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,湖南长郡卫星远程学校,2015,年下学期,制作,03,离子反应发生的条件,（,1,）生成难溶于水的物质,离子反应发生的条件,（,1,）生成难溶于水的物质,（,2,）生成难电离的物质,（,H,2,O,、弱酸、弱碱等）,离子反应发生的条件,（,1,）生成难溶于水的物质,（,2,）生成难电离的物质,（,H,2,O,、弱酸、弱碱等）,（,3,）生成易挥发性的物质（气体）,离子反应发生的条件,离子大量共存问题,Ba,2+,、,K,+,、,OH,-,、,Cl,-,K,+,、,Na,+,、,H,+,、,HCO,3,-,Na,+,、,Zn,2+,、,OH,-,、,SO,4,2-,Ca,2+,、,Na,+,、,H,+,、,OH,-,Ba,2+,、,K,+,、,OH,-,、,Cl,-,K,+,、,Na,+,、,H,+,、,HCO,3,-,Na,+,、,Zn,2+,、,OH,-,、,SO,4,2-,Ca,2+,、,Na,+,、,H,+,、,OH,-,不发生反应,产生,Zn(OH),2,生成,CO,2,生成,H,2,O,H,+,，,SO,4,2-,，,Na,+,，,CO,3,2-,Ba,2+,，,K,+,，,Cl,-,NO,3,-,Na,+,，,H,+,，,NO,3,-,，,HS,-,K,+,，,Cl,-,，,Ca,2+,，,CO,3,2-,下列各组离子在水溶液中能否大量共存,H,+,，,SO,4,2-,，,Na,+,，,CO,3,2-,Ba,2+,，,K,+,，,Cl,-,NO,3,-,Na,+,，,H,+,，,NO,3,-,，,HS,-,K,+,，,Cl,-,，,Ca,2+,，,CO,3,2-,CO,2,气体,下列各组离子在水溶液中能否大量共存,H,+,，,SO,4,2-,，,Na,+,，,CO,3,2-,Ba,2+,，,K,+,，,Cl,-,NO,3,-,Na,+,，,H,+,，,NO,3,-,，,HS,-,K,+,，,Cl,-,，,Ca,2+,，,CO,3,2-,CO,2,气体,能大量共存,下列各组离子在水溶液中能否大量共存,H,+,，,SO,4,2-,，,Na,+,，,CO,3,2-,Ba,2+,，,K,+,，,Cl,-,NO,3,-,Na,+,，,H,+,，,NO,3,-,，,HS,-,K,+,，,Cl,-,，,Ca,2+,，,CO,3,2-,CO,2,气体,H,2,S,弱电解质,能大量共存,下列各组离子在水溶液中能否大量共存,H,+,，,SO,4,2-,，,Na,+,，,CO,3,2-,Ba,2+,，,K,+,，,Cl,-,NO,3,-,Na,+,，,H,+,，,NO,3,-,，,HS,-,K,+,，,Cl,-,，,Ca,2+,，,CO,3,2-,CO,2,气体,H,2,S,弱电解质,CaCO,3,沉淀,能大量共存,下列各组离子在水溶液中能否大量共存,离子共存问题,a,结合生成,难溶物质,的离子不能大量共存,；,b,结合生成,气体或易挥发性物质,的离子不能大量共存；,c,结合生成,难电离物质,（,水,）的离子不能大量共存；,下列各组离子在水溶液中能大量共存的是,(),A.H,、,S,2-,、,CO,3,2-,B.HCO,3,-,、,Na,+,、,H,+,C.Cu,2+,、,Cl,-,、,OH,-,D.Ba,2+,、,OH,-,、,NO,3,-,下列各组离子在水溶液中能大量共存的是,(),A.H,、,S,2-,、,CO,3,2-,B.HCO,3,-,、,Na,+,、,H,+,C.Cu,2+,、,Cl,-,、,OH,-,D.Ba,2+,、,OH,-,、,NO,3,-,D,下列各组离子,在水溶液,能共存的是,Ba,2+,、,K,+,、,NO,3,-,、,CO,3,2-,、,H,+,B.K,+,、,Cl,-,、,Mg,2+,、,NO,3,-,、,H,+,C.Fe,3+,、,SO,4,2-,、,OH,-,、,Na,+,、,Cu,2+,D.Ag,+,、,Ba,2+,、,Cl,-,、,NO,3,-,、,K,+,下列各组离子,在水溶液,能共存的是,Ba,2+,、,K,+,、,NO,3,-,、,CO,3,2-,、,H,+,B.K,+,、,Cl,-,、,Mg