工作危害分析Job_hazard_analysis

Click to modify the style of the text,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,*,Click to modify the style of the title,The world leader in industrial and medical gases,Conducting An Effective,JobHazard Analysis,Anintroductiontothe “Five StepProcess”ofJob HazardAnalysis(JHA),1,HouseKeeping,Registration&Sign In,Smoking,Restrooms,ClassSchedule- Breaks,2,Welcome!,Introductions,Name,Position, JobTitle,Tell us about yourself,What do youknow about JobHazardAnalysis(JHAs)?,3,Goals,Giventheinformationand exercisesinthis workshop,youwillbeable to:,Explain to otherswhyJHAsare important,Recognizehow theJHAcan be avaluableplanning, production, profitandsafety tool.,Know thefive-stepprocessandcompleteaJHA,4,Form Teams,Electa teamleader,Selectaspokesperson,Everyoneisa recorder,Let,sgettowork!,5,JHAKey Terms,WhatsaJob?,WhatsaHazard?,Whats anexposure?,Whatis Analysis?,6,Activity,Workers intheir first year with their employer accountformorethan50% of disabling claims.,Why?,( list three possible explanations),7,JSA Purpose,EffectiveJHAshelptheemployer recognize and controlhazards and exposures intheworkplace.,How mightthe employeesperceptionof a,“,“hazard”differ from that oftheemployer or supervisor?,8,Activity,Why is a JHA more effective than walk-aroundinspections inreducing accidents in theworkplace?,9,Probability,Probability isdefined as: the chance that agiven event will occur.,10,Probability,We can determine thesafety probabilitybasedon the following:,The,number,of employees exposed;,The,frequency,and,duration,of exposure;,The,proximity,of employees tothe,danger zone;,11,Probability,We can determine thesafety probabilitybasedon the following:,Factors which require work under,stress,;,Lackof proper,training,and,supervision,or,improper workplace design,; or,Otherfactors whichmay significantly influence the degreeof probabilityof anaccident occurring.,12,Probability Rating,The probabilityrating is:,Low -,If the factorsconsideredindicateitwouldbe,unlikely,thatan accident could occur;,Medium -,If the factorsconsideredindicateit wouldbe,likely,thatan accident could occur;or,High-,If the factorsconsideredindicateit wouldbe,verylikely,thatan accident could occur.,13,Severity,The degreeof injuryor illness which isreasonably predictable.,14,Severity,The severity isbased onthe following schedule:,OtherThanSerious,- Conditions that couldcauseinjury or illnessto employees but would not includeserious physical harm.(first aidforexample),Serious Physical Harm,- (example: all recordableinjuries and illnesses),Death,15,Decision MakingMatrix,4,16,Activity,Picking Apples:,Thereare20 workerspicking apples.,The orchard ismadeup of400trees.,The workers arepaidbased onhow much each one ofthempicks.,Well-maintainedequipmentis provided but there isno training.The owneror the foremanwillbe inthegeneral area most ofthetime.,17,Activity,18,JHA Step 1,StepOne -Watch theworkbeing done,Whatare some effective methods towatchtheworkbeingdone?,19,JHA Step 1,StepOne -Watch theworkbeing done,Why is itimportantto involvetheemployee?,20,JHA Step 2,StepTwo -Break thejobdownintosteps,Step1,Step2,Step3,Step4,21,JHA Step 3,StepThree- Describe thehazards in each step ofthe task.,One of theprimary purposes oftheJHA is tomakethe job safer.,The informationgatheredin this step will bevaluablein helpingto eliminate and/orreduce hazardsassociated with thejob,andimprove the system weaknessesthatproduced them.,22,Identifying types ofhazards,Acceleration,: When wespeed upor slow down too quickly,Toxic,: Toxic to skin andinternalorgans.,Radiation,:,Non-ionizing,- burns,Ionizing,- destroystissue.,23,Identifying types ofhazards,Ergonomics,: Eight risk factors,1.,HighFrequency;,2.,HighDuration;,3.,HighForce;,4.,Posture;,5.,Pointof