加强科技创新引领畜牧未来

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,加强科技创新,引领畜牧未来,Strengthen the Innovation of Science and Technology,Drive the prosperous future of Animal Science,时建忠,中国农业科学院畜牧研究所,Jianzhong Shi,Director of Institute of Animal Science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100094,China,目 录,中国畜牧科技现状,畜牧科技面临的挑战和任务,畜牧科技发展方向和重点,Contents,Current situation of animal science and technology in China,Challenge and responsibility of animal science and technology,Future direction and priority of animal science and technology,畜牧业在中国有悠久的历史，早在新石器时代，人们就开始驯养猪、鸡、狗，但发展一直很慢。1949年后，特别是改革开放20多年来，中国畜牧业快速发展，取得了举世瞩目的成就。1980年以来，世界肉类增量的50%,禽蛋增量的70%来自中国。2005年中国畜牧业总产值达到13000亿元，占农业总产值的35%，农民增收的40%来自畜牧业的收入。畜牧业已成为 国民经济的重要组成部分。,History of Chinas animal husbandry,Began with the Neolithic Age with low growth rate,Experienced a rapid development since 1949,especially through year 1978 to 1998.,Becoming an independent industry and an important sector in the national economy.,By 2005,the animal husbandry value accounted for 35%of gross agricultural value.,“科学技术是第一生产力”。中国畜牧业的快速发展，科学技术发挥了重要的作用，“畜禽水产养殖技术”被中国工程院评为20世纪最伟大的科技成果之一，与两弹一星相提并论。技术进步对中国畜牧业经济增长的贡献率50%,。,Science and technology take great role in the rapid development of Chinas animal husbandry.,Science and Technology Progress,contributes 50%to the animal husbandry economic growth.,Animal husbandry techniques including were highlighted as one of the greatest Sci-tech achievements of 1990s.,1 中国畜牧科技现状,1.1 建立了一支适应畜牧生产需要，中央、地方并举，科 研、教学、企业结合的科技队伍和科研机构,畜牧科技工作随畜牧业的发展而发展，畜牧科技史就是畜牧业的发展史。,1,Situation of animal science and technology in China,1.1 Powerful Institution and Research staff for Animal husbandry,Central government,Local government,Scientific research,Education,industr,y,Integration,历史回顾,1904：成立北洋马医学堂，改良马和培养兽医,1906：成立中央农事实验场，开展畜牧科研工作,1912：设立第一、二、三种畜饲养场，开展种畜改良工作。,1931：成立中央农业实验所畜牧兽医系,1933：中央种畜场,1934:中央农业实验所，设兽医系,1941：中央畜牧实验所,1948：东北行政委员会农林处家畜防疫所,1957：中国农业科学院畜牧研究所,Historical review,1904:,Viceroys Horse Hospital Medical School,1906:National central Agricultural Farm,1912:The first three Breeding Stock Farm,1931:Department of animal and veterinary science of the general institute of China Agricultural Research,1933:The general breeding farm,1941:The general institute of animal Science,1957:Institute of Animal Science,CAAS,1.1.1机构与人员,中国畜牧科研资源集中分布于各类研究与开发机构、企业和高等院校。2001年全国地市级以上（含地市级）具有法人地位的国有独立的畜牧科研机构125个，其中部（局）属9个，省属60个，地（市属）56个。从业人员8145人。,全国各类大专院校有畜牧科研机构70个，人员1226人，是畜牧科研又一支主要力量。,1.1.1 Organization and staff members,125 regional and provincial independent institutes of animal science and 8145 staff,70 research departments within universities and colleges and 1226 staff,1.1.2.经费,经费主要来源于政府财政拨款和非财政拨款。,2001年科技经费投入4.89亿元，其中政府拨款3.06亿元，占总经费的62.46%。,1.1.2 Funding Support,Government support and non-Government source,In 2001,489 million yuan(RMB)was input to Sci-Tch research,among which there are 62.46%came from government side,1.1.3.科技计划,畜牧科技计划有20多个，涉及科技部、农业部、财政部、发展计划与改革委员会、教育部、国家自然基金委员会等国家多个部委。地方政府也设立了多项科技计划.,主要科技计划有：“973”、“863”、”948”、“国家自然科学基金”、“社会公益性研究”、“科技攻关”、“国家科技资源平台建设”、“科技成果转化”、“跨越计划”、“结构调整专项”、“农业高新技术示范工程”等。,1.1.3 Sci-Tech Plans,More than 20 specific Animal Sci-Tech Plans,sponsored made by MOST,MOA,MOF,NDRF,MOE,NNSFC,etc,Major Sci-Tech Plans are 973,863,948,NNSF,Public benefit and service,National Sci-Tech project,etc,1.2 取得了大批科技成果，展现中国畜牧科技实力,1949年以来，全国累计取得畜牧类重要科技成果2000 多项,其中获省部级以上奖励的重大科技成果1100余项。中国美利奴羊、瘦肉型猪品种的培育,马传贫、猪瘟、口蹄疫、禽流感等疫苗的研制和动物血吸虫病的控制，畜禽饲料营养价值评定和饲养标准的建立等方面成绩显著。,1.2,Fruitful animal Sci-Tech achievements,More than 2000 items of animal Sci-Tech achievements throughout China since 1949,among which 1100 items were awarded at ministry level.,China has the priority in the following areas:,Fine breeds,like China Merino Sheep and lean-type pig breeds,Effective animal epidemic disease,Control System,Feed and Feeing standard and evaluation system,1.2.1,畜,禽,禽,遗,遗,传,传,资,资,源,源,1.2.1.1,资,资,源,源,调,调,查,查,50,年,年,代,代,：,：,开,开,始,始,畜,畜,禽,禽,品,品,种,种,资,资,源,源,调,调,查,查,。,。,1976年,：,：开展全国,大,大规模畜禽,品,品种资源调,查,查，历时九,年,年。基本摸,请,请了全国大,部,部地区的品,种,种资源状况,，,，出版了中,国,国猪、牛、,羊,羊、家禽、,马,马驴五部品,种,种志，各省,还,还分别编辑,出,出版了地方,品,品种志。,1995年,：,：对西南、,西,西北部的偏,远,远地区进行,了,了畜禽品种,资,资源补充调,查,查，历时4,年,年，发现了79个新遗,传,传资源群体,。,。,1.2.1Animal genetic resources,1.2.1.1 Identification and investigation,1950s,small scale investigation ofanimal breeds,1976-1985,finishedediting China swine,bovine,sheep,poultry and horse breedsbased onthe national scale investigation ofanimal breeds,1995-1999,79 new geneticaccessions were discovered insouth-west andnorth-west area.,根据历次品,种,种资源调查,及,及“国家,畜,畜禽品种审,定,定委员会”,的,的审核，到2001,年,年中国畜禽,遗,遗传资源有20个物种,，,，576个,品,品种和类群,，,，其中地方,品,品种（类群,）,）为426,个,个，培育品,种,种有73个,，,，引进品种,有,有77个,By 2001,Chinahas,:,Morethan20 domestic animal species and576cultivars,426 Localbreeds,73 cultivate breeds,77 imported breeds,1.2.1.2 保护,和,和利用,开展了畜禽,遗,遗传资源保,护,护方法与技,术,术的研究，,建,建立了活体,（,（原地和异,地,地）、胚胎,、,、细胞、基,因,因保存多种,形,形式并存的,较,较为完善的,保,保存体系。,微卫星等分,子,子遗传标记,的,的应用为猪,、,、鸡、牛、,羊,羊等品种的,起,起源与进化,研,研究及遗传,多,多样性的保,护,护提供