英语专业翻译课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语专业翻译【课件】,Lecture 1 Introduction,Lecture 2 语义翻译,Lecture 3 词法翻译,之对等译法具体译法抽象译法,Lecture 4,词法翻译之增词译法省词译法合词译法,Lecture 5,词法翻译之转性译法换形译法褒贬译法,Lecture 6 Translation of Sentences,Lecture 7 Words Order in Sentence Translation,Lecture 8 Paragraph/ Passage Translation,Lecture 9 Translation and Culture,Lecture 10 Idiom Translation,Lecture 11 Translation and Figures of Speech,Lecture 12 Translation and Text Types,Lecture 13 Scientific Text Translation,Lecture 14 Poem Translation,Lecture 15 Translation and Punctuations,Lecture 16 Translation Appreciation,Lecture 17 Translation Practice,Lecture 18 A Final Review,Tower of,Babel,根据犹太人的?圣经旧约?记载：大洪水劫后，天下人都讲一样的语言，都有一样的口音。诺亚的子孙越来越多，遍布地面，于是向东迁移。在示拿地古巴比伦附近，他们遇见一片平原，定居下来。由于平原上用作建筑的石料很不易得到，他们彼此商量说：“来吧，我们要做砖，把砖烧透了。于是他们拿砖当石头，又拿石漆当灰泥。他们又说：“来吧，我们要建造一座城，和一座塔，塔顶通天，为要传扬我们的名，免得我们分散在全地上。由于大家语言相通，同心协力，建成的巴比伦城繁华而美丽，高塔直插云霄，似乎要与天公一比上下。没想到此举惊动了上帝！上帝深为人类的虚荣和傲慢而震怒，不能容忍人类冒犯他的尊严，决定惩罚这些狂妄的人们，就像惩罚偷吃了禁果的亚当和夏娃一样。他看到人们这样齐心协力，统一强大，心想：如果人类真的修成宏伟的通天塔，那以后还有什么事干不成呢？一定得想方法阻止他们。于是他悄悄地离开天国来到人间，变乱了人类的语言，使他们分散在各处，那座塔于是半途而废了。那共同的语言被称为亚当语，历史上曾有学者提出某种语言是原始语言，例如希伯来语、巴斯克语等参阅犹太文献。高塔中途停工的画面在宗教艺术中有象征意义，表示人类狂妄自大最终只会落得混乱的结局。,Lecture 1 Introduction,The Lord said: “Look, they are one people, and they have all one language; and this is only the beginning of what they will do; nothing that they propose to do will now be impossible for them. Come, let us go down, and confuse their language there, so that they will not understand one anothers speech.,Chapter 11 of Genesis, The Old Testament,Translate or die.,The lives of every creature on the earth may one day depend on the instruct and accurate translation of one word.,序,译林深深，在弯弯曲曲的路径旁，必有奇花异草；,译海茫茫，在海浪奔涌的海滩上，必有彩贝珍珠；,译苑葱葱，在枝繁叶茂的密林间，必有鸟雀唧啾；,译途漫漫，在蜿蜒曲折的山道里，必有山泉溅珠,翻译，乃桥梁，文化交流之桥梁，通过这个桥梁，让你了解世界各地灿假设朝霞的文化；,翻译，乃窗口，了解世界之窗口，通过这个窗口，让你欣赏“外面的世界真精彩，让你哀,叹“外面的世界真无奈；,翻译，乃船只，遨游海洋的船只，通过搭乘这艘船只，让你徜徉于人类文化知识之海；,翻译，乃良师，诲人不倦的良师，通过良师的指点，让你从一个崭新的角度去夯实你的,英语根底,翻译，乃英语学习之最高境界也！,References:,1.陈德彰?英汉翻译入门?，外研社，2005.,2.陈宏薇、李亚丹主编?新编汉英翻译教程?，上海外教社，2004.,3.陈文伯?译艺英汉汉英双向笔译?，世界知识出版社，2004.,4.范守义?翻译研究：另类视野?，外研社，2004.,5.方梦之、毛忠明主编?英汉汉英应用翻译教程?，上海外教社2004.,6.冯庆华?实用翻译教程?增订本，上海外教社，2002.,7.华先发、邵毅?新编大学英译汉教程?，上海外教社，2004.,8.李长栓?非文学翻译理论与实践?，中国对外翻译，2004.,9.李明?英汉互动翻译教程?，武汉大学，2006.,10.刘宓庆?英汉翻译技能指引?，中国对外翻译，2006.,11.刘宓庆?翻译教学：实务与理论?，中国对外翻译，2006.,12.吕瑞昌等?汉英翻译教程?，陕西人民，1983.,13.