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语法专项训练,(,九,),非谓语动词,语法专项训练,(,九,),非谓语动词,语法专项训练(九),非谓语动词就是在句中不能单独作谓语的动词,有动词不定式、动词的,-ing,形式和,-ed,形式三种,.,语法精讲,语法精讲,考点一动词不定式,动词不定式由,“,to,动词原形,”,构成,有三种时态,:,(1),一般式,to do,不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之后或几乎同时发生；,(2),进行时,to be doing,不定式与谓语动词的动作同时发生；,考点一动词不定式,(3),完成时,to have done,不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生,.,被动形式,to be done,和,to have been done.,否定形式为,not to do.,不定式在句中可作主语、宾语、表,语、定语、状语和补语,.,(3)完成时to have done,不定式的动作在谓语动,1,作主语,To master a foreign language is necessary.,掌握一门外语是必要的,.,2,作宾语,(1),可用不定式作宾语的动词常见,的有,:want,wish,agree,like,decide,1作主语,begin,start,learn,pretend,ask,promise,plan,intend,refuse,等,.,I wish to see you soon.,我希望能早日见到你,.,(2),可用疑问代词或疑问副词,what,which,whom,where,when,how,加不定式作宾语,但不定式的逻辑主语与句子的主语要一致,.,begin,start,learn,pretend,I really dont know what to do/how,to do it.,我确实不知道该怎么做,.,(3),不定式作介词,but,和,except,的宾,语时,其前若有,do,动词,则要省略,to.,She could do nothing but cry.,除了哭,她别无他法,.,I really dont know what to do,3,作表语,The best treatment for fatness is,to reduce the internal fat.,减肥的最好办法是减少体内脂肪,.,3作表语,【,注意,】,若主语部分有行为动词,do,时,作表,语的不定式可带,to,也可省,to.,All we could do was(to)watch him.,我们能做的就是监视他,.,【注意】,4,作定语,I have a lot of work to do today.,我今天有很多工作要做,.,5,作状语,He went abroad to learn English.,他去国外是为了学习英语,.(,表目的,相当于,in order to),4作定语,He hurried to the station only to find the train had left.,他匆忙赶到车站却发现列车已开走,了,.(,表结果,),表结果时常见于下列句型,:too.to.,so/such.as to.,enough.to.,only to.,He hurried to the station only,He wept to hear the news.,听到那消息后他哭了,.(,表原因,),【,注意,】,作目的状语时,不定式表示的动作在谓语动作之后发生；作,原因状语时,不定式表示的动作在谓语动作之前发生,.,He wept to hear the news.,6,作补语,接不定式作宾补的动词常见的有,:advise,allow,permit,ask,beg,persuade,want,order,encourage,force,get,invite,expect,teach,wish,warn,等,.,Ill try to get her to see the doctor.,我会尽力让她去看医生,.,6作补语,【,注意,】,感官动词和使役动词后作宾补的不定式要省,to,但当句子为被动语态时,则不能省,to.,这类词有,:,一感,(feel),二听,(hear,listen to),三让,(let,have,make),五看,(see,watch,notice,observe,look at).,【注意】,They knew her very well.They had seen her grow up from childhood.,他们很了解她,是看着她长大的,.(,省,to),The patient was made not to eat oily food after the operation.,病人术后不准吃油腻食品,.(,不能省,to),They knew her very well.They h,完成下列句子,(1)It takes about 10 minutes _,(,步行去汽车站,),(2)He is always the first one _(,到达学校,),to get to the bus station on foot,to get to school,完成下列句子to get to the bus statio,(3)Have you had Peter_(clean)the windows?,(4)Ive come here _(tell)you that your parents are going to see you this evening.,clean,to tell,(3)Have you had Peter_,(5)He made Tom do his homework in the study room all night.