英汉翻译 e-c translation lecture 5

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Lecture 5,Choice and Extension of Word Meaning,词义的选择和词义的引申,Choice of Word Meanings词义的选择,英汉两种语言都有一词多类和一词多义现象。一词多类就是指一个词往往属于几个词类，具有几个不同意义；一词多义就是同一个词在同一词类中又往往有几个不同词义。在英译汉过程中，我们在弄清原句结构后，就要善于运用选择和确定原句中关键词词义技巧，以使所译语句自然流畅，完全符合汉语习惯说法；选择确定词义通常可以从两方面着手：,1、根据词在句中词类来选择和确定词义,They are as like as two peas.形容词,他们相似极了。,Like charges repel;unlike charges attract.形容词,相同的电荷相斥，不同的电荷相吸。,He likes mathematics more than physics.动词,他喜欢数学甚于喜欢物理。,Wheat,oat,and the like are cereals.名词,小麦、燕麦等等皆系谷类。,Like knows like.Like cures like.名词,英雄识英雄。以毒攻毒。,2、根据上下文联系以及词在句中搭配关系来选择和确定词义。,Last:,He is,the last,man to come.,他是,最后,来的.,He did each new job better than,the last,.,他每做一件新的工作都比,上一件,做得更好.,He would be,the last,man to say such things.,他,决不会,说这种话.,He is,the last,person for such a job,他,最不配,干这个工作.,He should be,the last,(man)to blame.,怎么也不该,怪他.,He is the,last man,to consult.,根本不宜,找他商量.,This is,the last,place where I expected to meet you.,我,怎么也没料到,会在这个地方见到你.,This is,the last,thing he will do.,这是他,最不愿干,的事情.,3.根据搭配判断词义,exercise:,exercise options行使选择权exercise monopoly实施垄断,exercise judgment作出判断exercise democracy实行民主,exercise responsibility履行责任exercise influence施加影响,To make a dress,To make trouble,To make a fire,T make a living,To make the bed,To make money,To make a speech,To make a will,To make a poem,To make an investigation,To make a mistake,做一件衣服,惹麻烦,生火,谋生,铺床,赚钱,发表演讲,立遗嘱,作一首诗,进行调查,犯错误,To hold meeting,To hold ones attention,To hold a position,To hold ones breath,To hold ones promise,To hold sb.guilt,To hold the baby in ones arms,To hold a pipe between the teeth,To hold power,To hold a leading post,Hold the line,please.,Hold your tongue,开会,吸引某人注意,坚守阵地,屏住气,守信,判定某人有罪,抱孩子,嘴里叼着烟斗,掌权,担任领导工作,请等一下不要把 挂断,别吵,4.据上下文语境确定词义,1.We hope Mr.white will not forget himself,gone are the days when a representative of a large country in UN,may do whatever he likes.,The speaker attitude towards to the listener in the sentence is derogatory sense and warning tone.译：我们希望怀特先生不要忘乎所以，在联合国里一个大国代表可以为所欲为的日子已经一去不复返了。,2.We hope that our most respected secretary General will not forget himself,his poor health is known to everybody.,(Praise attitude and show loving care tone)译：我们希望最可敬的秘书长先生不要过于操劳劳累过度，忘我的工作，要多多保重，他的健康状况欠佳是众所周知的.,Exercise,short:,1.I have a short memory.,2.Her life was short but brilliant.,3.He complained that the notice was too short.,4.Indeed he has a short temper.,5.Consequently,seeing that they could not win,Lord North in 1778 offered many concessions,short of independence.,我的记忆力不好。,她的一生是短暂而荣耀的。,他埋怨说,通知太仓促了。,他确实是个急性子。,诺斯勋爵鉴于不能取胜,于一七七八年提出要作出假设干让步,只是不让他们独立。,Develop:They want to develop the traditional friendship with China.He has developed the habit of getting up early.She developed an interest in literature.We must continue to develop our tradition.Their rich natural resources,however,are not developed or utilized to the best advantage.We decided to develop a special chemical plant.He was discovered to have developed heart-diseaseCan you develop this film for us？,他们想开展同中国的传统友谊。,他养成了早起的习惯。,她培养了对文学的兴趣。,我们应该继续发扬我们的传统。,但他们丰富的自然资源还没有充分开发利用。,我们决定办一个特别的化工厂。,发现他患了心脏病。,您能为我们冲洗这个胶卷吗？,Everybodys business,is nobodys business.,三个和尚没水吃。,Extension of word meaning(词义的引申),词义引申是指翻译时,在词典上找不到符合上下意义的词时要经过适当的思考,在原词或词组的根本意义的根底上,把原词改为一种适合于表达原文精神实质的新义。,词义的抽象化,所谓作抽象化的引申，就是把原来具体的东西引申为一种抽象的属性或概念。例如把“玫瑰、“老虎和“猿分别引申为“美好、“残暴和“狡猾，生动形象。,Example:,1.It is regrettable that our appeal remains a dead letter.,遗憾的是，我们的呼吁没有得到响应。,2.She showered us with telegrams.,她的电报纷至沓来。,3.See-sawing between partly good and faintly ominous,the news for the next four weeks was never distinct.互相追越的现象,在那以后的四个星期内，消息时而局部有所好转，时而又有点不妙。两种情况不断地交替出现，一直没有明朗化。,4.There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of the imperialists.,帝国主义者的性格既残暴，又狡猾。,5.She was born with a silver spoon in her mouth;she thinks she can do whatever she likes.,她生长在富贵之家，认为凡事都可以随心所欲。,6.How do we account for the split between the critics and the readers,the head and the heart?,评论家和读者之间，也就是理智和感情之间的这种分歧如何解释呢？,I am not such men to let heart ule head.,7.Betty stands head and shoulder above her classmates in playing tennis.,贝蒂打网球的水平鹤立全班。,8.He gave up the sword for the plough.,他解甲归农了。,The pen is mightier than the sword。,文字的力量胜于武力。,9.Faults are thick where love is thin.,一朝情义淡，样样不顺眼。,10.It has taken many a pick and shovel to prove to the world that the history of Greece went back long before the year 776BC.,向世人证明希腊的历史可以追溯到公元前776年做了大量的考古开掘工作。,11.I am only a small potato in this office.,小人物,12.Dont put your finger into anothers pie.,别管他人闲事。,Man for the field and woman for the hearth；,man for the sword and for the needle she,man with the head and woman with the heart；,man to command and women to obey.,Tennyson),男人适于农耕，女人适于家务；,男人适于征战，女人适于缝纫。,男人善于深思，女人富于感情；,男人发号施令，女人唯有服从。,(丁尼生,Exercise,1.Every life has its,roses and thorns.,2.,I have to work for,bread,!,3.If you dare to,play the fox with,me,I will shoot you at once.,4.I have no,head,for music.,5.Sam knows he can depend on his family,rain or shine.,6.Since I only got the news,