清华经济学原理课件1什么是经济学

*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second Level,Third Level,Fourth Level,Fifth Level,清华大学2002年秋季,钱颖一、鞠建东：经济学原理,1,Principles of Economics,经济学原理,2,共同专业基础课程,共同专业基础课（11学分）,经济学原理（1）（3学分）,经济学原理（2）（3学分）,会计学原理（3学分）,信息管理导论（2学分）,3,“,Principles of Economics”at Tsinghua“,经济学原理,”,在清华,1928,年：陈岱孙开始讲授面向全校的“经济学概论”。朱鎔基曾修此课。,1980年：黎诣远开设了中级水平的“西方经济学”课程，这是国内首次使用该名称。,1997年：开设一学期的“经济学基础”课程。,2002年：开设两学期的“经济学原理”课程。,2012年：实行大课（2/3时间）和小课（1/3时间）相结合授课方式，更加注重考试外考核。,4,要求,新的教学大纲,授课,大课（2学时）（,Lectures）,小课（1小时）（8个课堂）（,Sections）,考核,作业6次(15%)、读书报告1篇（10%）、小课表现（15%）、期中考试1、2(各15%)、期末考试(30%),推荐阅读书目,5,第一章,Chapter 1,什么是经济学？,What is Economics?,6,经济学是一门社会科学,Economics is a Social Science,经济学是一门有趣、有用的社会科学。,Economics is an interesting and useful subject in social sciences,它的主题是社会的人们的选择如何引导他们的生活，以及他们如何相互影响。,Its subject matter is society how people choose to lead their lives and how they interact with one another.,但它以科学的冷静来研究这个主题。,It approaches its subject with the dispassion of a science.,7,经济学在各门学科中的位置,物质科学,社会科学,人文,数理化,经政社心,文史哲,工程,管理,新闻,医学,法律,美术,生命科学,生物,8,Fields in Economics,经济学的领域,微观经济学,Micro,宏观经济学,Macro,计量经济学,Econometrics,金融学,Finance,产业组织,Industrial Organization,劳动经济学,Labor,公共财政,Public Finance,国际经济学,International,发展经济学,Development,比较经济学,Comparative,法律和经济学,Law and Economics,政治经济学,Political Economy,经济史,Economic History,9,金融学是经济学的一部分,什么是金融学(,Finance),宏观金融,货币经济学/货币银行(,monetary economics/money and banking),开放经济的宏观经济学/国际金融,(open economy macroeconomics/international finance),微观金融,公司金融/公司财务(,corporate finance),资产定价(,asset pricing),10,经济学与管理学关系密切,会计学,Accounting：,前沿研究领域深受信息经济学的影响,管理信息系统,Management Information System：,网上拍卖运用博弈论、信息产品定价运用价格理论,市场营销学,Marketing：,定价策略得益于信息经济学和博弈论,人力资源管理学,Human Resource Management：,大量运用组织经济学和激励理论的分析方法,公司战略,Corporate Strategy：,延伸产业组织学,11,Economics,经济学,基本观察：资源的稀缺性,scarcity of resources,研究社会对稀缺资源的管理，从而研究,人们的经济行为,（,人们如何做决策）,社会的经济现象（人们决策的相互作用）,12,Why Study Economics?,学习经济学的三个原因,经济学有助你了解你生活的世界。,Economics will help you understand the world in which you live.,经济学使你更精明地参与经济活动。,Economics will make you a more astute participant in the economy.,经济学使你更好地理解经济政策的潜力与局限性。,Economics will give you a better understanding of the potential and limits of economic policy.,13,学习经济学的三个层次,Three levels of learning economics,初级经济学,The introductory level,经济学原理（1）、（2）：钱颖一、钟笑寒,中级经济学,The intermediate level,中级微观经济学、中级宏观经济学：李稻葵、白重恩,高级经济学,The advanced level,高级微观经济学、高级宏观经济学,14,经济学三个层次的特点,经济学原理,不用公式而用图表（“,curve-shifting economics”）,入门课,三个主要目的,中级经济学,用一些数学和统计,较为严格的数学推理,较为系统的经验实证分析,高级经济学,用很多数学（“,Greek-letter economics”）,前沿的学术研究,15,经济学原理课程三个主要目的,Course Objectives,领会现代经济学的基本思想、概念与分析方法,To learn the basic ideas,concepts,and analytical methods of economics,培养对现实世界经济行为与经济现象的观察能力,To acquire the ability of making observations of economic behavior and phenomena in the real world,训练经济学直觉,To gain economic intuition,16,“经济学原理”课可以改变人生,“在我当学生的20年中，最令我兴奋的课程是我在上大学一年级时所选的连续两个学期的经济学原理。可以毫不夸张地说，这门课改变了我的一生。”,曼昆经济学原理序言,“During my 20 year career as a student,the course that excited me most was the two-semester sequence on the principles of economics that I took during my freshman year in college.It is no exaggeration to say that it changed my life.”,17,一种新的思维方式,A New Way of Thinking,经济学是这样一门学科可以,凭少量的知识去理解广泛的现象,。,Economics is a subject in which,a little knowledge goes a long way,.,18,一种新的思维方式,A New Way of Thinking,没有想到的原因(,unexpected reasons),非有意的后果(,unintended consequences),无关紧要的因素(,irrelevant factors),出乎预料的办法(,surprising mechanisms),19,凯恩斯：经济学思想的力量,John Maynard Keynes on Economic Ideas,“,许多实行家自以为不受任何学理的影响，却往往当了某个已故经济学的奴隶”,“The ideas of economists and political philosophers,both when they are right and when they are wrong,are more powerful than is commonly understood.Indeed,the world is ruled by little else.Practical men,who believe themselves to be quite exempt from intellectual influences,are usually the slaves of some defunct economists.”,20,凯恩斯：经济学家的素质,John Maynard Keynes on Economists,“,The master-economist must possess a rare,combination,of gifts.He must be mathematician,historian,statesman,philosopherin some degree.He must understand symbols and speak in words.He must contemplate the particular in terms of the general,and touch abstract and concrete in the same flight of thought.He must study the present in the light of the past for the purpose of the future.No part of mans nature or his institutions must lie entirely outside his regard.He must be purposeful and disinterested in a simultaneous mood;as aloof and incorruptible as an artist,yet sometimes as near the earth as a politician.”,21,经济学的三类问题,人们如何作出决策,How People Make Decisions,2.人们如何相互作用,How People Interact,3.,整体经济如何运行,How the Economy as a Whole Works,22,经济学的十个原理,1.人们面临得失交换（权衡取舍）。,People face,tradeoffs,.,2.,某物的成本是为此所放弃的东西。,The,cost,of something is what you give up to get it.,3.,理性人思考边际量。,Rational people think at the,margin,.,4.,人们会对激励作出反应。,People respond to,incentives,.,人们如何作出决策,How People Make Decisions,23,经济学的十个原理,5.贸易能使人人收益。,Trade,can make everyone better off.,6.,市场通常是组织经济活动的好方式。,Markets,are usually