邵志洪?翻译理论、实践与评析?，2003.,14.申雨平、戴宁?实用英汉翻译教程?，外研社，2002.,15.孙致礼?新编英汉翻译教程?，上海外教社，2003.,16.熊文华?英汉翻译教程理论与实践?，北大，2006.,17.喻云根?英美名著翻译比较?(第二版)，湖北教育，2005.,18.曾诚?实用汉英翻译教程?，外研社，2002.,19.张春柏主编，?英汉汉英翻译教程?，高等教育，2003.,20.张培基等?英汉翻译教程?，上海外教社，1980.,21.庄绎传?英汉翻译简明教程?，外研社，2002.,英汉比照与翻译:,1.包惠南、包昂?中国文化与汉英翻译?，外文2004.,2.陈定安?英汉比较与翻译?，中国对外翻译2006.,3.陈文伯?英汉成语比照与翻译?，世界知识2005.,4.何善芬?英汉语言比照研究?，上海外教社2002.,5.金惠康?跨文化交际翻译?，中国对外翻译2005.,6.李定坤?汉英辞格比照与翻译?，华中师大1994.,7.连淑能?英汉比照研究?，高等教育1993.,8.刘宓庆?新编汉英比照与翻译?，中国对外翻译2006.,9.潘文国?汉英语比照纲要?，北京语言大学2004.,10.彭宣维?英汉语篇综合比照?，上海外教社2000.,11.王德春?汉英谚语与文化?，上海外教社2001.,12.王菊泉、郑立信主编?英汉语言文化比照研究(1995-2003)?，上海外教社2004.,13.汪福祥?英美文化与英汉翻译?，外文2006.,14.王逢鑫?英汉比较语义学?，外文2001.,15.魏志成?英汉语比较导论?，上海外教社2003.,16.萧立明?英汉比较研究与翻译?，上海外教社2002.,17.熊文华，?汉英应用比照概论?，北京语言大学，1997.,18.杨丰宁?英汉语言比较与翻译?，天津大学2006.,19.张良军、王庆华、王蕾?实用英汉语言比照教程?，黑龙江人民2006.,20.赵世开主编?汉英比照语法论集?，上海外教社1999.,21.周志培?汉英比照与翻译中的转换?，华东理工2003.,22.朱永生、郑立信、苗兴伟?英汉语篇衔接手段比照研究?，上海外教社2001.,翻译理论:,1.郭建中?当代美国翻译理论?, 湖北教育2000.,2.李明?翻译研究的社会符号学视角?，武汉大学2005.,3.廖七一?当代英国翻译理论?, 湖北教育2001.,4.廖七一?当代西方翻译理论探索?, 译林2000.,5.刘宓庆?新编当代翻译理论?，中国对外翻译2005.,6.刘宓庆?中西翻译思想比较研究?, 中国对外翻译2005.,7.刘宓庆?翻译美学导论?, 中国对外翻译2005.,8.刘宓庆?刘宓庆翻译散论?王建国编, 中国对外翻译2006.,9.刘宓庆?口笔译理论研究?, 中国对外翻译2006.,10.刘宓庆?文化翻译论纲?，中国对外翻译2007.,11.刘宓庆?文体与翻译?，中国对外翻译2007.,12.刘宓庆?翻译与语言哲学?修订本，中国对外翻译2007.,13.刘重德?西方译论研究?，中国对外翻译2003.,14.王东风主编?功能语言学与翻译研究?，中山大学2006.,15.王宏印?文学翻译批评论稿?，上海外教社2006.,16.许钧?翻译论?，湖北教育2003.,17.许渊冲?文学与翻译?，北大2003.,18.许渊冲?翻译的艺术?，五洲传播2006.,19.张南峰?中西译学批评?，清华大学2004.,20.朱健平?翻译：跨文化解释哲学诠释学与接受美学模式?，湖南人民2007,Lecture 1 Introduction,1.What is translation?,2.What is the function of translation?,3.Translation standards?,4.Translation methods?,5.The purposes of translation?,在我国，东汉时代，佛教的传入促成了翻译的形成。,唐代以后，翻译事业日趋衰微。,明清时代，介绍西方政治、经济、科技和文学著作的翻译盛行了起来，代表人物有徐光启、严复和林纾。,严复的“信、达、雅。,林纾不懂外语，与别人合作翻译了160多部西方文学作品。,京师同文馆：在同治元年1862设立了京师同文馆,“五四运动以后，涌现了新的翻译高潮，代表人物有陈望道、李达、鲁迅、瞿秋白、矛盾、郭沐假设、朱生豪、林语堂。,解放以后，出现了一段空前繁荣的“黄金时期，出现了一大批优秀的翻译家，如傅雷、草婴、杨宪益等。,当今时代，国际交流日益频繁，科技开展日新月异，对翻译的需求也日趋增多，从事翻译的工作人员多达100万左右。,翻译在中国:,严羽论诗，力主妙悟。他认为盛唐之诗“其妙处透彻玲珑，不可凑泊，如空中之音，相中之色，水中之月，镜中之象，言有尽而意无穷。,严羽这几句话虽然说得虚无缥缈，恍惚迷离，其实说来说去，只合一个“化字。所谓“妙悟，更是臻于化境的意思。,水中之月，看似有之，捞之那么无，妙就妙在捞不到手。艺术的“化，当是不即不离，不粘不脱，求其神似而不求其形似。形似不过是皮相，神似才入化境。这好比一件玉器，清楚是雕琢出来，却又不露一点斧凿之痕。翻译，尤其是文学翻译，也是如此，所以文学翻译的最高境界就是“化，也就是严羽说的“妙悟、“透彻玲珑了。,林语堂年，幼名和乐，又名玉堂，福建漳州人。他博学多才，以“两脚踏中西文化，一心评宇宙文章为己任，辛勤笔耕，在文学、历史、语言学和中外文化交流等众多领域都取得了巨大成就，是著名作家、学者、翻译家。,两脚踏东西文化，一心评宇宙文章,英译汉:1. ?