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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit 15 A Little Cloud,一朵浮云,by James Joyce,1.About the author,He was an Irish novelist and poet,1882 born in Dublin,1888 6 boarding school,1893-97 Belvedere College,1903 mother died,1904 left with Nora,Born into a declining Irish middle class family,1941,年,1,月,10,日，因腹部痉挛住院，查明系十二指肠溃疡穿孔，十三日凌晨去世，享年,59,岁。十五日葬于苏黎世的弗林贴隆坟地。,伦敦泰晤士报,刊载了一篇对乔伊斯缺乏理解的悼文。,TS,艾略特,立即写文章表示抗议，并在,地平线,杂志三月号上发表,告鱼书,一文，进一步反击。维吉尼亚,沃尔夫接到讣告，感慨系之（她于同年,3,月,28,日也自杀身死）。,JAMES JOYCE,JAMES JOYCE,乔伊斯在作品中所表现出来的对民族对国家的热爱，深深感动着爱尔兰人民。而爱尔兰人是这么崇拜乔伊斯的，甚至把,尤利西斯,中描写主人公利奥波德,布鲁姆一天全部活动的,六月十六日,定为“,布鲁姆日,”，该节日后来成为了仅次于国庆日（三月十七日圣巴特里克节）的大节日,At age 6,1888,Bust of James Joyce in Dublin,His literary passions included such world masters as,Dante,Flaubert,（福楼拜）,Ibsen,（易卜生）,and,Tolstoy,（托尔斯泰）,and his first essay on Ibsen,published when he was a student at the University of Dublin,won the admiration of the aging Norwegian playwright himself.,2.His Main Works,The Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man,一个青年艺术家的自画像,(,1916)took 10 years and 3 thorough revisions to finish,Ulysses,尤利西斯,(1922)10 years for conception and 8 years for execution,and,Finnegans Wake,芬尼根的守灵夜,(1939)a whole of 16 years.,His first important work is,Dubliners,都柏林人,（,1907).,主要作品是短篇小说集,都柏林人,（,1914,）描写下层市民的日常生活，显示社会环境对人的理想和希望的毁灭。乔伊斯的文学生涯也是始于他,1904,年开始创作的短篇小说集,都柏林人,。在写给出版商理查兹的一封信中，他明确地表述了这本书的创作原则：“我的宗旨是要为我国的道德和精神史写下自己的一章。”这实际上也成了他一生文学追求的目标。在乔伊斯眼中，处于大英帝国和天主教会双重压迫和钳制下的爱尔兰是一个不可救药的国家，而都柏林则是它“瘫痪的中心”，在这个城市里每时每地都上演着麻木、苦闷、沦落的一幕幕活剧。自传体小说,青年艺术家的自画像,（,1916,）以大量内心独白描述人物心理及其周围世界。代表作长篇小说,尤利西斯,（,1922,）表现现代社会中人的孤独与悲观。后期作品长篇小说,芬尼根的守灵夜,（,1939,）借用梦境表达对人类的存在和命运的终极思考，语言极为晦涩难懂。,3.About the Text,Questions:,1.Who are the main characters?,2.What are the feathers of them?,3.Whats their relationship between each other?,4.Why does Little Chandler admire and envy Gallaher?Do you think Gallaher is a successful journalist?,Thecharacters,LittleChandler,and,IgnatiusGallagher,Themaincharacterofthestoryisintroducedinthefirstlineslike,LittleChandler,notonlyfor,h,isstature,thatisslightlyundertheaverage,butbecausehegivesone“theideaofbeingalittleman”.Thoughnotexceptionallyshort,hehassmallhands,afragileframeandaquietvoice;besideshehasrefinedhairandmoustache,perfectnailsandwhiteteethlikeachilds.OncemoreinDubliners,descriptionsarefunctionaltosymbolismandJoycedepictsChandlersphysicalaspectingreatdetailtorevealcertaininnerqualities.,ThomasChandler,isa,thirty,two,year,old,Irishmanbutheisimmature.Everythingabouthimis,“,little,”,includinghiswhitehandsonwiththeir,“,perfecthalf,moons,”,andhecomesacrosstothereaderasbeingaslimyperson,oneofthosewhoaretypicalfailuresinlife.Heworksas,aclerk,andhasvaguepoeticaspirations,butthedemandsofordinarylifemakethatdreamimpossible.Hespendshistimeintheofficewatchingpeopleoutsidethewindowandthinkingofthemelancholyoflife;hewitnessestotheworldbecauseheisntabletolivehisownlifeinagoodmanner,trappedandparalyzedasheis.,LittleChandler,feelsdisillusionedandheknows“,howuselessitwastostruggleagainstfortune”,infacthisentrapmentismorethangeographical;itderivesnotonlyfromhislivinginDublin,butwholeIrelandformsakindofmentalcageforhim.Hedoesnthaveevenspirittorevealhispoetictendencytohiswifeandalthoughheisseizedbythedesiretoreadsomethingtoher,“hisshynesshadalwaysheldhimback”.,Gallaher,Atthebeginningofthetale,Chandlerisflatteredtohavesuchafriend,andevenifherecognizeshisinferiorityincomparisontoIgnatius,hefeelsonlyadmirationforhim,withoutanybadfeelings.Sittingathisdesk,hethinksofthechangesduringthose,eightyears,:“,thefriendwhomhehadknownunderashabbyandnecessitousguisehadbecomeabrilliantfigureontheLondonPress,”.Whatabouthimself?HelivesstillinDublin,hehadalwayslivedthere,andhisfarthestjourneywastotheIsleofMan,significantlya“little”island.Sofar,hehasbuiltaprisonaroundhim,consistingofhisunsatisfactoryjobandboringmarriedlife,while,onthecontrary,Gallagherstillhasa“,vagrantandtriumphantlife,”,madeupofactivesociallife,journeysandcharmingexcitingencounters.,“wild”,Settings:,1).,EverydayDublin,ofLittleChandlerslifeisacityofwhichisgivenanimageofdecrepitude,decayandextremeshabbiness:eventhegoldenlightofsunsetcantembellishit.Wereadof“verminlikelife”and“gauntspectralmansions”wherelostmemoriesofthepastnolongersurvive.Thechildrenplayalongdirtystreets“crawl”and“squat”likemiceuponthethresholdsofthepoorhouses.,2).,TheofficeinKingsInns,whereLittleChandlerhasbeenworkingforeightyearsisbrieflyhintedat.ThereLittleChandlercarriesouta“tiresomewriting”,anunsatisfactoryjobwhichmakeshimsadandmelancholy.Hehasnofriendsthereonlyfellow-clerks.Inthatsituationhefeelsaloser,aprisonerofparalysis.Theonlyfleetingjoyistheendofworkday.ObviouslythesettingoftheofficerepresentstheparalysisthatLittleChandlerfeels.,3).Whenthescenesmovestothe,luxuriouscosmopolitanbar,whereheistomeethisfriend,weplungeintoaquitedifferentworld.LittleChandlerhasneverdaredtoenterCorlesssbefore.Itisaplaceforwomengoddess-likerichlydressedandtheatre-goerswhoareservedoystersandliqueursbywaitersspeakingforeignlanguages.Itisasymbolofaneasygo
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