汉高——前处理培训资料

Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Kevin LIU/10/99,*,汉高表,面,面技术,汽 车,，,，家,电,电 磷,化,化,工,工 艺,前 处,理,理,技,技 术,和,和,应,应,用,用,上海汉,高,高表面,技,技术有,限,限公司,1,1876FoundationofHenkel KGaA,1914/1915Foundation of ParkerChemicalandAmchem Products,1929EstablishmentofP3-department/industrialcleaners,1952First productrangefor water treatment,1955Acquisition of CollardinGmbH withconversioncoatings,1975Cuttingliquidsformetalmachining,1980Acquisition of AmchemProductsInc.,USA,1981-1986Acquirelicensees of AmcheminScandinavia,Belgium,Austria,Switzerland,Latin America,Austrlia,1987Acquisition of ParkerChemicalsCo.,USA,1988HenkelTecnimetal ColognebecomesthecompetencecenterinEurope forconversion coatings,1988Merger ofParker andAmchem,1990Formationof HenkelMetalChemicals,1991Acquisition ofH鋜tol,Magdeburg(cuttingandforming oils),Acquisition ofParker+Amchemlicenceesin UK andItaly,1995Acquisition ofTeroson,Heidelberg,1996Integration ofHenkel TerosonAutomotive,1997Acquisition ofNovamax,USA,1997Formationof HenkelSurface Technologies,汉高表面技,术,术的发展历,程,程,2,汉高表面技,术,术,汉高表面技,术,术：,Parker Amchem,Novamax,Teroson,Diversified Technologies Inc.(DTI),Thiem,处于世界领,导,导地位的汉,高,高表面技术,：,：,金属/,塑,塑料的前处,理,理工艺,粘合剂,和,和密封胶,润滑油,自泳漆,特殊化,学,学品,化学品,管,管理程序,3,质 量 先,导,导,九五年年底,通,通过ISO9002,二000年,通,通过QS9000,4,前处理线,汽,汽车工业,集 液 沟,供 水,油 水 分,离,离 器,压 滤 机,排水 沟,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,5,过滤器或,淤,淤泥清理机,5,前处理典型,工,工艺,工位时间温度压,力,力,1。喷淋预,脱,脱脂13分钟50651.5-3bar,2。脱脂13分,钟,钟50651.5-3 bar,3。脱脂13分,钟,钟50651.5-3 bar,4。喷淋水,洗,洗0.51分钟,常,常温1.5-2.5 bar,5。浸渍水,洗,洗1分,钟,钟常温1-2 bar,6。表调1分钟,常,常温1-2 bar,7。磷化3分钟4055(0.8-1.2bar),8。喷淋水,洗,洗0.5分钟常,温,温1-2bar,9。浸渍水,洗,洗1分,钟,钟常温1-2 bar,10。纯水,洗,洗(钝化)1分钟,常,常温1-2 bar,11。新鲜,纯,纯水喷淋0.5分钟,常,常温0.5-1.5bar,6,污 物 的,种,种 类,及,及 来 源,金属加工,电镀和酸洗(金属盐，,铁,铁粉末),轧制和预润,滑,滑油(脂肪,酸,酸，蜡),金属氧化物,表面碳粉(,退,退火处理),CRS的碳,化,化物,冲压和装配环境和运输,平板清洗,冷,冷凝和,金,金属氧化,冲压润滑油/拉伸液,运,运输油,和,和热处理,操作,防,防锈油,焊接，焊接,剂,剂，铜焊,研磨，擦洗,，,，金属污物,粘合剂和密,封,封胶,金属记号笔,印,印,7,脱脂剂的组,成,成,无机盐和碱,分散作用，,对,对已脱去的,油,油污部分乳,化,化,碱,高,高的pH值,皂化作用,硅酸盐,改,改善负荷,能,能力，在表,面,面能形成,硅酸盐膜，,有,有缓蚀作用,磷酸盐,除,除去色料,，,，形成磷酸,盐,盐膜,硼酸盐,铝,铝材的清,洗,洗,碳酸盐,稳,稳定pH,值,值，弱碱性,产,产品中的主,要,要,碱性成分,有机成分,8,脱脂剂的组,成,成,无机盐和碱,有机成分,消泡剂,缓蚀剂,络合剂,表面活,性,性剂阴离子,表,表面活性剂,CH,3,(CH,2,),n,-CH,2,-SO,3,-,Na,+,非离子表,面,面活性剂,CH,3,(CH,2,),n,-CH,2,-(OCH,2,CH,2,),10,-OH,阳离子,表,表面活性剂,CH,3,+,CH,3,-(CH,2,),10,-CH,2,-N-CH,3,CL,-,CH,3,9,表面活性剂,的,的“卷裹,”,”机理,亲水基,表面活性剂分子,憎水基,活性剂,分子束,含油污垢,工件表面,油污脱离,卷裹,10,影响清洗效,果,果的因素,化学品,机械作用,处理温度,处理时间,处理方法,(浸渍，喷,淋,淋),处理时间,槽液污染程,度,度,清洗剂的种,类,类,浓度,处理稳定,基,材和污染物,11,泡沫问题,引起泡沫的,因,因素：,温度,阴离子,乳,乳化剂的带,入,入,喷淋压,力,力,非离子,乳,乳化剂的带,入,入,非离子,型,型消泡剂的,分,分解,(例如：油,水,水分离器，,离,离心分离器),12,表调剂对磷,化,化的影响,无表调的磷,化,化膜,经过表调的,磷,磷化膜,放大倍率：400 