国民革命外记? 原著者待查2. ?女子与知识? 罗素夫人原著3. ?易卜生评传及其情书? 布兰地司原著4. ?卖花女?(剧本) 萧伯纳原著5. ?励志文集? 马尔腾博士原著6. ?新俄学生日记? 奥格约夫原著，林语堂、张友松合译7. ?新的文评? 史宾冈、克罗斋、王尔德等原著,汉译英：1. Six Chapters of a Floating Life, by Shen Fu, Rendered into English by Lin Yutang ?浮生六记?，清朝沈复原著2. Chuangtse, Translated by Lin Yutang ?英译庄子?3. The Importance of Understanding: Translations from the Chinese ?中国古文小品选译?又称?古文小品? 晋朝陶潜等原著4. Nun of Taishan and other Translations ?英译老残游记第二集及其他选译?5. The Chinese Theory of Art: Translation from the Master of Chinese Art?中国画论，译自国画名家? 冥寥子游 明朝屠隆原著,英文著作1. Letters of Chinese Amazon and War-time Essays ?女兵自传和战时随笔? 又称?林语堂时事述译汇刊?2. The Little Critic: Essays, Satires and Sketches on China, First Series: 1930-1932 ?英文小品甲集?3. The Little Critic: Essays, Satires and Sketches on China, First Series: 1933-1935 ?英文小品乙集?4. My Country and My People ?吾国吾民?又称?中国人?5. Confucius Saw Nancy, and Essays About Nothing ?子见南子及英文小品文集?6. A History of the Press and Public Opinion in China ?中国新闻舆论史?7. The Importance of Living ?生活的艺术?8. The Wisdom of Confucius ?孔子的智慧?9. Moment in Peking ?京华烟云?10. With Love and Irony ?讽颂集?11. The Best Essays of Lin Yutang ?林语堂小品精华?12. A Leaf in the Storm ?风声鹤唳?13. The Wisdom of China and India ?中国与印度之智慧?14. Between Tears and Laughter ?啼笑皆非?15. The Vigil of a Nation ?枕戈待旦?,16. The Gay Genius: the life and Times of Su Tungpo ?苏东坡评传?又称?苏东坡传?或?苏东坡?17. Chinatown Family ?唐人街?18. The Wisdom of Laotse, Edited and Translated with Introduction and Notes by Lin Yutang ?老子的智慧?19. Miss Du ?杜十娘? 又称?杜姑娘?20. On the Wisdom of America ?美国的智慧?21. Widow, Nun and Courtesan: Three Novelettes from the Chinese Translated and Adapted by Lin Yutang?寡妇，尼姑与歌妓：英译三篇小说集?又称?寡妇、妾与歌妓?22. Famous Chinese Short Stories, Retold by Lin Yutang?英译重编传奇小说?23. The Vermilion Gate?朱门?24. Looking Beyond?远景?25. Lady Wu?武那么天?又称?武那么天传?，?武那么天正传?，?武后传?26. The Secret Name?匿名?,27. The Chinese Way of Life?中国的生活?28. From Pagan to Chrostoanity?由异教徒到基督教友?又称?皈依耶教?或?信仰之旅?29. Imperial Peking: Seven Centuriesof China?帝国京华，中国在七个世纪的景观?又称?辉煌北京?30. The Red Peony?红牡丹?31. The Pleasures of a Nonconformist?不羁?32. Juniper Loa?赖伯英?33. The Flight of the Innocents?逃往自由城?34. Chinese-English Dictionary of Modern Usage?当代汉英字典?35. Readings in Modern Journalistic Prose?现代新闻散文选?,广义上对翻译的分类：雅各布森Jakobson,言内翻译 intralingual translation,言际翻译 interlingual translation 不同语言之间的信息转换。