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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,中级英语笔译,An Intermediate Course of English Translation,许宁云,博士,副教授,主讲人：,;,英汉翻译技巧,第七讲,复杂定语从句和否认句,的翻译,一、复杂定语从句的翻译,复杂的定语从句，即一个句子带有两个或两个以上定语从句的结构。如,一主二仆式,定语从句较为复杂，指的是一个先行词带有两个或两个以上定语从句的情况，主要有以下几种译法：,A.,译成定语,：可以把两个定语从句译成并列的定语，也可译成分开的定语修饰先行词，或分别修饰重复的先行词。例如：,Almost everything which really matters and which the world possessed at the commencement of the modern age was already known to man at the dawn of history.,近代史开始时，世界拥有的每一项重大成就，几乎都已为历史发端期的人们所知晓。,分开的定语,B.,译成并列句,：可以把两个定语从句简单地译成一个并列句，也可以把它们译成两个分开的并列句，用来表示并列、转折或先后顺序等关系：,Not surprisingly,the most complex political structures appeared in the Sudan,where long distance trade was most highly developed and where Islamic influence was the strongest.,毫不奇怪，苏丹出现了最复杂的政治组织，在那里，长途贸易开展得最快，伊斯兰教的影响最为强烈。,两个并列句,C.其他译法：把翻译简单定语从句的方法贯穿其中，如译成定语+句子成分即把一个从句译成定语，另一个从句译成句子成分；或译成并列句或句子成分+状语从句即把一个从句译成并列句或句子成分，另一个从句译成状语从句等。例如：,At one extreme are Hawaii and Brazil,where racial intermixture is extensive and continuing,and where racial discrimination is relatively minor.,处于一个极端的是夏威夷和巴西，在那里种族混合十分普遍，而且正在继续，因此，种族歧视较少。,并列句+状语从句,课堂练习,This was a defensive pact,designed to protect Germany against the French,who aspired to recover the alsace-Lorraine province lost in 1871,and also to protect Australia-Hungary against the Russians,with whom they continually clashed in the Balkins.,这是一个防御性的盟约，旨在保护德国人免受法国人的攻击，保护奥匈帝国免受俄国人的攻击；因为法国人想收复1871年失去的阿尔萨斯-洛林地区，而俄国人那么在巴尔干半岛同奥匈帝国接连不断地发生冲突。,二、英语否认结构的翻译,带否认意义的词是比较容易译错的，有的是因为否认是隐性的；有的是因为否认的射向不同；有的是由于否认的范围和重心不易确定。,1隐形否认,此类否认既无特定句型，又无否认词，其否认含义多为习惯用语或引申义，颇为费解，也最易出错，切不可望文“生译，如：,Catch me making the same error again.,我决不再犯同样的错误。,He is braver than wise,他有勇无谋。,He is wiser than to risk his money in that undertaking,他不会蠢到投资那项事业的地步。,I have yet to hear the story.,我还没听说过这件事情。,have not yet done),She certainly knows better than to tackle such a problem by herself,她很明白不能单独去解决这个问题。,Its anyones guess.,这事谁也不清楚。,He would be the last man to say such things,他决不会说这样的话。,This is the last place where I expected to meet you,我万万没有想到会在这儿碰上你。,2否认词的射向,在汉语中，往往否认什么，否认词就放在什么前面。而英语并不完全一致。英语中有这样一种情况，当用think,believe,suppose,imagine,expect,anticipate,guess等动词后，后面的宾语从句假设是否认时，其否认词往往从从句转移到高一级的语言形式上主句的谓语动词上。,He doesnt expect we need worry.,他认为我们不必着急。,But you cannot say this of Fowlers Dictionary of Modern English Usage.It is a valuable work.I do not think anyone writes so well that he cannot learn much from it.,但是，福勒的?现代英语用法辞典?却不是这种情况。这是一本很有价值的书。我认为，任何人，无论文章写得多好，他也会从中得到许多益处。,3.否认的范围和重心,(Scope and key points of negation),汉语中凡处在否认词后面的，都处于否认的范围之内。而英语那么有所不同，也就是说，否认词后面的，有可能都处于否认的范围之内，也有可能某些成分在否认范围之外。,But two systems are not necessarily identical,or even very similar because they have some properties in common.,但是这两个系统并不因为有某些共同的特性就一定是完全相同的，或者是十分相似的。,还有，all,every,each,both,total,whole,always等词用在否认句中表示局部否认。,He cannot drive all of the cars.,他不是每种汽车都能开。,Both the instruments are not precision ones.,这两件仪器只有一件是精密仪器。,课堂练习,心脏和胃一样不能思维，都受大脑支配。,“nomorethan翻译成汉语“和一样不,1.Theheartisnomoreintelligentthanthe,stomach,fortheyarebothcontrolledby,the brain.,与其说他输了比赛是屡次被击中，不如说是自己缺乏斗志。,“notsomuchas翻译成“与其说，不如说,2.Itwasnotsomuchthemanyblowshe,receivedasthelackoffightingspirit,thatledtohislosingthegame.,I do not believe that he will come early.,我相信他不会早来。,Theenginedidnotstopbecauseitburnt,out.,这台发动机并不是因为烧坏而停止运转的。,Wehaventcalledthemeetingtodiscuss,thisquestion.,我们开会并不是为了讨论这个问题。,也可以理解为：我们没有开会讨论这个问题。,他们认为不必将这些电池重新充电。,The End,Theydonotthinkthatitisnecessaryto,rechargethesecells.,课后作业,1.He was also an old-line Stalinist who had spent 16 years in Hungarian jails in the interwar period and who was now unwilling to share authority with the nationalist Hungarian Communists.,2.Thereisnoreasontheyshouldlimithow,muchvitaminyoutake,anymorethan,theycanlimithowmuchwateryoudrink.,
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