X,13,磷化膜的晶,貌,貌,14,不同汽车板,材,材的磷化晶,貌,貌,800 X,EG,HDG,CRS,15,磷 化 反,应,应 机,理,理,(一),微阴极,钢板,FeFe,2+,+2e,微阳极,2H,+,+2eH,2,扩散层,磷化液,Fe,2+,Zn(H,2,PO,4,),2,16,锌磷化的反,应,应机理,(二),阴极区域：,Fe,Fe,2+,+2e,阳极区域：,2H+2e,H,2,or,O+H,2,O+2e2(OH),成膜反应：,H,3,PO,4,+Zn(H,2,PO,4,),2,+Fe(H,2,PO,4,),2,+Fe,Zn,3,(PO,4,),2,+Zn,2,Fe(PO,4,),2,+ZnHPO,4,+FePO,4,磷化膜：,Zn,3,(PO,4,),2,;Zn,2,Fe(PO,4,),2,(4份水),磷化渣：,ZnHPO,4,;FePO,4,Zn,2+,+2ZnPO,4,-,Zn,3,(PO,4,),2,(Hopeite),Fe,2+,+2ZnPO,4,-,Zn,2,Fe(PO,4,),2,(Phosphophylite),喷淋：反,应,应1反,应,应2；浸,渍,渍：反应2反应1,17,铁磷化反,应,应机理,(三),铁磷化反,应,应平衡：,6Fe+8NaH,2,PO,4,+3/2O,2,+3H,2,O ,4FePO,4,+2Fe(OH),3,+6H,2,+4Na,2,HPO,4,铁磷化膜,的,的主要成,分,分：,Fe,3,(PO,4,),2,*8H,2,O,Fe,3,O,4,其它化合,物,物,18,磷化液的,成,成分,阳离子,:,Zinc,(Zn,2+,),Nickel,(Ni,2+,),Manganese(Mn,2+,),Calcium(Ca,2+,),Magnesium(Mg,2+,),Copper(Cu,2+,),Iron(Fe,2+,),Cobalt(Co,2+,),19,磷化液的,组,组成,阴离子,:,Phosphat(PO,4,3-,),Nitrate(NO,3,-,),Sulfate(SO,4,2+,),Chloride(Cl,-,),Citrate,Tartrate,Fluoride(F,-,),ComplexFluoride(SiF,6,2-,),20,磷化液的,组,组成,促进剂,:,Nitrate(NO,3,-,),Nitrite(NO,2,-,),Chlorate(ClO,3,-,),Hydrogenperoxide(H,2,O,2,),Nitro benzene sulfonate,Hydroxylammoniumsulfate(NH,3,OH),2,SO,4,Hydroxylamine(NH,2,OH),21,促进剂的,作,作用机理,氢气的去,极,极化,防止在工,件,件表面形,成,成阻碍磷,化,化膜生成,的,的氢气泡,，,，,使磷化膜,均,均匀，致,密,密,。,Fe,2+,的氧化,Fe,2+,被氧化成Fe,3+,，然后形,成,成磷化渣,被,被除去。,22,磷化工艺,对,对膜重的,影,影响,Total acid,总酸,Freeacid,游离酸,Acidratio,酸比,Accelerator,促进剂,Phosphate/Nitrate ratio,磷酸根/,硝,硝酸根的,比,比,Temperature,温度,Treatment time,处理时间,Activation,表调作用,影响因素,：,：,23,磷化液中,的,的有害离,子,子,Aluminium,铝,铝,Lead,铅,铅,Chrome(Cr,3+,/Cr,6+,)铬,Tin,锡,锡,Molybdenum,钼,钼,Arsenic,砷,砷,24,油漆对磷,化,化膜的要,求,求,均匀，细,小,小的磷化,膜,膜,封闭，致,密,密的磷化,层,层,无挂灰和,二,二次磷化,层,层,柔软性,耐腐蚀性,25,磷化槽液,的,的分析,分析项目,：,Freeacid,游,游离酸,Total acid,总,总酸,Accelerator(e.g.Nitrite)促,进,进剂,Zinc,锌,锌离子Manganese,锰,锰离,子,子Nickel,镍,镍离子Iron,铁,铁离,子,子,Fluoride(Aluminium),氟,氟离,子,子(铝,离,离子),26,磷,化,化,膜,膜,性,性,能,能,项,目,目基,准,准,值,值,试,试,验,验,方,方,法,法,1,。,。,外,外,观,观,：,：,平,平,整,整,，,，,均,均,匀,匀,，,，,致,致,密,密,目,目,视,视,2,。,。,膜,膜,重,重,：,：2.5-3.5g/m,2,GB6807-86,3,。,。,结,结,晶,晶,形,形,状,状,：,：,颗,颗,粒,粒,状,状,电,电,镜,镜1000,倍,倍,4,。,。P,比,比,：,：85%X,射,射,线,线,衍,衍,射,射,法,法,5,。,。,结,结,晶,晶,粒,粒,度,度,：,：4mmDINISO1520,8,。,。,石,石,击,击,试,试,验,验,：,：1,2P-VW3.17.1,9,。,。,划,划,格,格,试,试,验,验,：,：Gt.0DIN53151,10,。,。,盐,盐,雾,雾,试,试,验,验,：,：(240hr),无,无,锈,锈,，,，,不,不,起,起,泡,泡DIN50021ss,11,。,。30,循,循,环,环,：,：2mmDIN53167,12,。,。,湿,湿,热,热,试,试,验,验,：,：,无,无,锈,锈,，,，,不,不,起,起,泡,泡DIN50017sk,13,。,。,化,化,学,学,品,品,理,理,论,论,消,消,耗,耗,量,量,：,：,Ridoline5-10g/m2,F