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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,College English Grammar:,Grammar and Writing,1,Unit 2,Basic parts of a sentence(II),Grammar:,1.,Object and complement,2,Basic sentence structures,Writing:,Correcting:,Run-on Sentence,Rewriting:,The importance of the subject,2,Object and complement,Generally,verbs can be put into two:linking verbs and action verbs.Both of them require a word to complete their meaning.We can call such a word,complement,.The complement of a linking verb is called a,predicative,or a,subject complement,which describes or renames the subject.For example:,My favorite playwright is,William Shakespeare,.,Mark Twain became,a pilot,on a steamboat.,She felt,uneasy,in the crowd.,3,The complement of an action verb is called an,object,.Subject is the doer of the action,and the object is the receiver of the action.,The old man caught,a big fish,.,Her husband frequently beat,her,.,My uncle eventually gave up,smoking,.,4,Sometimes action verbs have two different objects:direct object and indirect object.,Direct object,is the receiver of the action while an,indirect object,is the receiver of the direct object.For instance,：,Harry bought his son a new school-bag.,Usually,a preposition“to”or“for”can be put in front of the indirect object.For example,1.The old man left his daughter a large house.,(The old man left a large house,for,his daughter.),2.Jim presented his girl friend a bunch of flowers.,(Jim presented a bunch of flowers,to,his girl friend.),5,Adverbials,indicates time,place,manner,and reasons.They answer questions such as when,where,how and why.Adverbials can be adverbs,prepositional phrases,or adverbial clauses.,As a rule,a long adverbial are placed at the end of a sentence,while short adverbials are flexible to locate:at the beginning,in the middle or at the end may be all right.For instance,1.The train will arrive,next morning,.,2.He,carefully,drove his car,to the station,.,3.,Very soon,she knew the full story.,6,Exercises 1:,Combine the sentences in each set into a single clear sentence.Omit words that are needlessly repeated,but dont leave out any important details.Keep in mind that many combinations are possible,and theres no single correct one.,The man handed a photo of a girl.The photo was to me.He did that silently.The man was old.The girl was pretty.,The old man silently handed a photo of a pretty girl to me.,It was the first time in his life.He became a boss.He was proud.He owned a book-store.,He proudly became a boss of a book-store for the first time in his life.,7,We have moved into a house.We did that recently The house was new.It had single-storied.,We have moved into a new single-storied house recently.,4.It occurred a short while ago.My brother helped me.We carried a bookcase up the stairs.The bookcase was very heavy.,A short while ago,my brother helped me carry a very heavy bookcase up the stairs.,5.The firemen have put out a forest fire.The firemen did that at last.The fire was big.The fire broke out in California.,At last the firemen have put out a big forest fire in California.,8,Basic sentence structures,Structure 1:,S-P,The S-P sentence structure is made up of a noun,pronoun,or,other,nominal,as the subject of the sentence and an,intransitive,verb,or verb phrase as the predicate.,Dead dog dont bite.,Money talks.,Structure 2:,S-IV-C,The words acting as a predicative may be a prepositional phrase to show the place of the subject,or a noun to identify or rename the subject,or an adjective to indicate the state of the subject.,Speech is the picture of mind.,The firemen are inside the building.,9,Structure 3:,S-P-O,The verb acting as a predicate in the S-P-O sentence structure is a,transitive verb,which may take a direct object or both a direct object and an indirect object.,Poverty tries friends.,The Liberian handed me a Spanish dictionary.,Structure 4:,S-P-O-A,The words acting as an adverbial can be adverbs,prepositional phrases,or adverbial clauses,providing information about time,place,manner,and reasons.,You never miss the water till the well runs dry.,No man can make a good coat with bad cloth.,Structure 5:,S-P-O-OC,Different from an indirect object which is the receiver of the direct object,an object complement is to complete the meaning of the direct object.The words acting as an object complement can be nouns,adjectives or prepositional phrases.,The villagers found their bedrooms ankle-deep in water.,The friendly mood makes us comfortable.,10,Exercises 2:,Combine the sentences,I felt pleased with my bargainMy pleasure was especial.My bargain was wonderful.,I felt especially pleased with my wonderful bargain.,People find this sort of joke.These people are foreign.This sort of joke are distasteful.,Foreign people find this sort of joke distasteful.,Advertising exerts an influence.The influence is subtle.The influence is on children.,Advertising exerts a subtle influence on children.,11,I was being tested.The test was for a driving license.It was the third time.,I was
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