,符际翻译 intersemiotic translation,Translation,Translating,Translate,关于我国翻译标准的理论：, 严复的“信、达、雅, 傅雷的“神似论，主张意译，文学翻译应该抛开原文形式的束缚，追求在精神或意境上与原文一致。, 钱钟书的“化境论,西方翻译理论的开展：,奈达的对等理论、形式对等、动态对等,功能理论 functionalist theory,目的论 skopostheorie,翻译的文化转向 cultural turn,多元系统理论 poly-system,后殖民主义 post-colonialism,解构主义 deconstruction,重写作者的死亡rewriting,理论不是方法，但是理论指导方法。,直译、意译,归化、异化,本课程的目的和任务：,1. 翻译的有关知识和技巧,2. 提高语言水平，包括外语水平和汉语水平,3. 有关源语文化和所译文本内容的知识水平,要有严谨的翻译态度,不能做差不多先生!,翻译的条件:,1. 汉语功底要好,2. 英语语言能力要强,3. 知识面要广,中西方民族文化心理比较辨析:,1.汉语民族重悟性，西方重理性,“不愤不启，不悱不发，举一隅不以三隅反，那么不复也?论语述而?,“知者不言，言者不知,“得意忘言,汉语中，一段文字可以连连出现跳脱，频频改变主语或出现主语缺省。读者就得从整体的语境上把握其意义，缺省局部的意思需凭借其与说出局部的关系“悟出来。如果缺乏“悟性，那就没法准确理解整体的意义。,潘文国先生 ：“汉语和英语在表达上的一个重大区别是汉语重意合而英语重形合，这在哲学上的表现就是汉民族的思维习惯重悟性，而英语民族的思维习惯重理性。,例1：芸揽镜自照，狂笑不已。余强挽之，悄然径去。遍游庙中，无识出女子者，或问何人，以表弟对，拱手而已。 沈复?浮生六记?,Yun then had such fun looking at herself in the mirror. I dragged her along and we stole away together to the Temple. For a long time nobody in the Temple could detect it. When people asked, I simply said she was my boy cousin, and people would merely curtsy with their hands together and pass on. 林语堂译,例2：士为知己者死，女为悦己者容：,A man will die for the one who appreciates him; a woman will beautify herself for the man who is pleased in her.,例3： 虞美人,李煜,春花秋月何时了？,往事知多少？ 小楼昨夜又东风，,故国不堪回首月明中。,雕栏玉砌应犹在，,只是朱颜改。,问君能有几多愁？,恰是一江春水向东流。,Yuanmeiren,Too long the autumn moon and spring flowers last.,I,wonder how much theyve known of my past.,Last night spring breezes through,an,upper room,Reminds,me,too much my present gloom.,With a bright moon, how could,I,my country recall,Without a sense of defeat and despair at all.,The Palace should be still there as before,With its carved railings; jade-like steps galore.,Only here are changes which my plight entail.,My complexion, once ruddy, has become pale.,Should I be asked how much anguish I have found.,Strange! It is like flowing water, eastward bound.,(徐忠杰译),2.汉语民族的整体思维与西方的个体思维,“天人合一,“仁,许慎在?说文?中说：“仁，亲也，从人二。,指“树的事物：松、柏、樟、和杉,“pine, “cypress, “camphor, “fir。,例4：中国地大、物博、人口众多，中国人过去常常以此自豪。,China is well-known as a country with vast territory, rich resources and a large population, of which the Chinese people were always proud before.,(中文句中“中国地大、物博、人口众多是一个主题，但翻译成英语时要把“中国作为主语，再用介词、连词和从句串联起整个句子的关系。),例5：灾难深重的中华民族，一百年来，优秀人物奋斗牺牲，前仆后继，摸索挽救它的真理，可歌可泣。