况。,原因分析：,1.,大多数市民觉得物价太高，生活大力大，没有太多的钱出游。,2.,一部分市民认为国庆期间游客太多，太拥挤。,3.,一部分市民则认为，可利用国庆放假好好地休息一下，以放松自己。,写作内容,1.,调查进行的地点、时间和内容。,2.,休闲方式的百分比情况。,3.,原因分析。,A survey was carried out by an evening post in our city among the citizens on how they spent their last national holidays. The survey indicates that 40% of the interviewees preferred to stay home, 30% chose to take a short trip while another 30% took the choice of a long journey. The reason for such a situation is that most citizens hold the view that they dont have too much extra money for tour due to high,living expenses and pressures in their lives. Meanwhile, a portion of the citizens think that most of the places of interest are usually over crowded during the national holidays. However, some others believe that it is the right time for them to take a good rest and relax themselves during the holidays.,3.,高三学生体育锻炼调查报告,最近你对你们学校高三学生的体育锻炼情况做了一次调查，结果如下：,70%,的同学坚持体育锻炼,30%,同学基本上不锻炼,1.,一种放松；,2.,有利于学习。,1.,时间；,2.,运动受伤或过度疲劳会影响学习。,坚持锻炼的同学主要参加以下体育活动,:,写作内容,根据以上调查结果，写,篇短文，包括以下内容：,1.,有多大比例的同学认为不锻炼好及其理由；,2.,有多大比例的同学认为要进行体育锻炼及其理由；,3.,坚持锻炼的同学主要参加的体育活动项目。,30,% students questioned say they think it better not to have physical exercise. They believe theres no time to spare for sports for Senior 3 students and it will have a bad effect on study if the student gets hurt or too tired in it. While 70% students think we should do necessary physical exercise. They hold the view that it is a good relaxation and will surely do good to our study. Half of them stick to running every day, and others prefer to play basketball, table tennis, badminton or do something else.,4.,导致交通事故的因素调查,假如你假期社会实践活动做了一次交通事故调查，你的调查数据,67%,4%,4%,4%,24%,Human factors (95%),Vehicle factors (8%),Road environment,factors (28%),写作内容,请根据以上图表所提供的信息，用英语写一份调查报告,内容包括：,1.,导致交通事故的因素；,2.,其中一种或几种因素都可能导致交通事故；,3.,说明人为因素是导致交通事故的主要原因。,Road traffic accidents are caused by a number of factors which can be grouped into three categories: human factors, vehicle factors and road environment factors. One factor alone or several factors together can cause an accident. However, human actions are by far the greatest causes of car accidents. The diagram shows that human factors are involved in 95% of all accidents. Although other factors are also involved in 28% of these accidents, in 67% of cases, human factors alone are the cause of the accidents.,5.,上大学是否是中学生的唯一出路的讨论,假如,你们班就“上大学是高中生唯一的出路吗,?,”,进行了讨论，其结果如下：,写作内容,请根据图表写一篇短文，内容包括：,1.,想上大学的人数比例与理由，如增长学识，,提高素养，利于择业。,2.,不想上大学的人数比例与理由，如学费高，,就业难。,3.,认为上不上大学无所谓的人，认为成功的路不只一条。,写作要求,只能使用,5,个句子表达全部内容。开头句已给出，但不计入总句数。,(,编者按：凡是已给开头或开头和结尾都已给出的，均不计入总句数内，以下与此相同者省略,),参考词汇：,tuition,学费,qualities,素养,Is It The Only Way Out To Go To College?,We had a discussion about whether it is the only way out for senior students to go to college,.,Views vary from person to person.,Is it the only choice to go to college?,We had a discussion about whether it is the only way out for senior students to go to college,.,Views vary from person to person.,The majority of us consider it very necessary to go to college, for they think that it can widen their knowledge and improve their qualities, and that only in this way can they find better jobs after graduation. Very few students, about ten percent of the students, think it no use going university, because the tuition is too high for their family to afford.,Whats more, its rather hard for college graduates to seek satisfactory jobs. Thirty percent of the students, however, believe “All roads lead to Rome”, and therefore, it doesnt make any difference whether they go to college or not.,In my opinion, we can receive a better education at college so that we can make greater contribution to our country.,6.,中国某市住房的产权变化,以下图表反映了中国某大城市住房产权的变化：,写作内容,请以“,Changes in the Ownership of House”,为题，为校报写一篇短文。