情态动词课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,情态动词用法归类,情态动词用法归类,1,只作情态动词的,can/could,may/might,ought to,must,可情态可实义的,need,dare,可情态可助动词的,shall/should,will/,would,相当于情态动词的,have to,used to,只作情态动词的 can/could,may/,2,表示推测的情态动词,表达“情感、态度、语气”等方面的情态动词,情态动词+have done,表示推测的情态动词,3,（一）表示推测的情态动词,对现在或将来情况推测，用情态动词+do/be/be doing；,对过去的推测，用情态动词+have done/been；,（一）表示推测的情态动词对现在或将来情况推测，用情态动词+d,4,表示肯定推测的情态动词按可能性大小依次为,mustshould/ought tomaymightcould；,否定推测，常用cant/couldnt，,译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”，表示推测的语气非常肯定，,may not/might not,译为“可能不”、“也许不”，表示推测的语气不很肯定。,表示肯定推测的情态动词按可能性大小依次为,5,must表示对某人某事的猜测,作“准是”,“一定”,一般用于肯定句中。,You,must,bethenewteacher.,He,must,bejoking.,must表示对某人某事的猜测,作“准是”,“一定”,6,should(not)/ought(not)to表示根据常规或常识推测，表示“某事应该或不应该发生”，语气比must或cant/couldnt稍弱。,e.g.,Hows your tour around the West Lake?Is it beautiful?,It _ be,but it is now heavily polluted.,A.will B.would C.should D.must,【答案】C,should(not)/ought(not)to表,7,can,could,表达推测时，一般用于疑问句和否定句中；,e.g.,Can,the news be true,?,He,cant,be in the classroom now,for the light is out.,can,用于肯定句中表示一种理论上的可能性,，并不牵涉是否真的会发生；,The road can be blocked,.,could,用于肯定句中，语气比can更弱。,can,could表达推测时，一般用于疑问句和否定句中；,8,(,4)may(not)/might(not),表达一种不太把握的推测，意为“或许，可能”；might的语气比may较婉转.,May,表示说话人的,猜测,:“也许”“可能”:通常只用于肯定句和否定句中。,e.g.-I believe the man is from England.,-But I,may,be wrong.,The guest,may,arrive this afternoon.,(4)may(not)/might(not)表达一种,9,might表示现在的可能，其可能性要比may 小,。如：,e.g.She,might,go home tomorrow.,说不定他明天会回家。,might表示现在的可能，其可能性要比may 小。如：,10,（二）表达“情感、态度、语气”等方面的情态动词,1.must表达“情感、态度、语气”主要有以下用法,：,(1)表示主观的义务和必要，,主要用于肯定句和疑问句，意思为“必须，得，要”；,由must引起的疑问句，肯定回答要用must或have to，否定回答要用neednt或dont have to,意思是“不必”。,Must,Ifinishallassignmentsatatime?,Yes,you,must,.,No,you,neednt,.,（二）表达“情感、态度、语气”等方面的情态动词 Mus,11,表示“必须”这个意思时，must和haveto稍有区别。must着重说明主观看法，haveto强调客观需要。,must和 haveto,I dont like this TV set.We,must,buy a new one.There was no more bus.They,had to,walk home.,表示“必须”这个意思时，must和haveto稍有区别,12,(2),must的否定形式mustnt表示禁止，意思是“不能，不许”。,例如：,(2008上海春)When I was young,I was told that I _ play with matches,A.wouldnt B.neednt C.mustnt D.darent,【答案】C,(2)must的否定形式mustnt表示禁止，意思是“不,13,must还可以用来表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏要，硬要、干嘛”。,例如：,He,must,come and worry her with question,just when she was busy cooking the dinner.,must还可以用来表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏要，,14,2.should“应该”，表示“责任和义务”。,例如：,You,should,keep your promise.,你应该遵守诺言。,2.should“应该”，表示“责任和义务”。例如：,15,3.shall,(1)shall用于第一和第三人称，常用于疑问句中，用来征求对方意见。,例如：,Shall,we go by train,Mom?,Shall,they wait here or outside?,(2)用于第二和第三人称，表示“命令、威胁、警告、允诺、”等。,例如：,You,shall,fail if you dont work harder.,He,shall,have the book when I finish reading.,3.shall,16,(,3)shall也用于宣布法律、规定的要求,。例如：,What does the sign over there read?,“No person _ smoke in this area.”,A.will B.may C.shall D.must,【答案】C,(3)shall也用于宣布法律、规定的要求。例如：,17,4.can,(1)can可以用来表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度，主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中,。,(NMET2003全国)How _ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have only covered only part of the article?,A.can B.must C.need D.may,【答案】A,(2)can也可以用来表示请求或许可。,Can,I sit here?,4.can,18,(3),can可以表达一般的或永久的能力。be able to也可表达能力，但常用来表达在某件事情中所表现出来的能力，尤指克服困难能够完成某事。,例如：,(NMET2006福建)If it were not for the fact that she _ sing,I would invite her to the party.,A.couldnt B.shouldnt C.cant D.might not,(NMET1997)The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out.,A.had to B.would C.could D.was able to,【答案】C D,(3)can可以表达一般的或永久的能力。be able t,19,5,.would,(1)will与would可表示“意愿；意志”。,(NMET2008北京)John promised his doctor he _ not smoke and he has never smoked ever since.,A.might B.should C.could D.would,【答案】D,5.would,20,(2),would表示过去倾向性或习惯性的动作。used to 也有这一用法，但used to即可用来表达过去的习惯性的动作，也可用来表示过去的状态。,例如：,(NMET1996上海)When he was there,he _ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.,A.would B.should C.had better D.might,(NMET2007安徽)In my opinion,life in the twenty-first century is much easier than _.,A.that used to be B.it is used to,C.it was used to D.it used to be,【答案】A D,(2)would表示过去倾向性或习惯性的动作。used t,21,（三）情态动词+have done,must表示对某人某事的猜测,;,对过去发生的事情作肯定判断用must have done,Thereisnobodyhere.They,musthaveall gone,home.,（三）情态动词+have donemust表示对某人某事的猜,22,can和could接动词的完成形式。,could have done:表示本可能做某事却没做。(有惋惜、遗憾或委婉批评之意，也可以表示对过去动作的推测),e.g.a.You could have done better,but you didnt try your best.,b.This glass iscracked.Someone could have dropped it,cant/couldnt have done:用于否定句时表否定推断，推测肯定没做；用于疑问句时意为“难道真的做了吗”，表示怀疑。,e.g.They cant have gone out because the light is still on.,Can he have done such a foolish thing?,cant have done 的语气比 couldnt have done 要强一些,can和could接动词的完成形式。,23,“should+have+过去分词”表示本应该在过去做但没有做,。,should(not)/ought(not)to have done本（不）应该做某事，但却没有做或做了，含有责备或后悔之意,（NMET2008江苏）Im sorry.I _at you the other day.,Forget it.I was a bit out of control myself.,A.shouldnt shout B.shouldnt have shouted,C.mustnt shout D.mustnt have shouted,【答案】B,“should+have+过去分词”表示本应该在过去做但没,24,neednt have done本没有必要做某事但却做了。要注意neednt do则表达“没有必要去做某事”，时间上应该是现在或将来。,例如：(NMET2005福建,)Catherine,I have cleaned the room for you.,Thanks.You _ it.I could manage it myself.,A.neednt do B.neednt have done,C.mustnt