,As for the disaster-ridden Chinese nation, its finest sons and daughters fought and sacrificed their lives, one stepping into the breach as another fell, in quest of truth that would save the nation for about a hundred years. This moved us to songs and tears.,3.汉语民族的主体意识与西方的客体意识,“万物皆备于我；“万物之中，唯人为贵,“以此见人之超然万物之上，而最为天下贵也。人，下长万物，上参天地，故其治乱之故，动静顺逆之气，乃损益阴阳之化，而摇荡四海之内。,在?圣经?故事里，亚当和夏娃不听上帝的劝告，偷吃了知识树上的禁果，被赶出了伊甸园。从此，人类便有了灾难和罪恶，开始了艰辛的生活。该隐杀了其弟亚伯后，人类犯下了原罪，由此而得到更多的惩罚。所以，人类为了生存，不得不探索大自然，不得不求知进取。这样，大自然就被对象化了，人与自然有了距离，而不像中国的“天人合一思想，把人与自然合为一体。,在林语堂先生的?吾国吾民?里，有这样一段话：“中国人思考特性之详细讨论，已使吾人了然于中国自然科学之所以不兴旺。希腊人之能奠定自然科学根底，因为他们的心灵本质上是一个分析的心灵，此事实可由亚里士多德时代之灿烂的文明来作证，埃及人开展数学和天文学，都得需要分析的心灵。印度人也开展了他们自己的文法。中国人虽有一切固有的智识，却从未开展文法的科学，而他们的数学和天文学都从海外输入。因为中国人的智巧好象只知道悦服道德的自明之理，而他们的抽象用语像仁，义，忠，礼，已属十分普遍，他们的精密意义自然而然已丧失在模糊的普遍性里。,由于强烈的主体意识，在有动作的句子里，汉语中往往使用人做主语。而类似的英语句子中，名词化的主语各式各样，不管物称、人称，只要不违背语法形式的单词、词组和句子都可以充当主语。另外，与汉语不一样，在客体意识的作用下，英语中的非人称句和被动句也出现的非常频繁。,例6：A strange peace came over her when she was alone.,她独处时便感到一种特殊的安宁。,例7：An idea suddenly struck me.,我突然想到了一个主意。,例8：Every time I go to a class reunion, for example, there are fewer and fewer (of us) still around.,比方说，每次我去参加老同学聚会，来的人总是越来越少。,例9：Some things have been said here tonight that ought not to have been spoken.,今晚有人在此讲了些不该讲的话。,Lecture 2 语义翻译,一理解中的选义,二表达中的选词,三翻译中的灵活性,四翻译中的多样性,一英语句子翻译的多样性,二英语成语翻译的多样性,三汉语句子翻译的多样性,四汉语成语翻译的多样性,一理解中的选义: 同样一个简单的字或词语，在不同的上下文中，就可能含有不同的含义,run across,run away,run back over,run counter to,run down,run in,run into,run into debt,run off,run out,run over,run through,13. run up,14. run to seed,15. run a race,16. run a race,17. run for presidency,18. run aground,19. run wild,20. run to extremes,21. run the streets,22. run a hare,23. run a car,24. run a factory,25. run messages,26. run the water off,27. run oil,28. run to,29. run on,30. run sb. into difficulties,31. run the risk of,32. run ones eyes down a list,33. run a simile too far,34. run a fever,35. run a sword through sb.,36. run ones head into a wall,上班,上报,上膘,上场,上当,上灯,上吊,上冻,上火,上进,上课,上口,上年纪,上任,上台,上膛,上演,上阵,上瘾,干部要能上能下,随函附上角钱邮票一张,这一盘你上,一连上了好几道菜,我来给门上漆,这事已上了电视,比照“head和“头在不同上下文中的不同含义：,“head,1.He was badly wounded in the head.,2.You should use your head a bit.,3.He has a good head for mathematics.,4.The dinner cost us five dollars a head.,5.Prick with the head of a needle.,6.He was standing at the head of the staircase.,7.Lets discuss the question under five heads.,8.The head of his bed was piled with