内容包括：,1.,根据图示描述该市住房产权的变化；,2.,分析产生这些变化的原因；,3.,说明这些变化对个人和社会产生的影响。,Ownership of Houses in a Big City in China,As can be seen from the chart, ownership of houses in a big city in China changed in the past ten years.,Ownership of Houses in a Big City in China,As can be seen from the chart, ownership of houses in a big city in China changed in the past ten years.,In 1995, 75 percent of the houses were state-owned, and five years later, the rate of state-owned houses to private ones was 3 to 2. But from then on, the ownership of houses changed so rapidly that 80 percent of houses have been private so far.,The chief reason for this great change is that, from 1995 up to now, the peoples living standards have been improving, so most of them can afford to buy the houses. Besides, some people do not save a lot of money in the bank for their children because they want to have their own home and enjoy life.,Such changes have had a great effect on the development of society, which does good to both the citizens and the government.,7.,高中生英语阅读兴趣调查,受某英文报的委托，你最近就英语阅读兴趣以访谈的方式对某市,10,所高中的,1000,名学生进行了调查，调查结果如下表所示：,写作内容,1.,调查的问题与对象；,2.,调查的具体内容；,3.,描述调查的结果。,Recently, we did a survey among 1000 senior middle school students from ten schools on their reading interests. They were asked which they liked reading most among the four categories of English articles, news, stories, popular science articles and articles about learning methods.,Reading Interests of Senior Middle School Students,The survey shows that more than half of the students like to read news most, and twenty-six percent of them say that English stories are their favorite. Only seven percent of the students are most interested in reading articles about learning methods. However, the number of students who enjoy reading popular science articles doubles that of those who prefer reading articles about learning methods.,8.,中学生所喜爱的节日调查,最近我国的教育专家对我国中学生所喜爱的节日进行了一项调查，北京、成都等地的,1000,多名中学生接受了调查。结果表明，,80,以上的学生对春节等我国的传统节日知晓，,50,的学生最喜爱春节，其它情况如下图所示。,请根据以上内容，为学校广播站写一篇英文发言稿。,Recently some Chinese educational experts did a survey to find out which festivals are the most favorite ones among middle school students. More than 1,000 students from Beijing and,Chengdu,participated in the activity. The result shows that over 80% of the students are familiar with our classical festivals. About 50% of the students choose the Spring Festival as their most favorite. Next come Christmas Day, Fathers and Mothers Day and Mid-autumn Day, with 20%, 10% and about 8% respectively.,9.,简介某市教育发展情况,以下是你所在市的历年在校学生数目表：,教育高速发展影响要素,第一，经济快速发展，奠定了基础。,第二，政府鼓励教育教育发展。,第三，家长重视。,9.,简介某市教育发展情况,以下是你所在市的历年在校学生数目表：,写作内容,假设你在政府部门见习，你要向几位到访的外国客人介绍你所在城市的教育发展情况。 在介绍前，你先写一篇短文作准备，内容包括：,1.,描述你市历年在校学生人数；,2.,分析教育高速发展的原因。,参考词汇：,打基础,lay foundation,改革开放,reform and opening up,As we can see from the chart, our citys education is developing very fast. There were only about one thousand people when New China was founded in 1949, and ten thousand in 1978, while the number reached eighty thousand in 2007.,Several factors have contributed to the quick development. Firstly, the rapid development of economy in our city, especially during the thirty years of reform and opening up, has laid a sound foundation. Secondly, the government has been trying hard to encourage the development of education, and thirdly, most people have begun to realize the importance of education.,goodbye,
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