(,改用被动语态,),Tom _his homework in the study room all night.,was made to do,(5)He made Tom do his homework,(6)To complete the project by the end of this month is necessary.(,改用形式主语,),_the project by the end of this month.,It is necessary to complete,(6)To complete the project by,(7)The boy pretended that he didnt see me when he passed by me.(,改用不定式作宾语,),The boy pretended _,when he passed by me.,not to see me,(7)The boy pretended that he d,考点二动词,-ing,形式,1,作主语,动名词作主语时,往往指规律性或经常性发生的事,.,谓语动词用单数,.,有,时可用,it,作形式主语,.,考点二动词-ing形式,【,注意,】,It is no use/good doing sth.,“,做某事没有用,”,是固定句式,.,如,:Its no use reasoning with him.,和他理论是没有用的,.,【注意】,2,作宾语,(1),作动词宾语,.,在某些动词后面,只,能接动名词作宾语,.,如,:enjoy,mind,suggest,miss,cant help,be worth,imagine,escape,avoid,admit,allow,forbid,keep,finish,consider(,考虑,),appreciate,等,.,2作宾语,(2),作介词宾语,.,如,:By doing so,we can make it easier.,【,注意,】,有些带,to,的短语后只能,接,doing,即,to,是介词,.,如,:refer to,lead to,look forward to,pay attention to,be devoted to,be used to,等,.,(2)作介词宾语.如:By doing so,we c,3,作表语,(1),动名词作表语,说明主语的内容,指一般性、经常性的动作,.,His job is teaching English.,他的工作是教英语,.(,可以说成,Teaching English is his job.),3作表语,(2),现在分词作表语,相当于形容词,说明主语的性质；可有比较形式,亦可被,very,等副词所修饰,.,He was very amusing.,他很有趣,.,Skiing is more exciting than skating.,滑雪比溜冰更刺激,.,(2)现在分词作表语,相当于形容词,4,作定语,(1),动名词作定语表示所修饰名词的功能；被修饰的名词与动名词没有逻辑上的主谓关系；可用,“,名词,for,动名词,”,来表达；动名词通常只能位于所修饰的名词前,.,4作定语,Heres a swimming pool,(,a pool for swimming),这里有一个游泳池,.,(pool,与,swimming,没有主谓关系,),(2),现在分词作定语表示性质、特征、状态或动作；被修饰的名词与现在分词在逻辑上有主谓关系,可换成定语从句来表达；,Heres a swimming pool,单个的现在分词作定语,常置于被修饰的名词的前面；现在分词短语作定语,须置于被修饰名词的后面,.,Nobody can stop the running horse,(,the horse that is running),没有人能阻止那匹奔马,.(horse,与,running,在逻辑上有主谓关系,),单个的现在分词作定语,常置于被修饰的名词的前面；现在分词短,I know the man standing there,(,who is standing there),我认识站在那儿的那个人,.,(the man,与,standing there,在逻辑,上有主谓关系,),I know the man standing there,5,作状语,现在分词作状语表示在进行某一动作的同时所进行的另一动作,它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用,.,现在分词或分词短语作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、行为方式或伴随状况等,.,5作状语,Walking around the city,we were impressed by the development of industry.,在城市里走时,这个城市工业的发达给我们留下了深刻的印象,.(,时间,),Using your mind,youll work out the problem.,Walking around the city,we we,用用你的脑子,你就会解出这道题,.,(,条件,),Being ill,he cant go to school like other children.,因为生病,他不能像其他小孩一样去上学,.(,原因,),用用你的脑子,你就会解出这道题.,He worked late into night,preparing for the coming test.,他工作到深夜,准备即将到来的考试,.(,伴随,),Traveling by train,we visited a lot of cities.,我们坐火车访问了许多城市,.(,方式,),He worked late into night,pre,6,作宾语补足语,(1),动词,-ing,形式用作宾语补足语,宾语与补足语有主动关系,表示,“,动作正在发生,(,即处于发生的过程中,)”.,She caught them stealing her apples.,她撞见他们偷她的苹果,.,6作宾语补足语,(them,
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