books.,9.Present at the meeting were the heads of government of the four countries.,10.Go and ask the head of our department.,11. Heads or tails?,12.Where is the head?,“头,这娃娃头真大The baby has got a big head.,她正在梳头She was combing her hair.,他的女儿在山头上玩His daughter is playing on the top of the hill.,一辆小车停在桥西头A car was parked at the west end of the bridge.,让我从头讲起吧Let me tell the story from the very beginning.,他把铅笔头扔了He has thrown away the pencil stub.,她是我们组里的头儿She is the head of our group.,他们是一头儿的They are on the same side.,事情不能只顾一头We mustnt pay attention to only one aspect of the matter.,这还是我头一次来杭州呢This is the first time I have been in Hangzhou.,他头天上午就来了He came here the previous morning.,没有上下文的时候,我们可以根据两三个字或词语来确定某一个字或词语的意义.,man,1.,man,and his wife,丈夫,和妻子,2.officers and,men,官和,兵,3.his,man,Friday 他的,仆人,礼拜五,4.,man,-of-war 战,舰,5.Be a,man,!要像个,男子汉,！,sophisticated,1.,sophisticated,man,老于世故的,人,2.,sophisticated,woman,狡猾的,女子,3.,sophisticated,columnist,老练的,专栏作家,4.,sophisticated,electronic device,高度精密的,电子装置,5.,sophisticated,weapon,尖端,武器,soft pillow,soft cushion,soft money,soft breeze,soft voice,soft hat,soft answer,soft heart,soft music,soft wood,soft drink,soft light,soft fire,soft words,soft goods,soft water,二表达中的选词：选词就是在译文里寻找最恰当的表达方法一般来说，选词是在一组同义词或近义词之间进行,有关“死的表达方法：,“薨皇帝 、“卒大夫、“不禄书生、 “圆寂和尚、 “涅磐木底尼姑、 “羽化道士、 “寿终正寝老者、 “作古先贤、 “夭折少年、 “逝世领袖、 “一命呜呼匪徒,去世、过世、长眠、安息、遇难、丧生、牺牲、捐躯、殉国、殉职、坐化、驾崩、见阎王、回老家、归西天、断气、完蛋、翘辫子、无疾而终,英语对“死委婉高雅的表达方法：,to be asleep in the Arms of God/Jesus安睡在上帝/耶稣的怀中,be called to God被上帝召唤去了,go the way of all flesh走众生之路,be in Arahams bosom在亚伯拉罕的怀中,be promoted to glory荣升天国了,cross over the River Jordan渡过约旦河,go to ones grass去草莽，入土,go to ones long home回到永久之家,go to heaven上天堂，进天国,to sleep长眠,yield up the ghost灵魂出窍,调侃的说法：,to kiss /bite the dust口吻尘土,pay day发薪日,be cleaned out of the deck打牌时被去除出局,be done for被干掉了,kick the bucket踢翻水桶,lay down ones knife and fork放下刀叉,lay down ones life放下生命,take one-way ride去单程旅行，一去不复返出自20年代芝加哥盗匪黑话,要根据上下文来选择词义“No context, no text,例：It is quite another story now.,译：现在情形完全不同了,2. A young man came to Scotts office with a story.,译：一个年轻人来到斯科特的办公室报案,3.It is a long story.,译：说起来话就长了,4.Hell be very happy if that story holds up.,译：如果这一说法能够成立，那他就太快乐了,5.The white-haired girls story is one of the saddest.,译：白毛女的遭遇可算是最悲惨的了,今天天气很,好,Its fine today.,我的病,好,了Im well / all right.,你们对我真,好,You are really kind