Operation;,6.,MechanicalPressure;,7.,Vibration;,8.,Environmental Exposure.,24,Identifying types ofhazards,Pressure,: Increased pressure inhydraulicand pneumatic systems.,Mechanical,: Pinch points, sharp pointsand edges,weight, rotating parts,stability,ejected partsand materials,impact.,Flammability/Fire,: Inorder forcombustion totakeplace, thefuelandoxidizer must be presentin gaseous form.,25,Identifying types ofhazards,Biological,: Primarily airborne andblood borne viruses.,Violence In TheWorkplace:,Any violent actthatoccurs intheworkplaceand creates a hostileworkenvironment that affectsemployeesphysicalor psychological well-being.,26,Identifying types ofhazards,Explosives,: Explosions resultin largeamounts ofgas,heat, noise, lightand over-pressure.,ElectricalContact,: Inadequate insulation,broken electrical linesor equipment, lightning strike, static discharge etc.,Chemical Reactions,: Chemical reactions canbe violent, can cause explosions,dispersionof materials and emission ofheat.,27,Accident Types,Struck-by,:,A person is forcefully struckby anobject. The force of contactis provided bythe object.,Struck-against,:,A person forcefullystrikes anobject. The personprovides the force or energy.,Contact-by,:,Contact bya substance ormaterialthat,by its very nature,is harmful andcauses injury.,28,Accident Types,Contact-with:,A person comesin contactwitha harmfulsubstanceor material.The personinitiatesthecontact.,Caught-on:,A person or part ofhis/her clothing orequipmentis caughton anobject that iseither movingor stationary.Thismaycausetheperson tolosehis/her balanceandfall,be pulledintoa machine, orsuffer some other harm.,Caught-in:,A person or part ofhim/her istrapped,or otherwise caughtin anopening or enclosure.,29,Accident Types,Caught-between:,A person is crushed,pinched or otherwise caught between a movinganda stationary object,or between twomoving objects.,Fall-to-surface:,A person slipsor trips and falls to thesurface he/sheis standing orwalking on.,Fall-to-below:,A person slipsor trips and falls to a levelbelowtheone he/shewaswalking orstandingon.,30,Accident Types,Over-exertion:,A person over-extends orstrains himself/herself whileperformingwork.,Bodily reaction:,Caused solely from stressimposed by free movementof the body orassumption ofa strainedor unnatural body position.A leadingsource ofinjury.,Over-exposure:,Overaperiodoftime,apersonisexposedtoharmfulenergy(noise,heat),lackofenergy(cold),orsubstances(toxicchemicals/atmospheres).,31,JHAStep4,StepFour,ControlMeasures.,Itisnowtimetoidentifythedesiredcontrolmeasuresforeachhazard.,32,TheHierarchyofControls,Engineeringcontrols.,Managementcontrols.,PersonalProtectiveEquipment(PPE).,33,EngineeringControls,Consistofsubstitution,isolation,ventilation,andequipmentmodification.,Thesecontrolsfocusonthesourceofthehazard,unlikeothertypesofcontrolsthatgenerallyfocusontheemployeeexposedtothehazard.,Thebasicconceptbehindengineeringcontrolsisthat,totheextentfeasible,theworkenvironmentandthejobitselfshouldbedesignedtoeliminatehazardsorreduceexposuretohazards,34,ManagementControls,Managementcontrolsmayresultinareductionofexposurethroughsuchmethodsaschangingworkhabits,improvingsanitationandhygienepractices,ormakingotherchangesinthewaytheemployeeperformsthejob.,35,PersonalProtectiveEquipment,Whenexposuretohazardscannotbeengineeredcompletelyoutofnormaloperationsormaintenancework,andwhensafeworkpracticesandadministrativecontrolscannotprovidesufficientadditionalprotectionfromexposure,personalprotectiveclothingand/orequipmentmayberequired.,36,JHAStep5,StepFive-SafeOperatingProcedure,The,“,“SafeOperatingProcedure,”,”isthelastpageoftheJHA.ItisanarrativeorwrittensummaryoftheJHAworksheets.Notethattherearethreesections:,37,?,AnyQuestions,38,演讲,完,完毕,，,，谢,谢,谢观,看,看！,