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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,The lives of the people in downton abbey are a glory of ritual and grandeur.A ballet of strange manners and stiff formality.The aristocrats of edwardian,E,ngland and their servants lived by a very odd set of rules,a world away from the way we behave today.But to them,these manners were the way they lived their life,.M,anners came into everything,how,yo,u dressed,how,yo,u ate,how,yo,u stood,how,yo,u spoke,every detail mattered.It said who,yo,u were and where,yo,u belonged.Where y,o,u from above stairs or below?These were the rules for life at the time of,D,ownton,A,bbey.They were a secret code that tells u,s,everything about,E,dwardian,B,ritain.,The manners of,D,ownton,A,bbey are not just about how to address a duchess or which knife and fork to pick up.The body language was very restrained.For example,It,s not polite to sort of slouch or put,yo,ur hands all over.There was also a hierarchy downstairs.It was a very dog-eat-dog world amongst the staff.They,re much more important than that.It,s key to how these people lived and exactly what they believed in.Edwardian,E,ngland was a time of great change.Both the industrial revolution and the great war had aitered everything.It seemed that centuries of tradition were all passing away.And for the aristocracy,they felt that they would lose all of it.Whether it was who to marry,how to eat or what to wear,their manners held the old order in place when everything else seemed to be falling apart.,restrain vt.抑制，控制；约束；制止,hierarchy n.层级；等级制度,dog-eat-dog world 竞争残酷的世界,be falling apart 分崩离析,The Edwardians liked to eat sumptuously.Showing off was a part of it.But it was not all about the glorious food.The ritual of the dining room was at the center of their lives.The immaculate presentation was a statement of moral correctness to all.,immaculate,adj.完美的；洁净的；无瑕疵的,aristocracy 贵族；贵族统治；上层社会；贵族政治,dowager,老夫人,your grace 夫人 my lord 老爷,duchess,公爵夫人,duke,公爵,countess 伯爵夫人 earl 伯爵,butler,管家,servant,仆人,footman,男仆,maid,女仆,valet,贴身男仆,first footman,第一男仆,nannie 奶妈,Robert Crawley,Lady Cora,Lady Mary,Matthew Crawley,Lady Edith,Lady Sybil,Tom Branson,Violet,Isobel,Downstairs,1.The Edwardians prized complexity.Perfection takes many hours.When the table is being set out,things have to be measursd,so butler has a rod with measurements on it,and that determines the place settings between each place and the next.They didn,t use their fingers without gloves on because otherwise it would have left a mark on the silver.And on the measuring points,they should be absolutely equidistant.,Setting up the table is an art.Knives,forks and spoons are set from the outside in,beginning with the bread knife and working through each course to cheese.A pat of butter is impressed with the intertwined Cs and coronet and placed in front of each guest.The wine glasses and water tumbler are arranged to the top right of each setting.,2.Ladys must sit up straight.Their evening gloves are on their lap,hidden underneath their napkin.They dont rest their hands on the table.They have to remember which course theyre on for which wine.,glove,手套,full dress/tail suit/white tie,燕尾服,dinner jacket/tuxedol,晚礼服；无尾礼服,3.The back of the chair was never for anynoe to lean back on.Thats purely decorative,and its purely so that the footman has something to hold.Nannies used to put knives on the back of the chair,to make children sit up straight.,4.Understanding your cutlery was essential.Failure to konw your knives might lead to an enbarrassing moment.Peopel start from the outside and work their way in.,cutlery n.餐具；刀剑制造业,work sbs way in,万事大吉,work sbs way out,大事不妙,cocktail,鸡尾酒,napkin,餐巾,tea spoon egg spoon melon spoon,grapefruit spoon,西柚勺,jam spoon,果酱勺,bouillon spoon,肉羹匙,5.For the Edwardians,The points of a sumptuous table was to impress their guests.Downstairs,who served what was also a reflection of where power lay.First footman always take the meat.And the second footman will bring out the second,the sort of the side dish or the veg.And some footman got paid more for being taller.They kind of have to be invisible.Nothing interferes with the sociability of the table.,6.No one ever takes a bite before the hostess does.Turning in dinner,meaning that the conversation will start in a particular direction as set by the hostess.And so everyone will speak that way.And then after,when hostess turns,everyone turns and speaks to the person on that side,so everyones getting their fair share of chat.,The apparently effortless ritual of the dining room disguised its true purpose.It was a place to influence,a place to exercise power,a place to find a husband.,Thank you,
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