to me.,这事,好,办This is easy to handle.,好,景不长Good times dont last long.,形势有,好,转The situation took a favourable turn.,我已经,好,久没有看见他了I havent seen him for a long time.,我,好,几个星期都不在家I stayed away for several weeks.,develop:,develop a new business 开展一家新的商行,develop packaged software开发软件包,develop a new type of car研制新型汽车,develop a new field of technology开拓新的技术领域,develop a work tunnel开拓作业巷道,develop coal face拓宽采煤工作面,develop the tools改进工具,develop ones reading methods改进阅读方法,三翻译中的灵活性：在翻译过程中，完全按照原文的句式和字典的释义来进行翻译是行不通的汉英两种语言在文化背景和语法结构上存在着很大的差异因此，必须根据具体的上下文进行灵活处理,例：After the fall of France, Germany was incomparably stronger than England,on the ground, about equally matched,in the air, and gravely inferior,at sea,.,译文：法国崩溃之后，德国陆军大大超过英国，空军力量旗鼓相当，海军那么严重处于劣势,2. 可是青年人热烈的求知欲望和,好高骛远,的劲头，管它懂不懂，她还是如饥如渴地读下去,译文：Yet her youthful craving for knowledge, her,aspiring spirit, made her read on eagerly whether she understood or not.,四翻译中的多样性：用丰富多彩而又贴切得当的语言形式，把反复出现而又意思不变的句子，词组，成语，词语译得生动活泼,例：无精打采,宝玉,无精打采,，只得依他，晃出了房门Baoyu,listlessly,took her advice and pottered out.,宝玉因得罪了黛玉，二人总未见面，心中正自懊悔，无精打采，那里还有心肠去看戏？Baoyu had not seen Daiyu since he offended her and was feeling too remorseful and depressed to enjoy any show.,宝玉欲待要说两句，又怕黛玉多心，说不得忍气，,无精打采,，一直出来But not wanting to annoy Daiyu too, he kept his temper and,sulkily,left the room.,黛玉见他,无精打采,的去了，又见眼上好似有哭泣之状，大非往日可比Daiyu saw that she looked,in low spirits, quite unlike her usual self, and had been crying.,宝玉只得,无精打采,，还入怡红院来Baoyu then returned,dejectedly,to Happy Red Court.,他们便来了也是,无精打采,的Hence they arrived looking,listless and apathetic,.,一英语句子翻译的多样性,例：A short girl in a flat black straw hat appeared in the open doorway.,译文：一位头戴扁平的黑草帽的矮个儿姑娘，出现在门口,译文：一个头戴黑色扁平草帽的小个儿姑娘，出现在门口,译文：一位姑娘出现在门口，只见她个头不高，头戴一顶浅浅的黑草帽,译文：门口闪出了一位个头不高的姑娘，头上戴着一顶平平的黑草帽,译文：门口出现一矮妞，头戴扁平黑草帽,二英语成语翻译的多样性,例：to be on tenterhooks (心情烦乱，焦急，紧张),1.She was,on tenterhooks,when she heard of her mothers illness.,2.He was,on tenterhooks,of expectation during our conversation.,3.I found him,on tenterhooks,when he was waiting for his girlfriend.,4.The President, being told of the strong earthquake in his country, was,on tenterhooks,every minute.,5.His parents were,on tenterhooks,all the time until they got his letter.,6.The students were,on tenterhooks,before the examination began.,7. The poor boy was,on tenterhooks,when his father was searching for a stick.,8.The hen-pecked man was,on tenterhooks,when his wife scolded her way into the room.,三汉语句子翻译的多样性,例：你的眼睛长哪儿去了？