,2+,、,NO,3,-,、,H,+,C.Fe,3+,、,SO,4,2-,、,OH,-,、,Na,+,、,Cu,2+,D.Ag,+,、,Ba,2+,、,Cl,-,、,NO,3,-,、,K,+,B,下列离子在水溶液中，,无色,且能大量共存的是,(),A.Fe,3+,、,K,+,、,NO,3,-,、,Cl,-,B.Ba,2+,、,K,+,、,Cl,-,、,OH,-,C.H,+,、,Mg,2+,、,HCO,3,-,、,SO,4,2-,D.Na,+,、,K,+,、,MnO,4,-,、,NO,3,-,下列离子在水溶液中，,无色,且能大量共存的是,(),A.Fe,3+,、,K,+,、,NO,3,-,、,Cl,-,B.Ba,2+,、,K,+,、,Cl,-,、,OH,-,C.H,+,、,Mg,2+,、,HCO,3,-,、,SO,4,2-,D.Na,+,、,K,+,、,MnO,4,-,、,NO,3,-,B,A:Ca,2,、,Na,+,、,NO,3,-,、,SO,4,2-,B:Mg,2+,、,Cl,-,、,Al,3+,、,SO,4,2-,C:K,+,、,Cl,-,、,HCO,3,-,、,NO,3,-,D:Ca,2+,、,Na,+,、,Fe,3+,、,NO,3,-,在,强酸性,溶液中能,大量,共存且溶液为,无色,透明的一组离子是（）,在,强酸性,溶液中能,大量,共存且溶液为,无色,透明的一组离子是（）,A:Ca,2,、,Na,+,、,NO,3,-,、,SO,4,2-,B:Mg,2+,、,Cl,-,、,Al,3+,、,SO,4,2-,C:K,+,、,Cl,-,、,HCO,3,-,、,NO,3,-,D:Ca,2+,、,Na,+,、,Fe,3+,、,NO,3,-,B,1,警惕,“,颜色陷阱,”,无色溶液应排除有色离子,Fe,3+,、,Fe,2+,、,Cu,2+,、,MnO,4,-,等离子,；,2.,警惕,“,酸碱性陷阱,”,某些隐含离子：酸性溶液（或,pH7,）中隐含有,H,+,，碱性溶液（或,pH7,）中隐含有,OH,-,。,1,警惕,“,颜色陷阱,”,无色溶液应排除有色离子,Fe,3+,、,Fe,2+,、,Cu,2+,、,MnO,4,-,等离子,；,2.,警惕,“,酸碱性陷阱,”,某些隐含离子：酸性溶液（或,pH7,）中隐含有,H,+,，碱性溶液（或,pH7,）中隐含有,OH,-,。,警惕离子共存,“,陷阱,”,与,H+,不能大量共存,：,OH,-,、,ClO,-,、,CO,3,2-,、,HCO,3,-,、,CH,3,COO,-,、,HS,-,、,S,2-,、,F,-,、,SO,3,2-,、,HSO,3,-,、,PO,4,3-,、,HPO,4,2-,、,HCOO,-,、,AlO,2,-,、,SiO,3,2-,等，生成弱电解质,与,OH,-,不能大量共存,：,NH,4,+,、,Fe,3+,、,Fe,2+,、,Cu,2+,、,Al,3+,、,Zn,2+,、,Ag,+,、,Mg,2+,、,HCO,3,-,、,HS,-,、,H,2,PO,4,-,、,HPO,4,2-,、,HSO,3,-,、,SO,3,2-,等。,弱酸的酸式根离子（如,HCO,3,-,、,HSO,3,-,、,HS,-,、,HPO,4,2-,、,H,2,PO,4,-,）既不能与,H,大量共存也不能与,OH,大量共存。,下列有关溶液组成的描述合理的是,A,无色溶液中可能大量存在,Al,3,、,NH,4,+,、,Cl,、,NO,3,-,B,酸性溶液中可能大量存在,Na,、,ClO,、,SO,4,2-,、,I,C,强,碱性溶液中可能大量存在,Na,、,K,、,Cl,、,HCO,3,-,D,无色,溶液中可能大量存在,Fe,3,、,K,、,Cl,、,SO,4,2-,下列有关溶液组成的描述合理的是,A,无色溶液中可能大量存在,Al,3,、,NH,4,+,、,Cl,、,NO,3,-,B,酸性溶液中可能大量存在,Na,、,ClO,、,SO,4,2-,、,I,C,强,碱性溶液中可能大量存在,Na,、,K,、,Cl,、,HCO,3,-,D,无色,溶液中可能大量存在,Fe,3,、,K,、,Cl,、,SO,4,2-,C,
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