,1.Havent you got eyes?,2.Are you so blind?,3.Are you such a blind man?,4.Youre really stone-blind!,5.How blind you are!,6.As blind as a bat!,7.What a blind man!,8.A sightless guy!,9.Why are you so rash?,10.How can you be so reckless?,11.My goodness! Be careful!,12.Would you please be more careful?,四汉语成语翻译的多样性,例：欢天喜地,宁荣两处上下内外人等，莫不,欢天喜地,Then high and low alike in both mansions,were filled with joy,.,那小厮欢天喜地，容许去了The boy assented and made off in high spirits.,我才已经和他母亲说了，他娘已经,欢天喜地,应了Ive spoken to her mother and shes consented,gladly,.,两个小头目听了这话，欢天喜地，说道：“好了！众人在此少待一时 The junior officers were delighted. “Excellent, they said. “Just wait here a little.,得蒙派遣，欢天喜地，收拾刀枪Happy with their mission, they gathered their weapons.,石宝得胜，,欢天喜地,，回城中去了The victorious Shi Bao returned to Hangzhou,in jubilation,.,他们没有杀人的罪名，又偿了心愿，自然都,欢天喜地,的发出一种呜呜咽咽的笑声Then they can enjoy their hearts desire without being blamed for murder. Naturally that,delights,them and sets them roaring with laughter.,不管归迟归早，那妇人顿羹顿饭，欢天喜地伺候武松，武松倒过意不去Whenever he returned home, whether early or late, Golden Lotus had food ready. She severed him with obvious pleasure. It rather embarrassed him.,翻译的过程,英国翻译家Roger Bell将翻译的交际过程描述为:,代码1 (Code 1),发送者(Sender) 信号1Signal 1 译者(Translator),内容1Content 1,代码2 (Code 2),接收者(Receiver) 信号2Signal 2,内容2Content 2,整个翻译交际流程如下：,译者接收到含有信息的信号1识别代码1,解码信号1 寻找信息理解信息选择,代码2 将理解后的信息译成代码2 传送,含有信息的信号2,术语,(Glossary):,SL (Source Language) 源语,ST (Source Text) 源文本,TL (Target Language)目的语,TT (Target Text) 目的文本,Discourse 语篇,Discourse Analysis语篇分析,Context 语境,Translation Studies 翻译研究,Lecture 3 词法翻译,一对等译法,二具体译法,三抽象译法,四增词译法,五省词译法,六合词译法,七转性译法,八换形译法,九褒贬译法,aluminum 铝,physics 物理,pneumonia 肺炎,New York 纽约,hand 手,head 头,Aspirin 阿司匹林,Marxism 马克思主义,Capitalism 资本主义,Modernism 现代主义,一对等译法:在译文语言中找到同原文中某个单词,词组或成语意义上的对等表达.,1.cut a joke,2.speak ones mind,3.be after ones own heart,4. at ones finger-tips,5.fish in troubled waters,6.thousands upon thousands of,7. in deep water,8.turn up ones nose at,9.skins and bones,10.touch and go,11.from the cradle to the grave,12.hit the nail on the head,插科打诨,畅所欲言,满意如意,了如指掌,浑水摸鱼,成千上万,水深炽热,嗤之以鼻,皮包骨头,一触即发,一生一世,一语道破,成语对等的表达：a比喻意义,b比喻形式,c感情色彩,13.充耳不闻,14.出人头地,15.吹毛求疵,16.破釜沉舟,17.大惊小怪,18.大海捞针,19.颠倒黑白,20.得意忘形,21.攀龙附凤,22.